Crossover Method Research Articles

PROBLEM SOLVING IN CROSS OVER LINE BALANCING USING HHO

The assembly line is a series of workflow manufacturing structures that are still common in large scale manufacturing of sustainable items. In the unbalanced tax system, more idle time is required to complete the task; A similar hanging problem arises when the tasks are not properly planned. This article proposes a technique to the line balance problem with crossover workstations. Different techniques were developed to resolve assembly line balance troubles. Existing methods for solving the assembly line balance problem can’t be implemented to included type issues. Using the Harris Hawks optimization, improve the performance of a network-based line balancing problem. The assembly line optimization is performed using the Harris Hawks optimization cycle multipoint crossover method to acquire actual posterity and the high-quality chromosome is chosen to determine the performance of the sequential construction system.

A Design Thinking Model Based on Quantitative Electroencephalography in Social Emotional Learning for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACTTo design a social and emotional learning (SEL) skills training program for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Quantitative electroencephalography was analyzed, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses in the brain mapping performance (BMP) of children. A total of 305 participants with and without ADHD were recruited. Theta relative power was analyzed using stepwise multiple regression. Twelve brain locations were further predicted using a design thinking model to develop a reasonable prototype via crossover methods. Both strengths and weaknesses were found at the T5 and F7 brain regions in the ADHD group. The Fz region was a well‐defined predictor in both groups. The co‐predictors of both groups were F3 and F4. No comparison was suggested to enhance positive performance in either group of children. The SEL program could be designed based on a good‐fit model of the BMP of these subcomponents of primary brain functions.

THE NEW METHODOLOGY FOR VEHICULAR NETWORK WITH FUZZY TIME WINDOWS

This work proposes the new methodology for the vehicular network with fuzzy time windows. The Fuzzy technique is applied to produce an initial population and then the evolutionary algorithm is employed to improve the solution. In this work, the inter-route crossover, intra-route mutation, elitism strategy, and onlooker bee probability selection method were enhanced in the original processes of the evolutionary algorithm. The proposed algorithm is tested on 56 datasets of Solomon. The results from the proposed algorithm are shown in comparison with other algorithms in the literature. The findings from the computational results are very inspiring, it shows that the algorithm is very competitive. Comparing with the algorithm in the literature, the proposed algorithm obtains the best solution in terms of the coefficient of variation values for almost 40 instances from the 56 problem instances. In addition, the information regarding the p-value was resolved by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the considered testing instances that display statistically superior performance at the 95% significance level (α = 0.05) on comparing algorithms.

Penerapan Algoritma Genetika Pada Penentuan Lintasan Terpendek Jalur Bus Rapid Transit Makassar

Bus Rapid Transit is a bus system that is fast, convenient, safe and on time from infrastructure, vehicles, and schedules. As a graph problem, BRT representation in a graph is done by assuming the bus stop as a vertex and the distance between bus stops is an edge. The problem examined in this paper is to find out the path that passes through all the bus stops with the smallest total distance, where the trip starts and ends at the same point, and all bus stops are crossed exactly once. The method used is the Genetic Algorithm, which works using objective and fitness functions, and combines selection, crossover and mutation operators to find the best solution. Using the roulette wheel, OX crossover method and a 0.07 of the probability of mutation, the distance of traverse from and to the departure point after passing all bus stops is 19.66 km or 12.22 miles.

An Efficient Solution to Travelling Salesman Problem using Genetic Algorithm with Modified Crossover Operator

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a famous NP-hard problem in the area of combinatorial optimization. It is utilized to locate the shortest possible route that visits every city precisely once and comes back to the beginning point from a given set of cities and distance. This paper proposes an efficient and effective solution for solving such a query. A modified crossover method using Minimal Weight Variable, Order Selection Crossover operator, a modified mutation using local optimization and a modified selection method using KMST is proposed. The crossover operator (MWVOSX) chooses a particular order from multiple orders which have the minimum cost and takes the remaining from the other parent in backward and forward order. Then it creates two new offspring. Further, it selects the least weight new offspring from those two offspring. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is compared to the classical genetic algorithm. Comparisons show that our proposed algorithm provides much efficient results than the existing classical genetic algorithm.

