Cross-sectoral Cooperation Research Articles

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Di Desa Panji Kecamatan Sukasada Kabupaten Buleleng

Abstract : The number of dengue cases in Buleleng Regency has increased in 2019 from IR 19,6 to 249,5 per 100.000 population. In the last 5 years, Puskesmas Sukasada I has always been in the top 3 position. The village of Panji experienced an increase in dengue cases from 0 to 50 cases in 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the incidence of dengue in Panji Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency. The study design using the case control approach was carried out in May 2020. Data used from the results of interviews and observations. From the results of statistical tests with Chi Square from 88 respondents it can be concluded about factors that are significantly related to the incidence of DHF including the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae, the habit of using anti-mosquito repellent, eradication of mosquito nests with 3M plus and the habit of hanging clothes with a value of p 0,05. Respondents' knowledge about DHF is not significantly related to the incidence of DHF. Community participation and cross-sectoral cooperation are needed in the implementation of the DHF PSN to create a larva free village as a way to prevent the transmission of DHF.

Studi Kualitatif Implementasi Kebijakan Eliminasi Malaria di Wilayah Endemis Rendah Kabupaten Pangandaran dan Pandeglang

The government targets malaria elimination in Java and Bali by 2023. But until 2020, Pangandaran and Pandeglang Regency haven’t received malaria-free certification. This qualitative study was conducted to provide an overview of Pangandaran and Pandeglang malaria control implementation by comparing it to Activity Indicators based on the Indonesian Minister of Health Decree on malaria elimination. In-depth interviews, using thematically interview guidelines, were conducted to 48 key informants such as policyholders and people in charge of health programs and cross-sectoral at the provincial, district, sub-district, and village levels. Thematic analysis was used in the theme of policy implementation, budget, facilities and infrastructures, human resources, and cross-sector cooperation. The result shows that malaria control is implemented according to the decree, but some activities haven’t been done. The analysis on policy implementation theme shows that both districts have carried out according to the guidelines, with innovation in the form of establishing Posmaldes (village malaria post) in Ujung Kulon National Park in Pandeglang. APBD, APBN, and Global Fund are used as budget sources. Both districts stated that facilities and infrastructures are sufficiently available, but there is a lack in human resources’ quantity and varying degrees of competencies. There is also a lack of cross-sector cooperation because malaria control hasn’t become a priority in those sectors and they are only acting as supports to the health sector. Efforts to control malaria are considered less optimal due to the absence of malaria elimination regulations, varied human resource capabilities, and the limitation in the duties and functions of cross-sectors.

Augmenting awareness on sustainability of cross-sectoral cooperation

It is recognized that health care is an evolving complex adaptive system that requires structural, economic, and organizational resources. Further, its sustainability raises many concerns as sustainability in cooperation of health-promotion is frequently demanded but seldom analysed. Bearing in mind how today's challenges of epidemic, climate changes affect health care systems it evidences the difficulty to plan and predict its positive, smooth evolutionary process. Moreover, the fluctuating, unstable economic status in countries also contributes and augment unpredictability of such system. These instabilities can lead to the disintegration or even collapse of a number of health promotion structures operating in each country. In order to minimize the impact of such events as pandemics, or smoothen cooperation process in general, it is expedient to better understand the possible dynamic stabilizing factors. The first necessity here could be an in-depth case study of cross-sectoral cooperation and self-analysis to organize stabilizing feedback chains to help increase the sustainability of health promotion or health systems in general. In all sense, sustainability research is multidisciplinary; i.e., it addresses the real-life problem such as improved cooperation in health promotion as a way of sustainable financing, which request the complex adaptive systems approach application. Multidisciplinary approach enables people from different disciplines work together, each drawing on their disciplinary knowledge, to create something better.

