Croton Oil-induced Ear Edema In Mice Research Articles

Benzobicyclic ketones, cycloheptenone oxide derivatives, guaiane-type sesquiterpenes, and alkaloids isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.

Ten previously undescribed compounds, including two benzobicyclic ketones, one cycloheptenone oxide derivative, three guaiane-type sesquiterpenes, and four alkaloids, along with one known cycloheptenone oxide derivative, were isolated from the whole plants of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, ECD spectroscopy, or X-ray diffraction analysis. Notably, benzobicyclic ketones have never been isolated from nature before. The 70% EtOH–H2O extract of T. mongolicum displayed a significant inhibitory activity (33%) against croton oil-induced mouse ear edema. The two cycloheptenone oxide derivatives exhibited anti-inflammatory activities at 10 μM and significantly reduced the nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with inhibitory rates of 26.4–64.4%.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sargassum muticum Ethanol Extract in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells and Mouse Ear Edema Models

This study investigated the effects and the anti-inflammatory activity of Sargassum muticum ethanol extract in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells and in a croton oil-induced mouse ear edema model. Pretreatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells with Sargassum muticum ethanol extract (0.1-100 μg/ml) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the Sargassum muticum ethanol extract-treated group was also suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that Sargassum muticum ethanol extract induced anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting Mitogenactivated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38) and nuclear factor kappa B, p65 phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The antiinflammatory activity of Sargassum muticum ethanol extract in vivo was evaluated in the ear edema model of a croton oil-treated mouse. Compared to the untreated control, croton oil-induced ear edema was found to be reduced by about 33 % upon treatment with 250 mg/kg Sargassum muticum ethanol extract.

Anti Inflammatory Activity of Herbal Formulation Prepared Using Mint and Green Tea

Aim: The aim of my study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of herbal formulation prepared using mint and green tea.
 Introduction: Green tea is a ‘non-fermented’ tea, and contains more catechins than black tea or oolong tea. Green tea and epigallocatechin 3-gallate, suppress the gene and/or protein expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related enzymes.Mint have a potent anti-inflammatory activity in the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema model.
 Materials and Method: Preparation of herbal formulation:
 To 100 ml of distilled water,1 g of tea leaves and 1 g of powdered mint is added .This mixture was heated for about 15-20 minutes and then filtered using filter paper.The mixture was again heated and concentrated from 70 ml to 20 ml.
 Result: At 20 μl there is 59 percent of inhibition,at 50 μl there is 90 %of inhibition ,whereas in the standard there is only 40%of inhibition .Thus as the concentration increases the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract increases.
 Conclusion: From this study we can conclude that green tea and mint have a great anti-inflammatory property.Anti-inhibitory zone ranging from 90 and is indicating that it is higher than the standard diclofenac sodium which has only 40% of inhibition.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) Ethyl Acetate Extract on Croton Oil-Induced Mouse Ear Edema

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the development of medicinal plant-based therapies to diminish the ravages of the inflammatory process related to diseases and tissue damage. Most therapeutic effects of these traditional medicinal plants are owed to their phenolic and antioxidant properties. C. aconitifolius is a traditional medicinal plant in Mexico. Previous characterization reports have stated its high nutritional and antioxidant components. The present study aimed to better understand the biological activity of C. aconitifolius in inflammation response. We developed an ethyl acetate extract of this plant to evaluate its anti-inflammatory capacity and its flavonoid content. The topical anti-inflammatory effect of the ethyl acetate extract of C. aconitifolius was determined by the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema test, while flavonoid detection and concentration were determined by thin layer chromatography and the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Topical application of the extract showed significant inhibition of the induced-ear edema (23.52 and 49.41% for 25 and 50 mg/kg dose, respectively). The extract also exhibited the presence of flavonoids. The finding of the anti-inflammatory activity exerted by the C. aconitifolius and the identification of its active principles may suggest and support its use for inflammation treatment.

Synergistic Effect of Compounds from a Chinese Herb: Compatibility and Dose Optimization of Compounds from N-Butanol Extract of Ipomoea stolonifera.