Genetic Algorithm for Optimizing Traveling Salesman Problems with Time Windows (TSP-TW)

The concept of Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) used in the discussion of this paper is the Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows (TSP-TW), where the time variable considered is the time of availability of attractions for tourists to visit. The algorithm used for optimizing the solution of Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows (TSP-TW) is a genetic algorithm. The search for a solution for determining the best route begins with the formation of an initial population that contains a collection of individuals. Each individual has a combination of different tourist sequence. Then it is processed by genetic operators, namely crossover with Partially Mapped Crossover (PMX) method, mutation using reciprocal exchange method, and selection using ranked-based fitness method. The research method used is GRAPPLE. Based on tests conducted, the optimal generation size results obtained in solving the TSP-TW problem on the tourist route in the Province of DIY using genetic algorithms is 700, population size is 40, and the combination of crossover rate and mutation rate is 0.70 and 0.30 There is a tolerance time of 5 seconds between the process of requesting distance and travel time and the process of forming a tourist route for the genetic algorithm process.

Crossover and Mutation Strategies applied in Job Shop Scheduling Problems

This paper reviews modern genetic algorithm based approaches for solving job shop scheduling problems. This paper elaborates the types of crossover methods such as Partially Mapped crossover (PMX), Order One Crossover (OX), etc involved in Genetic Algorithm (GA) that are used for Job Shop Scheduling problems. Job Shop Scheduling represents one of the hardest combinatorial optimization problems where number of possible schedules drastically increases with the number of operations and machines. Normal crossover operators will often lead to inadmissible solution . Many specialized combining order or adjacency information from the two parents. The crossover method operators builds an offspring by choosing a subsequence of elements from one parent and preserving the order and position of as many elements as possible from the other parent. A subsequence of elements is selected by choosing two random cut points, which serve as boundaries for the swapping operations. There are few distinct mutation operators widely used for JSS problems such as swap, inversion, insertion (shift) and displacement mutation. Here some modern genetic algorithm-based approaches from the literature are also discussed as well.

Measurement analyses and evaluations of sea-level heights using the HY-2A satellite’s radar altimeter

The HY-2A satellite is China’s first independent oceanic dynamic environmental satellite, and has been operating continuously for more than six years. The satellite’s radar altimeter, which is one of the main loads on the satellite, has the ability to realize all-weather and all-day observations of global sea-surface heights, as well as significant wave heights and sea-surface wind speeds. These observed data have been widely used in marine disaster prevention and reduction, along with resource development, maritime security and other fields. In order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the multi-year overall observational performances of the HY-2A satellite’s radar altimeter, all of the observational data of the IGDR product from October 26, 2012 to August 27, 2017 were selected in this study for a comprehensive evaluation. The height measurement capability of the HY-2A satellite’s radar altimeter was evaluated using self-crossover and Jason-2 crossover methods. The height discrepancies at the self-crossover point of the HY-2A satellite’s ascending and descending orbits were also calculated. It was found that for the HY-2A satellite’s radar altimeter in global waters under the restriction conditions of ascending and descending orbits, the height anomaly differences were within a range of less than 30 cm. The absolute mean error was determined to be 5.81 cm, and the height anomaly standard deviation was 7.76 cm. Under the conditions of the observational areas being limited within a scope of 60° from the Equator, it was determined that the sea-level height anomaly differences were less than 10 cm at the junction of the ascending and descending orbits, the absolute mean error was 3.95 cm. In addition, the sea-level height anomaly standard deviation was observed to be 4.76 cm. Using a mutual cross method with the Jason-2 satellite, it was found that under the conditions of the observational area being within the scope of 66° from the equator, the height anomaly differences at the junction were less than 30 cm, and the absolute mean error of HY-2A and Jason-2 sea level height anomaly was 5.86 cm, with a standard deviation of 7.52 cm. It was observed that, if within the sea area the sea level height anomaly difference was limited to within 10 cm, then the absolute mean error and standard deviation could reach 4.19 cm and 4.98 cm, respectively. It was confirmed that the HY-2A satellite’s radar altimeter had successfully reached the height measurement level of similar international altimeters. Therefore, it had the ability to meet the needs of marine scientific research and ocean circulation inversions.