One Year with the COVID-19 Pandemic - Lessons Learnt? Intersectoral Collaboration Measures Established during the Crisis Could Benefit Capacity and Patient Flow Management in Daily Clinical Practice

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way hospitals work. Some of the urgently established measures have proven to be so useful that they should be adopted in standard care. Recent research has assessed patient management, human resource planning and communication measures in terms of their impact and practicality for continuation in daily clinical practice. Strategies that were detached from the boundaries of departments and responsibilities in the COVID-19 pandemic and that have proven themselves under extreme conditions show a beneficial influence on patient flow and resource management as well as on the communication culture. The continuation of closer interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral cooperation in a “new clinical routine” could have a positive impact on personnel concepts, communication strategies, acute care capacities and the management of patient pathways.

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence Education on the Prevention of Adolescent Delinquency in Indonesia

Objective: The research objective was to determine the differences in the emotional intelligence level of vocational school (VHS) students before and after being given education on adolescent delinquency prevention in Gowa, South Sulawesi Province, and Gorontalo, Gorontalo Province. Method: Pre Experiment research method with Two Group Pre Test and Post Test Control Design. Sampling with purposive sampling with a total number of respondents 110 people. Data collection used a questionnaire to measure emotional intelligence and identify the form of adolescent delinquency using a Likert scale, data analysis using Wilcoxon analysis to see the level of emotional intelligence before education, and Mann-Whitney analysis test, after education. Result: The results showed that there were differences before and after education in VHS Gowa students, but there was no difference in emotional intelligence before and after education on VHS Gorontalo students, there was no difference in Emotional Intelligence between the intervention and control groups before and after education and there was no difference. student delinquency both in the intervention group and control group before and after emotional intelligence education. Conclusion: The recommendations that can be given are the importance of parental supervision of students, especially in choosing friends to do activities outside the home, and cross-sectoral cooperation is needed in promotive and preventive efforts supervision and control of all forms of adolescent or student delinquency.

Inter-Regional Cooperation (KAD) based institution in the tourism sector in Madura

This study aims to analyze the Inter-Regional Cooperation (KAD) institution in the tourism sector in Madura to support Presidential Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning the DEWI CEMARA program (Tourism Village with Smart, Independent, and Prosperous Communities). This qualitative research has used the triangulation method for data collection. This study shows great potentials have supported tourism development in Madura; yet, they have complex problems. This problem has led to the establishment of the KAD in the tourism sector in Madura, whose aim is to exploit the regional potential and overcome tourism problems collectively using mutual benefit principles. From 2017 to the present, these objectives have not been achieved due to the following reasons: (1) KAD has not been supported by the commitment of regional heads who are willing to facilitate cross-sector and cross-regional cooperation and resources; (2) KAD has not been supported by cross-sectoral and cross-regional planning documents; (3) no good cooperation occurs among the government, the private sector and the community; and (4) moral hazard such as egoistic/opportunistic, free riders, and tragedy of common are still obviously seen

China’s long march towards the twin peaks model of financial regulation

ABSTRACT This article traces the evolution of China’s financial regulatory system, and its trend towards what could be referred to as a ‘quasi-Twin Peaks’ model. It then outlines the ongoing challenges with the current sector-based framework, including regulatory competition, regulatory arbitrage and inconsistent regulatory mandates. It then proposes a pathway by which China could adopt a true Twin Peaks model. Finally, the article outlines recent developments in consumer protection, and draws parallel with developments in two Twin Peaks jurisdictions: the UK and South Africa. The article concludes by arguing that the adoption of an overarching framework for consumer protection in banking products and payment services underscores the need for a unified framework that applies to all products and services in the financial sector, including those administered by the CSRC in the securities sector. It also highlights the benefits of separating market conduct and consumer protection regulation, from macro-prudential and micro-prudential regulation, and provides additional support for the argument that the ultimate destination to which China should march, is the Twin Peaks model of financial regulation. This would be in line with the emerging direction of China’s regulatory agency reform, and would better accommodate ongoing financial innovation and cross-sector cooperation and integration.

