Cross-sectional Electron Research Articles

Double Differential Cross Section Measurements for the Angular Distribution of Secondary Electrons in Electron-Nitrous Oxide Collisions

Abstract Gaining insight into the interaction of charged particles with nitrous oxide (N2O) is crucial for advancing our understanding of atmospheric processes and the environmental impacts of N2O. N2O plays a pivotal role in climate change, specifically contributing to global warming in the troposphere and ozone depletion in the stratosphere. In addition, it is of great importance in the fields of plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, laser physics, and medicine. The cross sectional data obtained from collision studies provide fundamental information about the dynamics involved in the few-body system under investigation. This paper presents electron impact double differential cross sections (DDCSs) for secondary electrons emitted from N2O molecules. The measurements were conducted within fixed incident electron energy ranges of 50-350 eV, covering emission angles between 30° and 130°. Notably, a forward-backward angular asymmetry has been observed in the angular distribution of the DDCS for the detected electrons.

Effects of Doping on Elastic Strain in Crystalline Ge-Sb-Te.

Phase-change random access memory (PcRAM) faces significant challenges due to the inherent instability of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). While doping has emerged as an effective method for amorphous stabilization, understanding the precise mechanisms of structural modification and their impact on material stability remains a critical challenge. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of elastic strain and stress in crystalline lattices induced by various dopants (C, N, and Al) through systematic measurements of film thickness changes during crystallization. Through detailed analysis of cross-sectional electron microscopy data and theoretical calculations, we reveal distinct behavior patterns between interstitial and substitutional dopants. Interstitial dopants (C and N) generate substantial elastic strain energy (~9 J/g) due to their smaller atomic radii (0.07-0.08 nm) and ability to occupy spaces between lattice sites. In contrast, substitutional dopants (Al) produce lower strain energy (~5 J/g) due to their similar atomic radius (0.14 nm) to host atoms. We demonstrate that N doping achieves higher elastic strain energy compared to C doping, attributed to its preferential formation of Ge-N bonds and resulting lattice distortions. The correlation between dopant properties, structural features, and induced strain energy provides quantitative insights for optimizing dopant selection. These findings establish a fundamental framework for understanding dopant-induced thermodynamic stabilization in GST materials, offering practical guidelines for enhancing the reliability and performance of next-generation PcRAM devices.

Study of the structure of atomics by the method of electron scattering in the distorted-wave approximation: Atomic energy

Using distorted-wave approximation obtained the differential cross-section (DCS) of elastic scattering at energy of 80 eV of electrons on 49In, 31Ga, 34Se and 70Yb atoms, and calculated accordingly on the proposed mathematical method. The electron density distribution in the atom is chosen as a function calculated in the Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater approximation, which is a superposition of the spherically symmetric Yukawa potential. In addition, the DCSs were calculated for the electron density in the 49 In and 20 Ca atoms expressed as a three-parameter Fermi function at incident electron energy of 100 eV. The obtained theoretical calculations of the cross sections were compared with the experimental data. Besides, the proposed mathematical method simplifies the calculation of integral expressions and makes it possible to obtain a convenient and simple expression for the atomic form factor. Data on the scattering cross sections of electrons on atoms are of considerable interest both in the field of fundamental science for in-depth study of interaction processes and in practical applications, and are necessary in many areas of research, such as modeling low-temperature plasma, astrophysics phenomena, laser physics, and atmospheric effects etc. In addition to natural phenomena, the processes of collision of electrons with matter play an essential role in plasma technologies, such as, for example, microelectronics and biomedicine. Atomic physics, plasma physics and optics - fields directly related to electron-atom make a significant contribution to the fundamental understanding of the world. Despite the long study of the effects of electron scattering on atoms, and the results obtained in the physics of atomic collisions, this area still requires theoretical and experimental research, there is a significant lack of data on collision cross sections for their subsequent use in modeling and calculations. In particular, there are no systematized data on the cross sections for elastic scattering of high energy electrons by atomic.