Precision and Bias Comparison Between Laser and Radar Altimetry Data in the Amundsen Sea Embayment and the Lambert-Amery System of Antarctica

This article focuses on the precision and bias of laser altimetry data [Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)] and radar altimetry data (Envisat) L2 products during the contemporary period from 2003 to 2008 in the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE) in West Antarctica (an ice loss region) and the Lambert-Amery System (LAS) in East Antarctica (an ice gain region). We used the crossover method to obtain the elevation differences between ICESat tracks, Envisat tracks, and between ICESat and Envisat tracks. The crossover points were generated and the difference of each crossover pair was calculated as raw data. The standard deviations were then computed from the raw data in a grid cell for both ICESat and Envisat. The precision of both satellites varied as a function of the surface slope in the abovementioned two regions, from 6.6 to 16.6 cm for the ICESat data and from 0.11 to 0.35 m for the Envisat data. The crossover points from ICESat-Envisat showed a mean bias of 0.55 ± 4.00 m for the ASE and 0.45 ± 0.99 m for the LAS, in accordance with the penetration depth of the radar altimetry. The relationship between the precision of the satellite measurements with the slope of the ice sheet and the ice velocity in the study area showed that the regions with gentle slopes and low velocity obtained a better precision of altimetry data.

Effect o f Crossover Probability o n Performance of Genetic Algorithm i n Scheduling o f Parallel Machines f or BI Criteria Objectives

Optimization of multi objective function gain the importance in the scheduling process. Many classical techniques are available to address the multi objective functions but the solutions yield the unsatisfactory results when the problem becomes complex and large. Evolutionary algorithm would be the solution for such problems. Genetic algorithm is adaptive heuristic search algorithms and optimization techniques that mimic the process of natural evolution. Genetic algorithms are a very effective way of obtaining a reasonable solution quickly to a complex problem. The genetic algorithm operators such as selection method, crossover method, crossover probability, mutation operators and stopping criteria have an effect on obtaining the reasonably good solution and the computational time. Partially mapped crossover operators are used to solve the problem of the traveling salesman, planning and scheduling of the machines, etc., which are having a wide range of solutions. This paper presents the effect of crossover probability on the performance of the genetic algorithm for the bi-criteria objective function to obtain the best solution in a reasonable time. The simulation on a designed genetic algorithm was conducted with a crossover probability of 0.4 to 0.95 (with a step of 0.05) and 0.97, found that results were converging for the crossover probability of 0.6 with the computational time of 3.41 seconds.

Multicenter database registry for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Japan Endoscopic Database Project

Few studies have reported on a national, population-based endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) database. Hence, in 2015, we established a multicenter ERCP database registry, the Japan Endoscopic Database (JED) Project in preparation for a nationwide endoscopic database. The objective the present study was to evaluate this registry before the establishment of a nationwide endoscopic database. From 1 January 2015 to 31 March 2017, we collected and analyzed the ERCP data of all patients who underwent ERCP in four participating centers in the JED Project based on the JED protocol. Four centers carried out 4104 ERCP on 2173 patients. Data entry of ERCP information (age, 100%; gender, 100%; American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System, 74.5%; scope, 92.7%; time to ERCP, 100%; antithrombotic drug information, 55.0%; primary selective common bile duct [CBD] cannulation methods, 73.0%; number of attempts at primary selective CBD cannulation, 67.6%; overall selective CBD cannulation methods, 68.9%; ERCP procedure time, 66.3%; fluoroscopy time, 65.1%; adverse events, 74.9%; serum amylase levels 1day post-ERCP, 36.5%) was accurately extracted from the four centers. Success rate of CBD cannulation by level of ERCP difficulty was 98.5%, 99.0%, and 96.4% in grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Complication rate by overall selective CBD cannulation method was 5.6%, 7.6%, and 10.5% in the contrast-assisted technique, guidewire-assisted technique, and cross-over method, respectively. Data from this evaluation of the JED Project, a multicenter ERCP database registry, suggest the feasibility of establishing a nationwide ERCP database and its challenges.

Numerical Comparison of some Crossover in Genetic Algorithm for Two Dimensional Global Minimization Problem using C++

In this paper we simulate the comparison of numerical results of the different crossover method in genetics algorithm for solving global minimization problem. In this paper, the objective function is for 2 two variables function. The genetics algorithm is run using C++ program and implemented to several benchmark test functions of global optimization. The performance of each crossover method is analyse according to the numerical results, which show that certain crossover method is better for certain benchmark test function.