Innovations in Research as a Result of Cross-sectoral Cooperation at Recycling Facilities

Innovations in Research as a Result of Cross-sectoral Cooperation at Recycling Facilities

Investigating the status of Health System Cooperation with City Councils and Municipalities in Iran (Documents’ Analysis)

Background: The existence of partnerships between the health system and other organizations, especially city councils and municipalities, which have inherent and legal duties in this regard, is of particular importance in the promotion of public health. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the status of Health System cooperation with City councils and municipalities in Iran based on rules and documents. Methods: Altheide’s document analysis model (sample selection, data collection, data organization, data analysis, and reporting) was used to prepare and analyze the documents pertaining to the status of Health System cooperation with city councils and municipalities. The documents were classified at three levels of national rules, policies, and guidelines; Ministry of Health (MOH) and city council approvals; and eventually Tehran municipality’s measures. Results: A total of 78 documents were analyzed, including 17 documents at the level of national rules, policies, and guidelines; 8 documents at the level of Ministry of Health and city council approvals; and 53 documents at the level of municipality’s measures. Conclusion: There are adequate legal capacities for designing, planning, executing, as well as creating interaction and cooperation between the health system and other organizations, especially city councils and municipalities. Moreover, the motives behind creating purposeful and scheduled cooperation and participation are evident among the officials of the health system and city councils and municipalities. Some mechanisms have been established for cross-sectoral cooperation between the health system and other health-related bodies. Nonetheless, these structures lack the necessary competence, appropriateness, and adequacy to create the desired partnership. Moreover, sufficient attention is not devoted to existing capacities in municipalities and the city council. Accordingly, it is necessary to have a fundamental review on the available structures and enough attention has to be paid to the evident and hidden legal capacities in city councils and municipalities, as well as the Ministry of Health, to design an appropriate structure, create competent interaction, and provide more cooperation between the two organizations.

Infrastructure of animal farms: key constructional elements in terms of biosecurity based on experience from Germany

The infrastructural design of an animal farm can significantly motivate or discourage adopting biosecurity measures in the daily routines. Proper planning and collaboration between architects, farmers and veterinarians is critical in the prevention of serious biosecurity issues, possible financial and animal losses. The consistent use of a uniform nomenclature that encompasses both, construction-functional and veterinary-epidemiological terms is therefore essential. We developed a conceptual framework for key constructional elements in terms of biosecurity and characterize key concepts from both disciplines, architecture and veterinary epidemiology. From an epidemiological point of view, we focus on pathogens and vectors, and from a constructional perspective on biosecurity areas, barriers and locks. The central aspect of the framework is the capability of barriers and locks to prevent (uncontrolled) movement of vectors between different biosecurity areas, thus interrupting pathways of pathogen transmission. Concepts are abstracted and aggregated in such a way that they can be applied to any animal husbandry system, regardless of species or size, and independently of a particular disease. The aim is providing a common basis of terminology that facilitates cross-sectoral cooperation.

Implementasi Program Penanggulangan TB Paru dengan Strategi Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse di Puskesmas Panyabungan Jae Kabupaten Mandailing Natal

TB cases in Southeast Asia contribute 40% of the world's TB cases and causes the highest mortality in Indonesia. Panyabungan Jae Health Center (PJHC) itself has the highest number of TB cases in Mandailing Natal Regency. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the implementation of the TB Control Program with the Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse Strategy (DOTS) at PJHC.Qualitative methods with descriptive approach was used for this research. In-depth interviews was conducted with 5 informants in July 2020. The data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The research found that communication between the TB program officer and the DOTS strategy worked well in the PJHC as well as the disposition, resources and bureaucratic structures. Political commitment in the DOTS strategy with cross-sectoral cooperation has an important influence in the handling of TB cases,however village authorities have not played a role in efforts to reduce for number of TB cases. The patients had lack of understanding about TB and some localshad views TB as a disease caused by poison becomes an obstacle in treating patients. TB prevention with the DOTS strategy at the PJHC runs according to standard guidelines, and complemented by the Puskesmas innovation "Tor Tor Libas TB".The MNDHO officersare advised to collaborate with entire stakeholders in overcoming TB by strengthening education in the form of routine counseling to increase public knowledge about TB

