Crown Dimensions Research Articles

Density affects plant size in the Gobi Desert

Plant size is a crucial functional trait with substantial implications in agronomy and forestry. Understanding the factors influencing plant size is essential for ecosystem management and restoration efforts. Various environmental factors and plant density play significant roles in plant size. However, how plant size responds to mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual temperature (MAT), and density in the arid areas remains incomplete. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted comprehensive vegetation surveys in the Gobi Desert in northwestern China with a MAP below 250 mm. We also collected climate data to disentangle the respective influences of climate and density on the community-weighted plant height, crown length, and crown width. Our observations revealed that the community-weighted mean plant height, crown length, and width demonstrated a positive association with MAT but negative relationships with both MAP and density. These patterns can be attributed to the predominance of shrubs over herbs in arid regions, as shrubs tend to be larger in size. The proportion of shrubs increases with MAT, while it decreases with MAP and density, resulting in higher plant height and larger crown dimensions. Although both MAP and MAT affect plant size in the Gobi Desert, our findings highlight the stronger role of plant density in regulating plant size, indicating that the surrounding plant community and competition among individuals are crucial drivers of plant size patterns. Our findings provide valuable guidance for nature-based solutions for vegetation restoration and ecosystem management, highlighting the importance of considering plant density as a key factor when designing and implementing restoration strategies in arid areas.

Complex canopy structures control tree transpiration: A study based on 3D modelling in a tropical rainforest

AbstractTropical rainforests are rich in tree species and comprise complex canopy structures. Transpiration by forest trees is a major hydrological flux which contributes to climate regulation. We explored the role of forest canopy structure on tree transpiration in a tropical rainforest on Sumatra, Indonesia. Drone‐based photogrammetry and the structure from motion technique were used to compute high‐resolution 3D point clouds and derive forest and tree structural variables. Transpiration of differently sized and vertically positioned trees was assessed with sap flux measurements. Per‐tree transpiration rates increased linearly with several variables related to crown dimension and were further enhanced by top‐heavy crown shape, dense leafage and increasing canopy openness as assessed with the gap light index. Under given environmental conditions, the two variables crown volume and top‐heaviness explained 74% of the observed variance in per‐tree transpiration. Transpiration rates per unit crown dimension were highest for small crowns, decreased non‐linearly with increasing crown dimension and were little affected by other analysed structural variables. Our study underlines the potential of 3D point cloud analyses for accurately determining the structure of complex forest canopies and thus better understanding and predicting transpiration rates of differently positioned trees.

Relating metric crown dimensions to underlying internal daily secretion rates in antimeric premolars

ObjectivesThe underlying cause for metric differences in antimeric tooth pairs is an important question for understanding dental variation. We hypothesize that localized variation in crown dimensions will be reflected in localized variation in daily enamel secretion rate. DesignCasts of pairs of human premolars from a tissue bank were 3D scanned using an optical scanning system (n = 32). Histological slides were created, and daily secretion rates (DSRs) were recorded in two areas of enamel that corresponded to scanner measurements. Antimeres were compared for both metric measurements and DSRs. Outliers for scanner measures were compared to significant differences in DSRs measurements in right and left teeth in corresponding areas. ResultsThirteen of the 16 individuals differed significantly in antimeric metric measurements, but only ten of those also differed in the underlying DSR. Fifteen of the 16 total individuals differed significantly in at least one DSR area. DiscussionWhile some individuals were outliers for metric measurements and had multiple areas of DSR differences, the majority of individuals had antimeric DSR differences regardless of metric differences. While there was no conclusive correlation between 3D metric analysis and underlying DSR differences, the most important result of this study is that DSR differences between antimeres are common.