Magnetic properties of [(CoP)soft/(NiP)am/(CoP)hard/(NiP)am]n superlattices

We report on the results of experimental and theoretical studies of magnetic superlattices [(CoP)soft/(NiP)am/(CoP)hard/(NiP)am]n (n = 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, tCoP = 5 nm, tNiP = 2 nm) produced by electroless deposition method. Cross-section electron microscopy image shows the layers do not mix and the interfaces between the layers are not blurred. We found the behavior of the magnetic hysteresis loops is similar to the exchange spring. Three peaks of microwave absorption are observed in the electron magnetic resonance spectra. To explain this, a model of a three-sublattice magnet with long-range interlayer interaction due to magnetic proximity effect is proposed. A perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is formed at the interface between the magnetic and non-magnetic layers. The interlayer interaction between the nearest magnetically soft and hard (J1) layers is found to be negative, the interaction between magnetically soft layers (J2) is positive, while J1 is about an order of magnitude greater than J2.

Differential and integral elastic cross sections for electrons and positrons collisions with carbon dioxide molecules

This study investigates the elastic scattering of electrons and positrons by carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules over a wide energy range from 1 eV to 1 KeV. We have computed differential and integral elastic cross-sections (DCS and ICS) using partial wave analysis and compared the theoretical results with available experimental data. Our findings show a strong correlation with experimental results, particularly at mid to high-energy ranges, validating the employed theoretical frameworks. Additionally, the Sherman function was examined to explore spin polarisation effects during scattering events. This research provides crucial insights for applications in atmospheric physics, materials science, and molecular scattering processes, demonstrating its direct relevance to real-world problems and paving the way for further investigation into particle-molecule interactions.

A comprehensive study of radiation shielding parameters of chalcogens-rich quaternary alloys for nuclear waste management

The current study examines the impact of metal additives on the shielding characteristics of Se76Te20Sn2M2 (where M = Ge, In, Sb, and Pb). These glasses are useful as shielding materials against high-energy radiation, such as X-rays and ϒ-rays, because these glasses have better values of shielding parameters compared to other potential candidates in the race for nuclear safety applications. To this end, we have calculated various radiation-related protection parameters using an online application called Phy-X/PSD. Using this program, we have estimated a complete list of radiation shielding parameters. The impact of the fourth element M (M = Ge, In, Sb, and Pb) on these parameters is also discussed.The maximum mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) was recorded at a photon energy of 15 keV for the incorporation of lead. Half-value layer (HVL) values peaked at 6 MeV and it attained its maximum value for germanium. The highest and lowest values of the linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) were obtained for Se76Te20Sn2Pb2 and Se76Te20Sn2Ge2 alloys respectively. Notably, the Se76Te20Sn2Pb2 alloy exhibited the highest values of effective atomic number (Zeff), electron density (Neff), atomic cross-section (ACS), and electronic cross-section (ECS), indicating superior shielding performance. Conversely, energy absorption buildup factors (EABF) and exposure buildup factors (EBF) were highest for Se76Te20Sn2Ge2 alloy. Neutron attenuation was most effective in the Se76Te20Sn2In2 and Se76Te20Sn2Pb2 compositions. Overall, the incorporation of lead in the parent glass demonstrated superior shielding capability compared to the other compositions studied.

Spatially resolved photoluminescence analysis of the role of Se in CdSexTe1−x thin films

Evidence from cross-sectional electron microscopy has previously shown that Se passivates defects in CdSexTe1−x solar cells, and that this is the reason for better lifetimes and voltages in these devices. Here, we utilise spatially resolved photoluminescence measurements of CdSexTe1−x thin films on glass to directly study the effects of Se on carrier recombination in the material, isolated from the impact of conductive interfaces and without the need to prepare cross-sections through the samples. We find further evidence to support Se passivation of grain boundaries, but also identify an increase in below-bandgap photoluminescence that indicates the presence of Se-enhanced defects in grain interiors. Our results show that whilst Se treatment, in tandem with Cl passivation, does increase radiative efficiencies in CdSexTe1−x, it simultaneously increases the defect content within the grain interiors. This suggests that although it is beneficial overall, Se incorporation will still limit the maximum attainable optoelectronic properties of CdSexTe1−x thin films.