The herbal medicine Ipomoea stolonifera (I. stolonifera) has previously been shown to have considerable anti-inflammatory potential in vivo and in vitro. To establish a method for exploring the synergistic effects of multiple compounds, we study the compatibility and dose optimization of compounds isolated from n-butanol extract of I. stolonifera (BE-IS). Raw264.7 cell was treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of compounds from BE-IS, namely scopoletin, umbelliferone, esculetin, hesperetin and curcumin, using the orthogonal design, uniform design and median-effect method. To verify the best efficacy of principal constituents in vivo, the uniform design was used in the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema model. The results from LPS-induced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) show that, esculetin, curcumin and hesperetin were the principal constituents that had synergistic effects when used at the optimal ratio. Additionally, the principal constituents were found to work synergistically in the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema model at low doses. It turned out that the three experimental optimization and analysis methods (orthogonal design, uniform design and median-effect method) can be effectively used to solve both compatibility and dose optimization for combined use of multiple compounds.

Anti-inflammatory effect of a resveratrol derivative 3,4,5-trimethoxy-4′,5′-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (WL-09-5) via ROS-mediated NF-κB pathway

Inflammation derived from macrophages activation leads to various diseases. Synthetic modifications of resveratrol have been shown to have better anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, croton oil-induced mouse ear edema and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of WL-09-5, a derivative of resveratrol. Furthermore, the activation of NF-κB was determined. Results showed that WL-09-5 significantly reduced the croton oil-induced ear edema, scavenged NO and ROS production, and reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Furthermore, WL-09-5 may significantly inhibit the translocation of NF-κB in macrophage cells stimulated by LPS in a dose-dependent manner, which is a potent mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, WL-09-5 is an underlying candidate for inflammatory diseases that need further investigations.

양파껍질 열수추출물의 in vitro 및 in vivo 항염증 효과

Onion (Allium cepa) is one of the flavonoids-rich materials in human diet and onion peel, which is the onion byproducts, contains over 20 times more quercetin than the flesh. In this study, to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of onion peel hot water extract (OPHWE), the cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interluekin-6 (IL- 6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β, were measured using the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells. The Balb/c mice were used for an in vivo acute toxicity test and ICR mice were used for measurement of inhibition effects of croton oil-induced mouse ear edema. As a result, NO levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β was suppressed by 38%, 41%, and 34% respectively, compared with that of the LPS only group, without any cytotoxicity. The edema formation in the ICR mouse ear was also reduced compared to that in control. Moreover, there were no mortalities occurred in mice administered 5,000 mg/kg body weight of OPHWE. These results suggest that OPHWE has considerable anti-inflammatory activities and can be regarded as a potent candidate material to treat inflammatory diseases.

LPS로 유도된 RAW264.7 Cell과 마우스모델에 대한 잘피 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 효과

The Zostera marina ethanolic extract (ZMEE) was tested in this study to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and mouse model. Nitric oxide production and inducible nitiric oxide synthase expression in cells treated with ZMEE was reduced significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and TNF- α was inhibited markedly. In addition, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPKs was suppressed by ZMEE as well. In vivo test, ZMEE attenuated the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema and there were no mortalities in mice administered 5,000 mg/kg body weight of ZMEE during the observation periods. The results in photomicrograph of mice ear tissue showed the reduction of dermal thickness and the number of infiltrated mast cells. These results indicate that ZMEE inhibits the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, suggesting that ZMEE may be a potential material for anti-inflammatory therapies.

Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Leaf Chloroform Extract of Palisota hirsuta

Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the chloroform leaf extract of Palisota hirsuta (CLEPH). Methods: CLEPH was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using standard experimental models of inflammation namely: Croton oil-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma test. The activities of the extract at different doses were compared to indomethacin, a standard anti-inflammatory drug. Results: In all the experiments, the chloroform extract of P. hirsuta showed in a dose-dependent manner, anti-inflammatory effects which were significant (p˂0.05) and comparable to those of indomethacin. Conclusion: The results showed that CLEPH possess significant anti-inflammatory activity. This supports its use as an anti-inflammatory recipe in folk medicine. Original Research Article Kelechi and Uzoma; JAMPS, 2(2): 57-63, 2015; Article no.JAMPS.2015.008 58

Chemical Composition and Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Leaves of Mentha piperita Grown in China.