Optimasi Beban Mengajar Dosen Pendidikan Informatika di STKIP Bumi Persada Menggunakan Algoritme Genetika

The cost of teaching lecturers is a routine activity conducted by all universities, especially the maintainers of departments in each faculty. This is done because the number of courses planned students are in every semester is always different and faced with a relatively fixed number of lecturers. Determining the teaching burden of lecturers must be done so that the teaching burden of lecturers does not exceed the maximum possible limit and the teaching process is done in accordance with the interest of lecturer study. Study Program of informatics Education High School and Educational Sciences Earth Persada Lhokseumawe still do the process of determining the teaching burden of the lecturer with the manual so that it takes a little time because it must adjust the infirmity Courses with a lecturer study interest. One of the methods of optimization that is able to solve the problem is genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm process in this research includes representation with integer numbers, crossover methods with one cut point crossover, mutation methods with Reciprocalexchange mutation and random mutation, as well as selection methods with elitism Selection. Test results that have been tested show optimal parameters i.e. population size 60, combination of CR and Mr Value respectively 0.4, Sertta generation of 3576 with the largest fitness value produced is 0.082846.

Effects of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Levels in Humans: a Randomized Crossover Trial.

Postprandial hyperglycemia is a known risk factor for the development of several health disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame), a discriminative constituent of the Japanese diet, on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels. The study was conducted using a crossover method among 26 subjects. Blood was sampled for glucose and insulin measurements at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120min after a subject consumed either 200g of rice or 200g rice with 4g of dried wakame. Blood glucose and insulin levels were significantly lower at 30min after consuming rice with wakame than after consuming rice alone. Moreover, the incremental areas under the curves for glucose and insulin were lower when wakame was included. Wakame intake can improve postprandial glucose homeostasis. Wakame intake may offer a simple behavioural strategy that can reduce glycemic excursions in prediabetes. This study was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000031050).

On the Potential of Sentinel-1 for High Resolution Monitoring of Water Table Dynamics in Grasslands on Organic Soils

For soils with shallow groundwater and high organic carbon content, water table depth (WTD) is a key parameter to describe their hydrologic state and to estimate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Since the microwave backscatter coefficient (σ0) is sensitive to soil moisture, the application of Sentinel-1 satellite data might support the monitoring of these climate-relevant soils at high spatial resolution (~100 m) by detecting spatial and temporal changes in local field and water management. Despite the low penetration depth of the C-band, σ0 is influenced by shallow WTD fluctuations via the soil hydraulic connection between the water table and surface soil. Here, we analyzed σ0 at 60 monitoring wells in a drained temperate peatland with degraded organic soils used as extensive grassland. We evaluated temporal Spearman correlation coefficients between σ0 and WTD considering the soil and vegetation information. To account for the effects of seasonal vegetation changes, we used the cross-over (incidence) angle method. Climatologies of the slope of the incidence angle dependency derived from two years of Sentinel-1 data and their application to the cross-over angle method did improve correlations, though the effect was minor. Overall, averaged over all sites, a temporal Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.45 (±0.17) was obtained. The loss of correlation during summer (higher vegetation, deeper WTD) and the effects of cuts and grazing are discussed. The site-specific general wetness level, described by the mean WTD of each site was shown to be a major factor controlling the strength of the correlation. Mean WTD deeper than about −0.60 m lowered the correlations across sites, which might indicate an important limit of the application.

Resource allocation based on hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization for D2D multicast communications

Device-to-Device (D2D) multicast communication is a new technology of the fifth-generation networks (5G) for efficiently coping with the ever-increasing demand for content sharing among users. In fact, it enables direct communication between devices in proximity and improves spectral efficiency by reusing a licensed cellular spectrum. The existing related studies show that D2D communications increase network capacity and reduce latency. Nevertheless, the interference management should be carried out in a coordinated manner in order to realize the full potential of this technology and enable its integration into the cellular architecture. We consider the joint uplink subcarrier allocation and power control in D2D underlying cellular networks. In single rate multicast communications, the achieved data rate is greatly limited by the nodes with low channel quality. In this article, we formulate the resource allocation as a max–min optimization problem. Such an optimization problem is in general an NP-hard combinatorial problem and its solution typically requires searching enormous search trees. We propose a multicast schemes based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO). We implemented 8 different transfer functions combined with 2 update position strategies in order to assess the performance of BPSO. For the GA, we implemented Uniform and Multipoint crossover methods combined with Roulette Wheel and Tournament selectors. In addition to providing a deep understanding of the algorithm behavior, we present numerical results that demonstrates that GA outperforms BPSO in terms of minimum achieved data rate when the pressure of infeasibility is high.