Radiation Shielding Properties of Nickel, Copper and Iron Based Alloys

This study explores the radiation shielding properties of Iron-based and Nickel-based alloys with Cobalt composition to evaluate their performance in photon attenuation and shielding applications. The objectives of this work are to determine linear and mass attenuation coefficients (LAC, MAC), half and tenth value layers (HVL, TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number and electron density (Zeff, Neff), effective conductivity (Ceff), atomic cross section (ACS) and electronic cross section (ECS) of nickel and iron base alloy with Cobalt using Phy-X/PSD within 0.001 MeV to 10 MeV. The result shows Iron and Nickel-based alloys have electron densities around 10²³ electrons per gram, with increased Iron concentration improving low-energy photon attenuation. Nickel-based alloys have a higher MAC and LAC compared to Iron-based oxides, indicating better photon absorption per unit mass and thickness, respectively. Nickel-based alloys exhibit a lower HVL and TVL, indicating greater attenuation and absorption efficiency for photons, especially at lower energies. Conversely, Iron-based alloys, while showing higher HVL and TVL. Nickel-based alloys exhibited higher electron densities the Iron-based alloys and Zeff values for Nickel based alloys, ranging from 27.1 to 27.8 while Iron-based alloys with Zeff between 26.2 and 26.8. Ceff in Iron-based alloys was stable at (1.50 to 1.74) x 10⁹ S/m, while Nickel-based alloys showed significant fluctuations below 0.01 MeV. Nickel-based alloys also had higher ACS and ECS, indicating superior photon interaction, especially at lower energies. These results highlight Nickel based alloys' greater efficacy in low-energy photon attenuation and the stable performance of Iron based alloys at higher energies.

Cross sections for electron scattering from atomic gallium

Abstract The relativistic convergent close-coupling method was applied to calculate cross sections for electron scattering on atomic gallium. The integrated and momentum-transfer cross sections for elastic scattering are presented from the 4 s 2 4 p 4P 1 / 2 , 3 / 2 electronic states for incident energies between 0.03 eV and 1000 eV. Integrated excitation cross sections are also presented from these initial states to the 4 s 2 4 [ d , f ] , 4 s 2 5 [ s , p , d ] , 4 s 2 6 [ s , p ] and 4 s 2 7 s manifolds, as well as cross sections for excitation of the 4 s 2 4 p 2P 1 / 2 state to the 4 s 2 4 p 2P 3 / 2 state. Estimates were presented for the total single ionisation cross section and total cross section for scattering on gallium in the 4 s 2 4 p 2P 1 / 2 , 3 / 2 states, including direct ionisation from the 4p, 4s and 3d electrons, and excitation-autoionisation contributions from the 4s and 3d electrons. The estimated total single ionisation cross section was found to agree well with existing experimental data.

Piezoelectric barium titanate/hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic deposition

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a widely accepted, cost-effective and simple method to obtain conformal coatings of dense nanoparticles via application of a DC voltage. This paper reports the physical and mechanical properties of nanostructured barium titanate/hydroxyapatite (BT/HA) ceramic composites coated onto Ti-6Al-4V alloy via cathodic EPD in various ratios of 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40 (HB4, HB5 and HB6) respectively. Homogenous BT/HA coatings were obtained at a notably low voltage of 10 V. The crystallinity and phase analysis confirmed the formation of tetragonal phase of BT indicating the piezoelectric property. HB6 exhibits maximum piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 159 pC/N and Vicker's hardness of 242.31 HV. The cross-sectional electron micrographs show well connected and homogeneous coatings with increasing amounts of BT. Human mesenchymal stem cell lines were utilized in biocompatibility experiments, which revealed that HB composites had greater viability of HW-MSCs cells than pure BT, with HB6 exhibiting a maximum cell viability of more than 90 %.