The Relationship between Government and Civil Society in the Era of COVID-19

Abstract COVID-19 created an extraordinary social situation in which governments struggle to mitigate the harmful consequences of the pandemic. Challenging times show a society’s resilience and capacity for solidarity and cohesion, the government’s ability to deal with emergencies effectively, the stability and inclusiveness of political systems, and their aptitude to respect democratic values. It is particularly important to examine this period from the point of view of civil society and civil society organizations (CSOs), since civil society plays a pivotal role in the alleviation and dissipation of societal troubles associated with the epidemic, indeed a vital role in curbing the virus. The civil sector’s strength and resilience too is tested. As the studies in this Special Issue show, exploiting the potential of civil society was an option that only some countries have been able to seize - as a result of which they have effectively reduced the consequences of the calamity while increasing a sense of solidarity and belonging in their societies. Others, however, failed to recognize the importance of civil society and interpreted the situation as a “single-actor play on stage”. Neither solidarity nor cohesion play out as values in these latter cases; instead the single actor – government – grabs the opportunity to play the role of the heroic savior and the exclusive problem solver, grabbing for itself both symbolic gains and increasing concentration of power. Citizens are expected to trust no one or no organization except the charismatic leader (or party). Thereby is forged a vertical and hierarchical chain of control, rather than a horizontally linked network of trust and cooperation. The studies and commentaries in this issue cover nine countries located on an imaginary line beginning in the United Kingdom, and extending through Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey, Israel, India, China and South Korea, representing various socio-political and economic systems. Embedded in elaborated theoretical understandings, this introductory essay examines the research articles of this Special Issue in which authors unfold the dynamics of CSO-government relations in the context of the world pandemic. These accounts sharpen our understanding of the preexisting shape of government–CSO relations. The introduction places the countries on a scale which classifies them according to the characteristics of civil society–government relations unfolding during the pandemic. One of the endpoints is represented by those countries where the CSO’s creative and constructive responses to the social challenges were prevented or blocked by the government. In this setup, CSOs were ignored at best, and restrictions undercut their abilities to contribute to the process of mitigating the pandemic and its consequences. Meanwhile, at the opposite end of this scale, are countries where the government, both central and local, invited civil society partners in the response to COVID-19, orchestrated high-quality and multilevel cross-sectoral cooperation, and provided partners with the necessary (financial) resources. In those cases, CSOs were empowered effectively to participate in a process designed to address the epidemic and its consequences in accordance with principles of participatory democracy.

Synergies between local and climate-driven impacts on coral reefs in the Tropical Pacific: A review of issues and adaptation opportunities

Coral reefs in the tropical Pacific region are exposed to a range of anthropogenic local pressures. Climate change is exacerbating local impacts, causing unprecedented declines in coral reef habitats and bringing negative socio-economic consequences to Pacific communities who depend heavily on coral reefs for food, income and livelihoods. Continued increases in greenhouse gas emissions will drive future climate change, which will accelerate coral reef degradation. Traditional systems of resource governance in Pacific island nations provide a foundation to address local pressures and build reef resilience to climate change. Management and adaptation options should build on the regional diversity of governance systems and traditional knowledge to support community-based initiatives and cross-sectoral cooperation to address local pressures and minimize climate change impacts. Such an inclusive approach will offer enhanced opportunities to develop and implement transformative adaptation solutions, particularly in remote and regional areas where centralized management does not extend.

Expert Views on the Future Development of Biogas Business Branch in Germany, The Netherlands, and Finland until 2030

To be able to meet the European Union’s energy and climate targets for 2030, all member states need to rethink their energy production and use. One potential renewable energy source is biogas. Its role has been relatively small compared to other energy sources, but it could have a more central role to solve some specific challenges, e.g., to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from traffic, or to act as a buffer to balance electricity production with consumption. This research analyses how the future of the biogas business in three case study countries is developing until 2030. The study is based on experts’ views within the biogas business branch in Germany, The Netherlands, and Finland. Both similarities and differences were found among the experts’ answers, which reflected also the current policies in different countries. The role of biogas was seen much wider than just to provide renewable energy, but also to decrease emissions from agriculture and close loops in a circular economy. However, the future of the biogas branch is much dependent on political decisions. To be able to show the full potential of biogas technology for society, stable and predictable energy policy and cross-sector co-operation are needed.