The chemical composition, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of essential oil from leaves of Mentha piperita (MEO) grown in China were investigated. Using GC-MS analysis, the chemical composition of MEO was characterized, showing that it was mainly composed of menthol, menthone and menthy acetate. MEO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities in a croton oil-induced mouse ear edema model. It could also effectively inhibit nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxic effect was assessed against four human cancer cells. MEO was found to be significantly active against human lung carcinoma SPC-A1, human leukemia K562 and human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, with an IC50 value of 10.89, 16.16 and 38.76 µg/ml, respectively. In addition, MEO had moderate antioxidant activity. The results of this study may provide an experimental basis for further systematic research, rational development and clinical utilization of peppermint resources.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Boehmeria caudata Sw. (Urticaceae) crude ethanol extract on croton oil mouse ear oedema

Many scientific reports have described the biological activity of species from Boehmeria genera (Urticaceae). Nevertheless, no studies on anti-inflammatory effect of products from this plant have been reported. Therefore, the scope of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Boehmeria caudata Sw.(BC) crude ethanol extract on croton oil-induced mouse ear oedema model. Three experiments were performed, using different treatments: oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and per topical application. In each experiment, the mice (19 – 23 g, 2 month) were randomized into the following three groups (6 mice per group): negative group (PBS); dexamethasone positive group (5 mg/kg per intraperitoneal injection, 5 mg/mL per topical application and 50 mg/Kg per oral gavage) and BC group (75 mg/Kg per intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage and 75 mg/mL per topical application). By oral gavage, dexamethasone and BC treatments inhibited ear edema by 89% and 62%, respectively. Dexamethasone and BC treatments (i.p.) reduced ear edema by 88% and 57%, respectively. Topical dexamethasone and BC treatments reduced ear edema by 89% and 41% respectively. These results show a possible anti-inflammatory effect produced by Boehmeria caudata crude extract. Further investigation will identify the active principles and determine their mechanism of action.

Anti-inflammatory activity of N-butanol extract from Ipomoea stolonifera in vivo and in vitro.

Ipomoea stolonifera (I. stolonifera) has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases including rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese traditional medicine. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of I. stolonifera has not been elucidated. For this reason, the anti-inflammatory activity of n-butanol extract of I. stolonifera (BE-IS) was evaluated in vivo by using acute models (croton oil-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, and carrageenan-induced rat pleurisy) and chronic models (cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma, and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced rat arthritis). Results indicated that oral administration of BE-IS significantly attenuated croton oil-induced ear edema, decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema, reduced carrageenan-induced exudates and cellular migration, inhibited cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation and improved CFA-induced arthritis. Preliminary mechanism studies demonstrated that BE-IS decreased the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the activity of anti-oxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in vivo, and reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. Results obtained in vivo and in vitro demonstrate that BE-IS has considerable anti-inflammatory potential, which provided experimental evidences for the traditional application of Ipomoea stolonifera in inflammatory diseases.

Topical Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Six Salvia Species Grown in Jordan