Extraction of Molecular-Frame Electron-Ion Differential Scattering Cross Sections Based on Elliptical Laser-Induced Electron Diffraction.

We extracted the molecular-frame elastic differential cross sections (MFDCSs) for electrons scattering from N_{2}^{+} based on elliptical laser-induced electron diffraction (ELIED), wherein the structural evolution is initialized by the same tunneling ionization and probed by incident angle-resolved laser-induced electron diffraction imaging. To establish ELIED, an intuitive interpretation of the ellipticity-dependent rescattering electron momentum distributions was first provided by analyzing the transverse momentum distribution. It was shown that the incident angle of the laser-induced returning electrons could be tuned within 20° by varying the ellipticity and handedness of the driving laser pulses. Accordingly, the incident angle-resolved DCSs of returning electrons for spherically symmetric targets (Xe^{+} and Ar^{+}) were successfully extracted as a proof-of-principle for ELIED. The MFDCSs for N_{2}^{+} were experimentally obtained at incident angles of 4° and 7°, which were well reproduced by the simulations. The ELIED approach is the only successful method so far for obtaining incident angle-resolved ionic MFDCS, which provides a new sensitive observable for the transient structure retrieval of N_{2}^{+}. Our results suggest that the ELIED has the potential to extract the structural tomographic information of polyatomic molecules with femtosecond and subangstrom spatiotemporal resolutions that can enable the visualization of the nuclear motions in complex chemical reactions as well as chiral recognition.

Correction to: Predicting differential cross sections of electron scattering from N2 using DCMe method

Correction to: Predicting differential cross sections of electron scattering from N2 using DCMe method

Thermodynamics of gaseous strontium and calcium cerates studied by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry and estimation of relative electron ionization cross-section for CeO2(g).

Ceria-based systems are of great interest because of their unique properties. Such systems may be used as anode materials for SOFCs or in oxygen sensors. Theexploitation of these materials often requires high temperatures. In such conditions, the partial or complete evaporation of materials is possible. Therefore, knowledge of the values of partial pressures and thermodynamic properties is essential to predict and/or prevent possible consequences and accidents. Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry was used to determine partial pressures of vapor species over the SrO-CeO2 and CaO-CeO2 systems. Measurements of partial pressures were performed with a MS-1301 mass spectrometer. Vaporization was carried out using molybdenum or tungsten effusion cells. A theoretical study of gaseous strontium and calcium cerates was performed by several quantum chemical methods: density functional theory (DFT) M06, DFT PBE0, and MP2. The minimum value of relative electron ionization cross-section for CeO2 was estimated. In the temperature range of 2218-2249 K above the SrO-CeO2 system and of 2128-2208 K above the CaO-CeO2 system, gaseous M, MO, MO, CeO2, O, O2 and MCeO3 (M = Sr, Ca) were found. Energetically favorable structures of gaseous SrCeO3 and CaCeO3 were found, and vibrational frequencies were evaluated in the "rigid rotor-harmonic oscillator" approximation. On the basis of the equilibrium constants of gaseous reaction MO + CeO2 = MCeO3, the standard formation enthalpy of gaseous SrCeO3 (-913 ± 26 kJ/mol) and of gaseous CaCeO3 (-917 ± 26 kJ/mol) at 298 K were determined. The estimated value of relative electron ionization cross-section for CeO2 is in agreement with the general rule applicable for dioxides. The stability of SrCeO3 and CaCeO3 gaseous species was confirmed by KEMS. Gas-phase reactions involving gaseous SrO (CaO) and CeO2 with gaseous SrCeO3(CaCeO3) were studied. Enthalpy of formation reaction of gaseous SrCeO3(CaCeO3) from gaseous SrO (CaO) were evaluated theoretically, and the obtained value is in agreement with the experimental one.