Policy and political consequences of mandatory climate impact assessments: an explorative study of German cities and municipalities

ABSTRACT Since May 2019, several German cities and municipalities have declared a ‘climate emergency’, an action which makes climate impact assessments mandatory for all projects or policy proposals. How have the processes in the local governments changed in response to the emergency status? How have the processes in the city and municipal councils changed? And how, if at all, has the relationship between elected politicians (who make up the city and municipal councils) and bureaucrats (who make up the local government) changed? Based on 13 interviews carried out with representatives of city and municipal councils and local governments, we show, first, that local governments expect a higher workload and to spend more time on cross-sectoral coordination and cooperation. Second, the issue of climate change is now part of the political agenda in the local councils. Third, the administrative actors are now in a stronger position vis-à-vis the political ones as they can de facto veto projects or policies. Overall, we conclude that local-level climate politics has changed following the declaration of the emergency status; however, the design of the corresponding policies has not changed to reflect the cross-sectoral character of responses to climate change.

Drug Safety Governance: Framework and Development Path

Objective: The necessity of shifting from management to governance of drug safety has gained a wide consensus in both academic and practical circles, but how to act and develop has not been adequately discussed and become a key issue that needs to be addressed nowadays. This article combines the theoretical essence of governance to establish an analytical framework of “initial conditions-joint action-governance effectiveness” based on governance theory to analyze and explain the connotation and mechanism of cross-sector cooperative governance of drug safety. Methods: The essence of governance lies in the creation of joint action capabilities through cross-sector cooperation, as well as the construction of a national drug safety governance action framework of “3 stages + 1 incubation period”. This article analyzes the connotation of each stage and possible problems or obstacles. Results: Three deep-seated challenges stem from the lack of information sharing, resource action sharing, and power sharing. Conclusion: In order to improve the modernization construction of China’s drug safety governance system and capacity, it is recommended to continuously improve Chinese drug safety governance in terms of governance norms, communication mechanisms, capacity development, and cross-sector coordination based on a holistic perspective.

Developing and Testing an Instrument to Evaluate Integration in Health Care

The aim of this study is to identify the attributes of integration in health care and to build a cluster of indicators to assess the degree of integration based on the elements diagnosed. The study adopted a qualitative mixed-method approach to collect data. First, two rounds of a Delphi study involving health care experts were conducted. Next, an individual in-depth interview (IDI) with the manager of a selected health care network was performed. Our findings suggest that quality-oriented health care integration can be described by nine clusters of indicators: Formal integration, Information integration, Supporting the patients and their environment, Clinical decision support, Patient-centred care, Managing the patient’s "treatment pathway", Cross-sectoral cooperation, Coordination of activities, and Soft elements fostering trust and commitment.The proposed framework can be used to evaluate the stage of the integration of health care programmes. Therefore, it can be treated as a methodical background for decision support systems (DSS) in health care settings. Moreover, it could be helpful in assessing the quality orientation of health care entities and networks, especially as regards the issues of chronic patients. To the author’s best knowledge, the present study is the first empirical research into the indicators of quality-oriented health care in Poland.

Смартспеціалізація європейських регіонів – лідерів у сфері інновацій: систематизація підходів

The article is aimed at analyzing and systematizing the approaches to determining the smart priorities of the regions of the European Union, which are leaders in innovative development, to develop recommendations for improving the process of formation of regional strategies for smart specialization in Ukraine. Smart priorities of the top 10 innovatively active regions of the EU according to the Regional Innovation Board were studied using the information provided by the European platform for smart specialization. Certain methodological problems and limitations for the analysis of regional smart specializations related to certain changes in the NUTS classification and different periods of adoption of regional strategies are identified. It is noted that smart priorities in many regions are based on the innovative development of traditional types of economic activity. It is displayed that the processing industry is most involved in the formation of regional smart specializations, also widely involved are the sectors of scientific-technical activities, information and telecommunications, transportation, and education. It is defined that a large proportion of priorities are of complex nature. This is connected with the cross-sectoral cooperation, as well as the use of horizontal-type instruments (digitalization, increasing the value of knowledge, spread of advanced technologies, focusing on the Sustainable Development Goals, social innovations). It is emphasized that the leading regions most often choose digital transformation, sustainable innovations and KETs for the goals of their smart specialization policies. The strategy of smart specialization of the Western Netherlands, which is the result of the collaboration of a number of research institutions, public and private companies and local authorities, is considered. It is concluded that when determining the priorities of Ukrainian regions, it is necessary to focus on the fore-mentioned EU goals and deepen the analysis of scientific-technological specializations of territories, as well as to formalize the role of science and education in regional strategies of smart specialization.