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE SPECIALIZED ALPHA MALE GENETIC ALGORITHM WITH SOME EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS

Alfa erkek genetik algoritmalar cinsiyet farkı gözeten ve hayvan gruplarının hareketlerini taklit eden topluluk tabanlı bir optimizasyon aracıdır. Algoritma, dişilerin eş seçimi ile oluşturduğu sosyal olarak bölünmüş birey topluluklarına dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada, Alfa Erkek Genetik Algoritma’nın çaprazlama ve hibritleşme operatörü olarak sırasıyla Doğrusal Çaprazlama ve Hooke-Jeeves yöntemi kullanılması önerilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında özelleştirilmiş algoritma ile Genetik Algoritmalar, Diferansiyel Evrim, Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu ve Yapay Arı Kolonisi Optimizasyonu gibi iyi bilinen algoritmalar arasındaki performans farklılıklarını ortaya çıkarabilmek için bilinen test fonksiyonları ile bir simülasyon çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçları, özelleştirilmiş algoritmanın çoğu durumda daha iyi performans sergilediğini göstermiştir.

Temperature dependence of relaxation time of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution for enhanced oil recovery

Among enhanced oil recovery (EOR) polymers that are now commercial, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the most commonly used polymer. The relaxation time, which is a key parameter describing the shear-thickening behavior of HPAM polymer solutions, was experimentally measured and quantitatively analyzed. From dynamic frequency sweep tests, the elastic modulus and viscous modulus of various polymer solutions (polymer concentration 500–3000ppm, NaCl salinity 1000–10,000ppm) were measured as a function of temperature (25–70℃), where the cross-over method was carried out to obtain the relaxation time. The two parameters in the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation for polymer melts, which describe the temperature effect on relaxation time, were calculated by fitting the measured relaxation time; the first parameter is universally constant, the second parameter depends on conditions of the polymer solution (polymer concentration and salinity). The estimated relaxation times using this proposed method matched well with the measured relaxation time with a root mean square error of 0.1261s.

Rheological Study on the Thermoreversible Gelation of Stereo-Controlled Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) in an Imidazolium Ionic Liquid.

The thermoreversible sol-gel transition for an ionic liquid (IL) solution of isotactic-rich poly (N-isopropylacrylamides) (PNIPAMs) is investigated by rheological technique. The meso-diad content of PNIPAMs ranges between 47% and 79%, and molecular weight (Mn) is ~35,000 and ~70,000 g/mol for two series of samples. PNIPAMs are soluble in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([BMIM][TFSI]) at high temperatures but undergo a gelation with decreasing temperatures. The transition temperature determined from G’-G” crossover increases with isotacticity, consistent with the previous cloud-point result at the same scanning rate, indicating imide groups along the same side of backbones are prone to be aggregated for formation of a gel. The transition point based on Winter-Chambon criterion is on average higher than that of the G’-G” crossover method and is insensitive to tacticity and molecular weight, since it correlates with percolation of globules rather than the further formation of elastic network (G’ > G”). For the first time, the phase diagram composed of both G’-G” crossover points for gelation and cloud points is established in PNIPAM/IL mixtures. For low-Mn PNIPAMs, the crossover-point line intersects the cloud-point line. Hence, from solution to opaque gel, the sample will experience two different transitional phases, either clear gel or opaque sol. A clear gel is formed due to partial phase separation of isotactic segments that could act as junctions of network. However, when the partial phase separation is not faster than the formation of globules, an opaque sol will be formed. For high-Mn PNIPAMs, crossover points are below cloud points at all concentrations, so their gelation only follows the opaque sol route. Such phase diagram is attributed to the poorer solubility of high-Mn polymers for entropic reasons. The phase diagram composed of Winter-Chambon melting points, crossover points for melting, and clear points is similar with the gelation phase diagram, confirming the mechanism above.

Tidal Correlation using Altimetry Satellite

Tides data is strongly needed especially on Indonesian Coastal Environment mapping to achieve its accuracy. Usually, tides data derived from direct or indirect measurement. From palm observation, the tides data collected directly. Indirect measurement takes the advantages of altimetry satellite, where tides data collection carried in a shorter time and large area. In the supremacy of using altimetry satellite, we could obtain tides information not only in coastal but also in open waters. Study of altimetry data is required to prove whether tides components resulted represent real tides condition in coastal or vice versa. Finding out the linkage between tidal components resulted from Jason-1 altimetry satellite became the aim of this paper. Cross-over analysis method ran to examine the linkage between each tidal constituent. The tidal correlation value determined the accuracy of amplitude result from altimetry satellite. Gaussian Distribution played a role in determining the status of cross-over point data. The amplitude will point whether the cross-over point will continue to involve in tidal amplitude gridding process. The higher value of cross-over amplitude related to influence subsists between tides components in which the emerging values do not represent each tidal constituent itself.