Investigation of the potential of zinc oxide-copper oxide nanocomposites as shielding against gamma ray, physical, and structural properties

The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) is examined in the experimental and theoretical way for five concentrations of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites. These samples have been synthesized by the Co-precipitation method. XRD investigation demonstrated an improvement in crystallite size by examining structure factors in a range (11.5–26) nm. The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) was measured experimentally at gamma-ray energies of radioisotopes 133Ba (356) keV, 22Na (511 and 1275) keV, 137Cs (662) keV, and 60Co (1173 and 1333) keV using narrow beam geometry NaI(Tl) detector. The samples were subjected to theoretical study using the Phy-X/PSD program for comparison with the experimental results. Total atomic cross sections (σt,a), electronic cross sections (σt,e), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were calculated using the obtained μ/ρ values. The findings demonstrate that there is generally good agreement between theoretical and experimental calculations, which supports the suitability of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites for gamma radiation shielding.

Micro-pillar compression of proton-irradiated chromium examined using cross-sectional site selection, electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation

Deformation of proton-irradiated chromium was investigated using micro-pillar compression and electron microscopy. After 2 MeV proton irradiation at 350 °C, four micro-pillars were prepared from a single grain on the polished specimen cross section. Depending on the distance away from the irradiated surface, hardness as a function of local damage level was studied. All pillars developed a narrow deformation band on one set of near-adjacent {110} planes, arising from closely-positioned parallel gliding. The critical resolved shear stress for gliding along 〈111〉/{110} was measured to be 59.6 MPa in unirradiated material beyond the proton range. The critical stress increased by 20 % after 0.5 dpa, and by 58 % after 1 dpa, with saturation of hardening occurring by 0.7 dpa. Post-compression characterization using transmission electron microscopy showed extensive formation of nanometer size voids in a matrix dominated by tangled dislocations. No twinning was observed. The experimental observations are in good agreement with molecular dynamics simulation of pillar compression of chromium, showing dislocation gliding along 〈111〉/{110} and 〈111〉/{112}. The continued stability of chromium for LWR application requires extension of the exposure level from 1 dpa to ∼15 dpa expected for typical fuel pin exposure.

Understanding the Effects of Anode Catalyst Conductivity and Loading on Catalyst Layer Utilization and Performance for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is a promising technology to produce hydrogen from low-cost, renewable power sources. Recently, the efficiency and durability of AEMWE have improved significantly due to advances in the anion exchange polymers and catalysts. To achieve performances and lifetimes competitive with proton exchange membrane or liquid alkaline electrolyzers, however, improvements in the integration of materials into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are needed. In particular, the integration of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst, ionomer, and transport layer in the anode catalyst layer has significant impacts on catalyst utilization and voltage losses due to the transport of gases, hydroxide ions, and electrons within the anode. This study investigates the effects of the properties of the OER catalyst and the catalyst layer morphology on performance. Using cross-sectional electron microscopy and in-plane conductivity measurements for four PGM-free catalysts, we determine the catalyst layer thickness, uniformity, and electronic conductivity and further use a transmission line model to relate these properties to the catalyst layer resistance and utilization. We find that increased loading is beneficial for catalysts with high electronic conductivity and uniform catalyst layers, resulting in up to 55% increase in current density at 2 V due to decreased kinetic and catalyst layer resistance losses, while for catalysts with lower conductivity and/or less uniform catalyst layers, there is minimal impact. This work provides important insights into the role of catalyst layer properties beyond intrinsic catalyst activity in AEMWE performance.

BaO-doped Na2O–CaO–P2O5 bioactive glasses: A closer look at radiation attenuation properties for medical applications

This study investigates the nuclear radiation attenuation characteristics of bioactive glasses with the system (26-x)Na2O-xBaO-29CaO–45P2O5, where x represents the molar percentage of BaO (0, 5, 10, 15). For this purpose, several parameters of shielding gamma radiation, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), atomic cross-section (ACS), electronic cross-section (ECS), equivalent atomic number (Zeq), and transmission factor (TF) were calculated. The calculations were performed across different photon energy ranges (0.015–15 MeV) using Phy-X/PSD software and validated using the WinXCOM program. The results obtained from both the software platforms exhibited a high degree of agreement. Among the investigated glasses, the BNCP-15 glass, which had the highest BaO concentration, demonstrated the highest values for MAC, LAC, Zeff, Neff, ACS, ECS, and Zeq, while displaying the minimum values for HVL, TVL, MFP, and TF. For example, the LAC values at 15 MeV were found to be 0.056, 0.063, 0.070, and 0.077/cm for BNCP-0, BNCP-5, BNCP-10, and BNCP-15, respectively. Consequently, the BNCP-15 glass exhibited superior radiation attenuation performance in comparison to the other BNCP glasses examined in this study.