The Role of Cultural and Creative Industries Sector for Post-COVID Recovery

Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) have been intensively studied within the last decades due to their high economic growth potential and positive impact on innovation. In recent years, research shows increasing efforts to unfold CCIs’ potential for innovation partnerships in cross-sectoral cooperation with traditional companies. This classical role of CCI has been discussed in the new context in the frame of COVID-19. Here, the CCI sector itself had to find other channels to meet their clients, but besides that, an extended role of the CCI sector for post-COVID recovery is debated by several key players, including OECD. The paper analyses the current socio-economic situation that is still shadowed by the ongoing COVID pandemic and discusses sustainable and inclusive growth paths of a post-COVID recovery driven by creativity concepts. The Baltic Sea Region (BSR) as the first macro-region with its own macro-regional strategy and its strong innovation power, domination of SME sector, low population density, its heterogeneous business structures resulting from its characteristic mixture of old and new EU Member States can be considered as a test lab for the whole Europe. From the CCI perspective, its long Hanse history that generated a common Baltic identity opens the opportunity to deploy common cultural approaches for successful inter-cultural recovery concepts.

Naučnici i kulturna diplomatija Srbije

Based on a research study (Questionnaire Scientists and Cultural (Scientific) Diplomacy of Serbia, conducted among employees in research, scientific and teaching positions at faculties and institutes in the Republic of Serbia from November 1-15, 2021), analysis of available documents of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, as well as literature, the paper analyzes the place and the role of scientists (scholars) in the cultural (scientific) diplomacy of Serbia. Recalling the historical significance of scientists in the political and social development of Serbia since the beginning of building a modern Serbian statehood, the place of scientists in society is emphasized and the possibilities to apply good examples in the present are analyzed as well. Based on data on the participation of Serbian scientists in international projects and networking with scientists in Europe and the world, the paper will provide recommendations for better use of these ties in (re)positioning Serbia in bilateral and multilateral relations. The paper presents current attitude of scientists in Serbia on the need and importance of cultural (scientific) diplomacy to answer the following questions: How many of them participated in cultural-diplomatic actions? Do they perceive themselves as actors of cultural (scientific) diplomacy? In what ways Serbian cultural diplomacy can be organized? Finally, this paper, in addition to analyzing the possibilities and scope of engaging scientists to promote Serbia and its interests in international relations, also gives specific recommendations for strengthening and developing cultural diplomacy of Serbia. International projects, conferences, guest appearances and study stays are an excellent training ground for improving and presenting results, as well for establishing contacts and connections, but they also can and must be developed into a powerful tool of Serbian public diplomacy. The results of this research showed that a significant part of Serbian scientists have a clear awareness of their role in scientific and cultural exchange, as well as that they have a desire to participate in it. This, along with the scientific elite of this country in the diaspora, is a huge untapped potential of Serbia. This potential has to be systematically organized and shaped in accordance with the goals of Serbian diplomacy. It is very important that actors of cultural (scientific) diplomacy and useful individuals be recognized and financially supported, which should be followed by better coordination design of activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development. Cross-sectoral cooperation can be strengthened through joint coordination bodies or by building a system of institutions that would deal with: (additional) education of new staff (master studies, specialized courses in cultural and scientific diplomacy), lifelong learning of existing staff in diplomacy or recruitment of experts in certain fields, with a single list (base) of potential experts, who would create proposals for the development of diplomatic strategies and / or, if necessary, be sent abroad for longer or shorter missions.