Inflammation is a host defense mechanism to get rid of injurious stimuli and to induce tissue healing process. In Jordan, Salvia species are traditionally used to treat inflammation and other ailments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of six Salvia species grown in Jordan to inhibit cutaneous inflammation. Topical anti-inflammatory activities of hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts from Salvia species aerial parts (S. ceratophylla, S. dominica, S. multicaulis, S. palaestina, S. spinosa and S. syriaca) were evaluated for the inhibition of croton oil-induced mouse ear oedema. Almost all extracts reduced oedema at the tested dose (300 µg/cm2). Hex and EtOAc extracts exhibited the best anti-inflammatory effect in a dose-dependent pattern. Dose inducing 50% oedema inhibition (ID50) in vivo was found to be in the range of 87 - 300 µg/cm2 and 47-146 µg/cm2 for Hex and EtOAc extracts, respectively. In comparison with indomethacin (ID50 96 µg/cm2), S. palaestina and S. multicaulis EtOAc extracts were two folds more potent (ID50 47 and 50 µg/cm2, respectively).Whereas, the ID50 of S. syriaca Hex extract (87µg/cm2) was comparable to that of indomethacin. In conclusion, the results illustrated that S. multicaulis, S. palaestina and S. syriaca can be regarded as promising natural sources of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of standardized pomegranate rind extract in comparison with its marker compound ellagic acid in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevanceIn Chinese traditional medicine, the peels of Punica granatum L. have been used to treat traumatic hemorrhage, burn, and ulcers. Aims of the studyThis study aimed to assess the topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a standardized pomegranate rind extract (SPRE) of which ellagic acid (EA) was the major antioxidant constituent and the marker compound. Material and methodsThe topical anti-inflammatory effects of SPRE were evaluated against acute models (croton oil-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema) and chronic model (complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced polyarthritis). The topical analgesic activities of SPRE were investigated in the rat punctuate mechanical hyperalgesia test and in the mouse formalin test. All studies of SPRE were carried out in parallel with its marker compound EA. ResultsSPRE (5%, 2.5%, and 1%, w/w) and the equivalent EA (0.65%, 0.325%, and 0.13%, w/w) dose-dependently reduced the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema with a maximal inhibition of 86.30% and 80.82%, respectively. SPRE dose-dependently attenuated the inflammatory responses in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and in the CFA-induced polyarthritis but the equivalent EA were effective only at the doses of 0.65% and 0.325%. Both SPRE (5%) and EA (0.65%) showed significant topical analgesic activities in the rat punctuate mechanical hyperalgesia test and in the mouse formalin test. ConclusionsSPRE was more active as an anti-inflammatory agent than EA. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of SPRE were achieved through inhibiting the leukocyte infiltration and modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-β and TNF-α. These results clearly demonstrated that SPRE is a promising phytomedicine that could find use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae): Potential as an antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory agent

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCombretum leprosum is a species that is popularly used in Brazil as a healing agent to treat skin problems and lesions. In this study we investigated the possible potential of this extract to treat inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin conditions. Materials and methodsClassical models of skin inflammation such as TPA- and croton oil-induced mouse ear oedema were applied in order to verify the potential topical anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract from flowers of Combretum leprosum. ResultsTopical application of ethanolic extract promoted a dose-dependent inhibition of phorbol ester-induced ear oedema, reduced myeloperoxidase activity and IL-6 tissue levels with inhibition comparable to dexamethasone (positive control). Histological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ethanolic extract also suppressed cell infiltration. Ethanolic extract altered inflammatory parameters on a chronic skin inflammation model induced by repeated applications of croton oil, decreasing ear oedema, epidermal hyperproliferation and cell infiltration. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis showed that the extract decreased PCNA expression on the epidermis. ConclusionTaken together, these results suggest that the extract from flowers of Combretum leprosum could be considered as a new potential tool for the treatment of several skin inflammatory diseases since it reversed the skin inflammatory and hyperproliferative process in a very significant manner. Further investigations are needed in order to verify the cellular mechanism and safety of Combretum leprosum extract.

Evaluation of Soybean Methanol Fraction on Acute Inflammation

Soybeans have been of interest of researchers because of the presence of isoflavones, a subclass of flavonoids, which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol fraction from soybean, which contains mainly isoflavone glucosides and malonylglucosides. The anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol fraction from soybean was studied using croton oil-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced pleurisy models. The methanol fraction inhibited the ear edema in a dose-dependent manner: 0.625 mg/kg by 44.23% (P<.05), 1.25 mg/kg by 60.68% (P<.01), and 2.5 mg/kg by 65.68% (P<.01). Myeloperoxidase enzyme activity was reduced at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (64.79%, P<.05). No effects were seen on carrageenan-induced pleurisy at different doses of the methanol fraction (100 or 400 mg/kg). These results demonstrated that the methanol fraction containing conjugated isoflavones showed topical anti-inflammatory activity. There was no acute toxicity in Swiss mice after oral administration of the fraction, at doses of 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 mg/kg.