Unsupervised Methodology for Large-Scale Tree Seedling Mapping in Diverse Forestry Settings Using UAV-Based RGB Imagery

Mapping and monitoring tree seedlings is essential for reforestation and restoration efforts. However, achieving this on a large scale, especially during the initial stages of growth, when seedlings are small and lack distinct morphological features, can be challenging. An accurate, reliable, and efficient method that detects seedlings using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) could significantly reduce survey costs. In this study, we used an unsupervised approach to map young conifer seedlings utilising spatial, spectral, and structural information from UAV digital aerial photogrammetric (UAV-DAP) point clouds. We tested our method across eight trial stands of radiata pine with a wide height range (0.4–6 m) that comprised a total of ca. 100 ha and spanned diverse site conditions. Using this method, seedling detection was excellent, with an overall precision, sensitivity, and F1 score of 95.2%, 98.0%, and 96.6%, respectively. Our findings demonstrated the importance of combining spatial, spectral, and structural metrics for seedling detection. While spectral and structural metrics efficiently filtered out non-vegetation objects and weeds, they struggled to differentiate planted seedlings from regenerating ones due to their similar characteristics, resulting in a large number of false positives. The inclusion of a row segment detection algorithm overcame this limitation and successfully identified most regenerating seedlings, leading to a significant reduction in false positives and an improvement in overall detection accuracy. Our method generated vector files containing seedling positions and key structural characteristics (seedling height, crown dimensions), offering valuable outputs for precision management. This automated pipeline requires fewer resources and user inputs compared to manual annotations or supervised techniques, making it a rapid, cost-effective, and scalable solution which is applicable without extensive training data. While serving as primarily a standalone tool for assessing forestry projects, the proposed method can also complement supervised seedling detection methods like machine learning, i.e., by supplementing training datasets.

The Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Impacted Third Molar Position, Crown and Root Morphology.

This study aimed to analyze the crown and root morphology of maxillary and mandibular third molars, and assess their position in relation to adjacent anatomical structures using clinical examination and radiographic images. A total of 176 extracted impacted or partially impacted third molars were included in this study. Orthopantomogram images (OPG) were used to evaluate the number of roots, position, depth of impaction relative to the occlusal plane of the second molar, and angulation of maxillary and mandibular third molars. The extracted teeth were examined to determine the actual number of roots. The root morphology was classified using the Alavi classification system for maxillary third molars and the Machado classification for mandibular third molars. Additionally, the number of cusps, crown dimensions, and morphology were analyzed using digital and dental calipers. The extracted samples exhibited a significantly higher number of roots compared to the number assessed on OPG images (P<0.001). The majority of mandibular third molars had two fused roots (37.39%) and a five-cuspid crown (48.70%), while maxillary third molars had three fused roots (26.23%) and four cusps (42.62%). Both maxillary (60.66%) and mandibular third molars (61.74%) were predominantly vertically positioned. Regarding the depth of impaction, maxillary third molars were primarily classified as Class C (65.57%), while mandibular third molars were classified as Class B (47.83%). Differences in crown shape were observed, with maxillary crowns being mostly triangular (36.07%) and mandibular crowns being oval (38.26%). Maxillary third molars had shorter crowns compared to mandibular third molars (P<0.05). The root morphology of maxillary and mandibular third molars in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina displays variability. Orthopantomogram imaging was found to be inadequate for accurate determination of the number of roots in third molars. The number of cusps on third molars cannot be relied upon as a predictor of the number of roots. The study's findings will have implications for dental practice, particularly for oral surgeons and restorative dentists.

Assessment of crown dimensions of primary teeth in a selected sample of Indian children - An odontometric study

Abstract Introduction: The size and shape of the tooth are important sources of information for anthropology, forensic odontology, and clinical dentistry. Different populations, and even individuals within the same population, may have variations in the odontometric characteristics of their teeth, which limits the applicability of the data across groups. Aim: To establish the normal odontometric data of primary teeth and examine the sexual dimorphism and its usefulness as a tool to identify the sex among young children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 150 children aged 3–5 years. The parents of the selected children were informed about the procedure protocol of the study and their written consent was obtained. The negative replica of the maxillary and mandibular teeth was obtained and dental casts were prepared. The mesiodistal, buccolingual, and crown height dimensions of each tooth were measured with a digital Vernier caliper. Two independent examiners measured each tooth’s dimensions three times, and the mean was analyzed. Results and Discussion: There was no significant difference between the teeth in the right and left quadrants. Males had larger odontometric dimensions than females. The sex of children based on odontometrics of primary teeth crowns could be determined with an accuracy of 98%, 72%, and 86% using mesiodistal, buccolingual, and crown height dimensions, respectively. Conclusions: There was a clear sexual dimorphism of the primary teeth. The odontometrics can be used as a low-cost and alternative tool for sex identification among children.

Individual tree volume estimation with terrestrial laser scanning: Evaluating reconstructive and allometric approaches

Accurate estimates of above-ground tree biomass within forest inventories are essential for calibration and validation of biomass mapping products based on Earth observation data. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) enables detailed and non-destructive volume estimation of individual trees, which can be converted to biomass with wood basic density. Existing TLS-based approaches range from simple geometrical features to virtual 3D reconstruction of entire trees. Validating such approaches with weight measurements is a key step before the integration of TLS or other close-range technologies into operational applications such as forest inventories. In this study, we firstly evaluate individual tree volume estimation approaches based on 3D reconstruction through quantitative structure models (QSM) against destructive reference data of 60 trees and compare them to operational allometric scaling models (ASM). Secondly, we determine the explanatory power of TLS-derived geometric parameters regarding total wood, stem, coarse wood and fine branch volume. We observe similar accuracy in merchantable (¿7 cm) wood compartments for ASMs (NRMSE = 25 %) and QSMs (NRMSE = 29 %), with QSMs showing better results for broadleaves than conifers and generally overestimating fine branch volume. Feature selection shows that a combination of stem diameters and volume of convex hulls around tree crowns has the most potential to model the entire tree volume including branches, especially for conifers. In cases where the quality of available point clouds is insufficient for QSMs, 3D information can thus still be utilised by deriving geometric parameters. The integration of crown dimension parameters into new allometric models could substantially improve the estimation of branch wood volume.

Mousterian human fossils from El Castillo cave (Puente Viesgo, Cantabria, Spain).

El Castillo cave is a well-known site because of its Paleolithic archaeology and parietal rock art. This paper is focused on the human remains found by V. Cabrera in the Mousterian Unit XX assigned to MIS 4 and early MIS 3. The fossils consist of one upper left second premolar (ULP4), one incomplete proximal hand phalanx, and one partial femoral head. The tooth and the phalanx were assigned to adults, whereas the femoral head belonged to an immature individual due to the absence of fusion traces to the metaphyseal surface. The external morphology and metrical characterization of the Castillo-1466 (ULP4) tooth crown was quantified and compared to the variability of other Neanderthal dental remains and a sample of modern human populations. We also quantified its 3D enamel thickness distribution, its roots morphology, as well as the presence of chipping, and their possible relation to masticatory or paramasticatory activities. Castillo-1466 shows crown dimensions compatible with middle-sized Neanderthal teeth, but with a remarkably thicker enamel than other Neanderthal premolars, such as Marillac 13. The femoral head and the hand phalanx fragment are compared to published values for Neanderthals, although both partial fossils lack diagnostic features precluding any clear taxonomic diagnostic. Therefore, their attribution to Neanderthals is assumed based on the dating of the layers in which they were discovered. El Castillo cave Mousterian fossils represent another contribution to the knowledge of the Middle Paleolithic populations of Northern Spain, where different sites along the Cantabrian mountains yielded several human remains assigned to MIS 4 and early MIS 3.

Canine Crown Sexual Dimorphism in a Sample of the Modern Croatian Population.

Sex assessment is a key part of forensic analysis to establish the identity of unknown deceased individuals. Previous studies have shown that canines are the most dimorphic teeth, but population-specific data are necessary for forensic methods. This study explores sex dimorphism in canine crown dimensions and morphology in a contemporary Croatian population. The material consisted of 302 dental casts (147 females, 155 males) of orthodontic patients and dental students (11-25 years). The distal accessory ridge (DAR) of the upper and lower canines was evaluated using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. Mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) crown dimensions were measured on 120 casts. Sex differences in MD and BL dimensions were significant (p < 0.05) for all the canines (upper and lower, left and right), while in DAR only for lower canines (p < 0.000001). When all variables were put into the model, backward stepwise discriminant function analysis isolated lower canine DAR and lower left canine MD as the two independent variables differentiating sex. Using these two variables, a discriminant function formula allowed for sex determination with an accuracy of 73.5%. This study shows that both canine crown morphology and dimensions are useful for sex determination, especially for lower canines. These methods can be applied to children, as lower canines erupt at about 9 years of age.

On viscoelastic drop impact onto thin films: axisymmetric simulations and experimental analysis

This study investigates the effect of fluid elasticity on axisymmetric droplets colliding with pre-existing liquid films, using both numerical and experimental approaches. The numerical simulations involve solving the incompressible flow momentum equations with viscoelastic constitutive laws using the finite volume method and the volume of fluid (VOF) technique to track the liquid’s free surface. Here, the Oldroyd-B model is used as the constitutive equation for the viscoelastic phase. Experiments are also performed for dilute viscoelastic solutions with 0.005% and 0.01% (w/w) polyacrylamide in 80:20 glycerin/water solutions, in order to ensure the validity of the numerical solution and to investigate the elasticity effect. The formation and temporal evolution of the crown parameters are quantified by considering the flow parameters, including the fluid’s elasticity. The results indicate that the axisymmetric numerical solutions reasonably agree with the experimental observations. Generally, the fluid’s elasticity can enlarge the crown dimension at different thicknesses of the fluid film. Moreover, at intermediate values of the Weissenberg number, the extensional force in the crown wall can control the crown propagation. Furthermore, the results reveal that the effects of the Weber number and the viscosity ratio on this problem are more significant at higher values of the Weissenberg number.

Dental crowding and spacing measurements of the tooth and arch on patients visiting UMDC

A stable and aesthetic set of teeth is ensured by proper alignment. Additionally, a correct tooth position offers excellent conditions for good health and the best possible dental care. However, harmony amongst tooth and arch proportions leads to the continuity and integrity of the dental arch. Any imbalance amongst these components puts a person at risk for dental crowding and spacing, both of which are bad for the function and health of the teeth. Objectives: The goal of the current study was to compare the tooth and arch diameters amongst dental arches that are normal, crowded, and spaced. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the UMDC Faisalabad orthodontic department. Patients and/or parents gave their informed consent before the start of therapy so that their records might be utilised for research. 120 dental casts of Pakistani subjects older than 13 years old were gathered as a sample. Dental casts that met the following inclusion criteria were chosen from the files of patients seeking orthodontic treatment: Pretreatment casts of patients with no past orthodontic treatment history, a permanent dentition that has fully emerged and allows accurate measurements of the crown dimensions, and excellent orthodontic casts.

Influence of Tree Attributes on Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) Transitioning to Higher Defoliation Classes Determined by Logistic Regression

The age, size and morphology of trees, including crown dimensions, can influence crown defoliation. In Croatia, the selection management of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) forests involves pure or mixed stands, either of which can be affected by various disturbances, resulting in unbalanced stand structures. The aim of this study was to estimate the probability of trees transitioning from one defoliation class to the next, examine the influence of tree attributes on that process and analyze the changes in survival over time. The study was conducted over a 18-year period (1990–2007) on two sites with contrasting stand structures: a uniform stand with a dominant share of silver fir (Site A) and an uneven-aged mixed beech–fir stand (Site B). Logistic regression was used to model tree transitions between defoliation classes. Uniform stand structure increased the likelihood of silver fir trees transitioning to a higher defoliation class, with limited dependence on the tree crown position. In contrast, suppressed and central trees in uneven-aged stands were more likely to transition to a higher defoliation due to greater competition between them. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was found to be a significant predictor of tree transition to higher defoliation classes, with a linear trend of increasing probability with increasing DBH. Crown position and crown length were also found to be significant predictors of changing defoliation class, with observed differences between sites occurring due to differences in stand structure. To ensure a balanced stand structure and enhance tree vitality, careful consideration of easily measurable tree elements such as DBH, crown length, and tree crown position is imperative when selecting trees for felling.

Simulating Sustainable Forest Management Practices Using Crown Attributes: Insights for Araucaria angustifolia Trees in Southern Brazil

Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, commonly known as Brazilian pine, is a significant tree species in the Brazilian flora that once covered an area of 200,000 km2 in the Southern region. During the 1970s, high-quality timber logs from this conifer became the primary export product of the country. However, the species is endangered due to uncontrolled exploitation and is subject to a harvesting ban. It is crucial, therefore, to explore sustainable cultivation methods for this species, which necessitates urgent research and scientific insights. In this study, we present a simulation of a management strategy for in situ conservation by manipulating growth space and crown size dynamics. Forest inventory data and mixed forest regression equations were employed to describe the horizontal dimensions of average and maximum potential crown growth, resulting in two management scenarios. The results presented in management diagrams show that both approaches required logging numerous trees to ensure adequate space for healthy tree growth and provide soil coverage and forest protection. Therefore, the absence of effective forest management initiatives for Araucaria forests may have further implications for the structure, production, conservation, and overall development. To address these challenges, we propose two hypotheses: firstly, that tree diameter depends on crown dimensions, which are in turn influenced by tree growth space, and, secondly, that crown dimensions serve as a reliable indicator of existing competition and can be utilized to simulate forest management practices. We urge that implementing sustainable forest management initiatives for Araucaria angustifolia at selected locations can contribute to expanding natural forest areas, mitigate deterioration caused by high competition, discourage illegal logging, and prevent overexploitation of their edible seeds, which hinders regeneration. Our results underscore the significant implications of the lack of forest management initiatives in rural properties, potentially resulting in irreversible deterioration. The exact consequences of this deterioration remain unclear, emphasizing the need for further studies to understand its eventual effects on the growth reaction of trees of different diameters, ages, and crown conditions after the liberation of their crowns.

Colloidal CdSe/CdS Core/Crown Nanoplatelets for Efficient Blue Light Emission and Optical Amplification.

The application of CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) in the ultraviolet/blue region remains an open challenge due to charge trapping typically leading to limited photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PL QE) and sub-bandgap emission in core-only NPLs. Here, we synthesized 3.5 monolayer core/crown CdSe/CdS NPLs with various crown dimensions, exhibiting saturated blue emission and PL QE up to 55%. Compared to core-only NPLs, the PL intensity decays monoexponentially over two decades due to suppressed deep trapping and delayed emission. In both core-only and core/crown NPLs we observe biexciton-mediated optical gain between 470 and 510 nm, with material gain coefficients up to 7900 cm-1 and consistently lower gain thresholds in crowned NPLs. Gain lifetimes are limited to 40 ps, due to residual ultrafast trapping and higher exciton densities at threshold. Our results provide guidelines for rational optimization of thin CdSe NPLs toward lighting and light-amplification applications.

Effect of Crown Dimensions on Stress Distribution in Implant Abutment Screw: A 3D Finite Element Analysis

Effect of Crown Dimensions on Stress Distribution in Implant Abutment Screw: A 3D Finite Element Analysis

The relationship of tooth crown dimensions between first molar and central incisor in maxilla.

The purpose of this study was to investigate a correlation between the cusp dimensions of the first molar and mesiodistal crown diameters of the central incisors in the maxilla. The study materials were composed of dental casts from 29 modern Japanese female subjects with a mean age of 20years and 8months. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the maxillary central incisors were measured. The mesiodistal and bucco-lingual crown diameters and the cusp diameters of the maxillary first molars, such as the paracone, metacone, protocone, and hypocone, were also measured. The crown areas and indices of the first molars were calculated. The Spearman's single rank correlation coefficients between the mean values for the crown dimensions of the first molars and the mesiodistal crown diameters of the central incisors were calculated. The hypocone cusp diameter and the hypocone index were the largest compared to those of the paracone, protocone, and metacone cusps. The bucco-lingual diameter and hypocone cusp diameter of the first molars positively correlated with the mesiodistal crown diameters of the central incisors on the same sides. There were positive correlations between the hypocone index of the first molars and the mesiodistal crown diameters of the central incisors. Based on the results, if a large hypocone is observed in eruption of the maxillary first molars, it will be predictable that of the mesiodistal crown diameter of the maxillary central incisor large.

Fracture Resistance Evaluation and Failure Modes Rating Agreement for Two Endocrown Designs: An In Vitro Study

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance and mode of failure of endocrowns with proximal extension design compared to the conventional design, and to assess the agreement of evaluators on the failure mode. Twenty mandibular third molars free of caries with approximately similar root lengths and crown dimensions were sectioned parallel to the occlusal plane 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Then, pulp chambers and canals were accessed, cleaned, and smoothed for the path of insertion. To achieve a symmetrical pulp chamber with an average depth of 3 mm, chambers were filled with flowable resin composite. Then, teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10). The control group has all the walls at the same level. The test group had a box extension on the proximal wall 2 mm apical to the buccal and lingual wall level. Endocrowns (n = 20) of two different designs (conventional and proximal extensions) were fabricated using lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). After cementation, specimens were loaded with a round-end vertical loading tip at a rate of 0.5 mm per minute until fracture (INSTRON, Norwood, MA, USA). Then, the fractured specimens were collected for evaluation and assessment. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test (α = 0.05) for fracture test analysis and Cohen’s Kappa for inter-rater reliability. The Mann-Whitney U-test showed a non-significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.142). However, the mode of failure of the endocrown with proximal extension showed more catastrophic failures than the conventional design. Adding proximal boxes to the endocrown design did not negatively impact the fracture resistance of the restoration. Visualization of the fracture line and tracing their apical end by direct vision or other diagnostic tools is an essential part of the evaluation of failures of endocrowns. Endodontically treated molar teeth with proximal caries extension might be restored with an endocrown with proximal extension. Clinicians should take extra care when visualizing the fracture lines and tracing their apical end as it might be very misleading.

Crown Dimensions of Maxillary Molar teeth For the Adult Sudanese and their benefits

Crown Dimensions of Maxillary Molar teeth For the Adult Sudanese and their benefits

Wild boar versus domestic pig-Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars.

Based on the previously established periodicity of enamel growth marks, we reconstructed crown growth parameters of mandibular second molars from two wild boar and two domestic pigs of the Linderöd breed. Body weight gain and progression of dental development were markedly faster in the domestic pigs than the wild boar. While the final crown dimensions of the M2 did not differ between domestic pigs and wild boar, mean crown formation time (CFT) of this tooth was considerably shorter in the domestic pigs (162 days) than in the wild boar (205 days). The difference in CFT was mainly attributable to a higher enamel extension rate (EER) in the domestic pig. Generally, EER was highest in the cuspalmost deciles of the length of the enamel-dentine-junction and markedly dropped in cervical direction, with lowest values occurring in the cervicalmost decile. In consequence, the cuspal half of the M2 crown was formed about three times faster than the cervical half. In contrast to the EER, no marked difference in daily enamel secretion rate (DSR) was recorded between domestic pigs and wild boar. The duration of enamel matrix apposition as well as linear enamel thickness in corresponding crown portions was only slightly lower in the domestic pigs than the wild boar. Thus, the earlier completion of M2 crown growth in the domestic pig was mainly achieved by a higher EER and not by an increased DSR. The more rapid recruitment of secretory ameloblasts in the course of molar crown formation of domestic pigs compared to wild boar is considered a side-effect of the selection for rapid body growth during pig domestication.

Manufacturing and Characterization of Dental Crowns Made of 5-mol% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia by Digital Light Processing.

We herein report manufacturing of dental crowns made of 5-mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) with desired mechanical properties, optical translucency and dimensional accuracy using digital light processing (DLP). To this end, all processing parameters were carefully controlled and optimized. First, 5Y-PSZ particles with a bimodal distribution were prepared via calcination of as-received granules and subsequent ball-milling and then used to formulate 5Y-PSZ suspensions with a high solid loading of 50 vol% required for high densification after sintering. Dispersant content was also optimized. To provide high dimensional accuracy, initial dimensions of dental crowns for 3D printing were precisely determined by considering increase and decrease in dimensions during photopolymerization and sintering, respectively. Photopolymerization time was also optimized for a given layer thickness of 50 μm to ensure good bonding between layers. A multi-step debinding schedule with a slow heating rate was employed to avoid formation of any defects. After sintering at 1500 °C for 2 h, 5Y-PSZ could be almost fully densified without noticeable defects within layers and at interfaces between layers. They had high relative densities (99.03 ± 0.39%) with a high cubic phase content (59.1%). These characteristics allowed for achievement of reasonably high mechanical properties (flexural strength = 625.4 ± 75.5 MPa and Weibull modulus = 7.9) and % transmittance (31.4 ± 0.7%). In addition, 5Y-PSZ dental crowns showed excellent dimensional accuracy (root mean square (RMS) for marginal discrepancy = 44.4 ± 10.8 μm and RMS for internal gap = 22.8 ± 1.6 μm) evaluated by the 3D scanning technique.