BEB-based models for ionisation cross sections of electron and positron impact with diatomic molecules

The ionising interactions of high-energy particles with molecules have applications in many areas. Despite this, some areas, including positron scattering, lack experimental data due to difficulties in performing experiments. Here, quick and simple methods for computing direct electron and positron impact ionisation cross sections are presented. These calculations, performed using the open-source software RAPID-CS, can provide a complete data set as a first approximation for when experimental, or more detailed computational work is not available. The cross-sectional data set includes the total, partial/fragment-specific, single-differential, average secondary electron energy and stopping power cross sections. The molecules N2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_2$$\\end{document}, O2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_2$$\\end{document} and CO were chosen to study due to the availability of positron scattering data. An overall good agreement with experimental and other computational results is presented.Graphical abstractDirect electron (left) and positron right) impact partial ionisation cross sections for N2. Total cross section: red, N2+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$N^{+}_{2}$$\\end{document} partial cross section: blue, N+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^{+}$$\\end{document} partial cross section: green.electron: solid lines: BEB, experimental measurements by Lindsay and Mangan [36]:Ürosses, Straub et al. [37]: stars, Opel et al. [39]: squares. Positron: solid lines: BEB0, Dashed lines: BEBA, Marler and Surko [23]: red crosses, Bluhme et al. [24]: stars

Radiation attenuation characterization of some biological samples by using the Klein–Nishina formula

Radiation has beneficial applications in medicine and nuclear sciences, but it can also be harmful due to its ionizing properties. So, radiation usage has a significant role in different research fields. In the present study, the Klein–Nishina (K–N) approach was used to evaluate the electronic and energy-transfer cross sections of Water, bone, adipose, soft, long, breast, brain and skin tissues. Compton mass attenuation coefficients (CMAC) and Compton mass energy transfer coefficients (CMACtr) were determined in the energy range 0.284–15 MeV. Different methods, based on the effective charge, were used to determine the parameters of the materials for the energy range. The cross sections were firstly calculated for elements that made up the materials. The investigated parameters of the materials were then determined using the relevant cross sections in the energy range. The results were compared with each other and some possible results from the literature. Klein–Nishina electronic cross sections, Compton mass attenuation coefficients and Compton mass energy transfer coefficients of the studied materials were decreased with increasing γ-ray energy like the elements. A good agreement was observed for CMACs and CMACtrs based on Zeff1/A and Zeff3/A (Diff. ≤ 16.4%) for Bone Compact. In addition, a comparison with the literature was done for CaCO3 in CMAC for some photon energies. The maximum difference (%) between used methods and literature was observed as ≤ 19.0%. The reported data should be useful using the gamma rays in Compton scattering energy region.

Reduced cross sections of electron and neutrino charged current quasielastic scattering on nuclei

The semiexclusive averaged reduced cross sections for (anti)neutrino charged current quasielastic scattering on carbon, oxygen, and argon are analyzed within the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation. One finds that these cross sections as functions of missing nucleon energy are similar to those of electron scattering and are in agreement with electron scattering data for the three nuclei. The difference between the electron and neutrino cross sections can be attributed to Coulomb distortion on the electron wave function. The averaged reduced cross sections depend slowly upon incoming lepton energy. The approach presented in this paper provides novel constraints on nuclear models of quasielastic neutrino-nucleus scattering and can be easily applied to test spectral functions and final state interactions employed in neutrino event generators. Published by the American Physical Society 2024