Studies on the Methanolic Fraction of Pluchea indica on Croton Oil-induced Mouse Ear Oedema and Lipid Peroxidation

Croton oil is known to contain a potent tumour-promoting factor, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), which is responsible for generation of oxygen free radicals and in turn the free radicals lead to lipid peroxidation. Such lipid peroxidation is assumed to induce severe inflammatory changes, increased vascular permeability and generation of proinflammatory hydroperoxides. Commonly used antioxidants are known to inhibit TPA. Our earlier results obtained from studies with Pluchea indica indicated that the methanolic fraction of the root extract possess significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The present study was designed to assess the degree of inhibitory effect of P. indica on croton oil-induced mouse ear oedema, lipid hydroperoxide formation, peroxidizability of the epidermal layer and also in-vitro lipid peroxidation (using FeCl3/ADP/NADPH and CCl4 systems).

Evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Curcuma mangga Val and Zijp rhizomes

The effects of Curcuma mangga ethanolic extract (CME) and its fractions, e.g., aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions, from C. mangga rhizome were investigated on nociceptive responses using writhing, hot plate, and formalin tests in mice and inflammatory models using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and croton oil-induced mouse ear edema. The results showed that CME and all fractions (200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the number of writhings. Oral administration (p.o.) of CME, chloroform, and hexane fractions (200 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the latency time, whereas aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions were inactive. The activities of CME, chloroform, and hexane fractions were abolished by naloxone (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)). CME and all fractions at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly produced antinociception in both early and late phases of the formalin test. CME, chloroform, and hexane fractions were more prominent in licking inhibition than those of the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions. CME and all fractions (150 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant reduction of rat paw edema. The order of activity on inhibition of paw edema at 4 h was chloroform fraction > hexane fraction > ethyl acetate fraction > CME > aqueous fraction. When topically applied at 0.5 mg/ear, CME and all fractions suppressed ear edema induced by croton oil. CME and chloroform fraction showed a greater inhibition by 53.97 and 50.29%, respectively. These results suggested that CME and its fractions, especially chloroform and hexane fractions from C. mangga rhizome, possessed centrally acting analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory activities.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory kaempferol glycosides from Sedum dendroideum

Aim of the study To identify the compounds responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects previously described for Sedum dendroideum, through bioassay-guided fractionation procedures. Materials and methods Antinociceptive activity was evaluated through mouse acetic acid-induced writhing model. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed through croton oil-induced mouse ear oedema and carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Results The Sedum dendroideum juice afforded seven known flavonoids identified with basis on NMR data. The oral administration of the major kaempferol glycosides kaempferitrin [ 1] (17.29 μmol/kg), kaempferol 3- O-β-glucopyranoside-7- O-α-rhamnopyranoside [ 2] (16.82 μmol/kg), kaempferol 3- O-neohesperidoside-7- O-α-rhamnopyranoside [ 3] (13.50 μmol/kg) or α-rhamnoisorobin [ 5] (23.13 μmol/kg) inhibited by 47.3%, 25.7%, 60.2% and 58.0%, respectively, the acetic acid-induced nociception (indomethacin: 27.95 μmol/kg, p.o.; 68.9%). Flavonoids 1, 2, 3 or 5, at the same doses, reduced by 39.5%, 46.5%, 35.6% and 33.3%, respectively, the croton oil-induced oedema (dexamethasone: 5.09 μmol/kg, s.c.; 83.7%) and impaired leukocyte migration by 42.9%, 46.3%, 50.4% and 49.6%, respectively (dexamethasone: 5.09 μmol/kg, s.c.; 66.1%). Conclusions Our findings show that the major kaempferol glycosides may account for the renowned medicinal use of Sedum dendroideum against pain and inflammatory troubles.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Pterodon emarginatus stem bark alcohol extract

The tail flick, the acetic acid writhing, the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema, and carrageenan-induced peritonitis tests were used to study the anti-inflammatory effects of the alcohol extract from Pterodon emarginatus Vogel. (Leguminosae/Fabaceae) stem bark. The alcohol extract caused inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, reducing the number of leukocytes (x 107) per mL of peritoneal wash and ear edema formation. The results suggest that Pterodon emarginatus stem bark contains compounds with analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions.