Abstract
Ipomoea stolonifera (I. stolonifera) has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases including rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese traditional medicine. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of I. stolonifera has not been elucidated. For this reason, the anti-inflammatory activity of n-butanol extract of I. stolonifera (BE-IS) was evaluated in vivo by using acute models (croton oil-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, and carrageenan-induced rat pleurisy) and chronic models (cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma, and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced rat arthritis). Results indicated that oral administration of BE-IS significantly attenuated croton oil-induced ear edema, decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema, reduced carrageenan-induced exudates and cellular migration, inhibited cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation and improved CFA-induced arthritis. Preliminary mechanism studies demonstrated that BE-IS decreased the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the activity of anti-oxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in vivo, and reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. Results obtained in vivo and in vitro demonstrate that BE-IS has considerable anti-inflammatory potential, which provided experimental evidences for the traditional application of Ipomoea stolonifera in inflammatory diseases.
Highlights
The oceans have an abundance of bioactive natural products [1], many of which exhibit extraordinary chemical and structural features [2,3,4]
We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of butanol extract of I. stolonifera (BE-IS) using four in vivo animal models, that is, croton oil-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, carrageenaninduced rat pleurisy and cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma, designed for examining the vasodilatation, edema formation, exudates and cellular migration, and tissue hyperplasia, respectively [21]
Topical application of croton oil markedly elicited an inflammatory response in mice, as judged by edema formation and neutrophilic infiltration determined by the increase in the weight of the ear and in tissue MPO activity, respectively
Summary
The oceans have an abundance of bioactive natural products [1], many of which exhibit extraordinary chemical and structural features [2,3,4]. Ipomoea pes-caprae, a species in the Convolvulaceae family, is recognized to have anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity [9,10,11], and is used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat rheumatic diseases. Ipomoea stolonifera (I. stolonifera), another coastal plant belonging to the same genus as Ipomoea pes-caprae, is believed to have more potent anti-inflammatory activity, and is distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions, along dunes and coastal flats [12]. It has been used to treat inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatism and arthritis. It is especially powerful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
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