Cross-sectional Study Research Articles

Quality of life and aspects related nutrition in advance stages non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: The quality of life (QoL) associated nutritional symptoms among advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the impact of nutrition-related symptoms (indicated by Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment-PG-SGA) to QoL among individuals diagnosed with advanced NSCLC, utilizing the EORTC QLQ-LC13 tool. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 170 patients diagnosed with NSCLC (TxNxM1) with periodically chemotherapy treatment at Hanoi Oncology hospital were invited to the study. The PG-SGA and EORTC QLQ-LC13 were assessed by a dietitian. Results: Poor nutritional status related with decrease in QoL (p < 0.05). Cough and short of breath moderate-positively correlated with PG-SGA score, while pain, take medicine for pain and trouble swallowing were fairly correlated. The symptoms of cough up blood, sore mouth or tongue, tingling and hair lost had poor correlation with PG-SGA score. Loss of appetite and anorexia had poor negative correlation with short of breath and pain in arm or shoulder. Conclusions: QoL declined in advance stage NSCLC malnutrition patients. Nutrition-related symptoms had poor to fair correlation with QoL categories, which suggests the insufficiency on solely addressing nutritional symptoms to enhance QoL in this group.

Multimodal Assessment of the Origin of Myoclonus in Lance-Adams Syndrome.

Lance-Adams syndrome (LAS), or chronic posthypoxic myoclonus, is a long-term disabling neurologic disorder occurring in survivors of anoxia. The cortical or subcortical origin of this myoclonus is unclear. We aimed to identify the neuroanatomical origin of myoclonus in LAS. We conducted a cross-sectional study and investigated patients diagnosed with LAS from the Department of Neurology of Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, using multimodal neurologic explorations: EEG with quantitative analyses, polygraphic EMG recording of myoclonus, coupled EEG-EMG analyses with jerk-locked back averaging, and 18fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT imaging. All 18 patients had action multifocal or generalized myoclonus. Eleven patients also presented seizures, mainly generalized tonic-clonic seizures. For 8 patients, myoclonus decreased after seizures for a variable duration, from 1 day to 2 weeks. Epileptiform discharges were identified over the central median region (n = 14), with a maximal amplitude on the Cz (65 ± 20 µV, n = 12) and Fz (107 µV, n = 1) electrodes, and a significantly increased frequency during non-rapid eye movement sleep stages 1 (12 ± 8.5 events/minute, p = 0.004, n = 9) and 2 (11 ± 8.8 events/minute, p = 0.016, n = 7) compared with wake (5.5 ± 5.4 events/minute). The duration of the cortical and muscular events was significantly and positively correlated (ρ = 0.58, p < 0.001, n = 9). Action myoclonic jerks with a duration of <50 ms were confirmed in all patients, with a fast-descending corticospinal way organization with a mean biceps brachii-first interossei dorsalis delay of 9.8 ± 1 ms (n = 8). A central cortical transient preceding the muscular jerks was identified (n = 14), with a mean latency of -31.9 ± 2.9 ms for the tibialis anterior muscle (n = 7). A regional metabolism decrease was observed in the precentral cortex, supplementary motor area, paracentral lobule (n = 6), and postcentral cortex and precuneus (n = 5). This metabolism decrease was bilateral in the precentral cortex for 83% of the patients and in the postcentral cortex for 100%. Hypometabolism in the precentral, supplementary motor, and postcentral areas was confirmed with a voxelwise analysis (p < 10-3, n = 6). Our findings, based on a large cohort of patients with LAS, strongly suggest a cortical myoclonus, originating within the motor cortex and related to epileptiform mechanisms.

Assessment of Efficacy Evidence for Approvals of Novel Drugs in China Between 2018 and 2022.

After the reform of China's drug review and approval system, there has been a notable increase in the number of novel drugs approved. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the characteristics of efficacy evidence for novel drugs approved in China. This study included 240 novel drugs approved by the NMPA for 256 indications between 2018 and 2022. Compared with imported original drugs, the trials of innovative drugs were less frequently subjected to be randomized (67.7% vs. 80.3%; P = 0.01) and placebo (32.3% vs. 45.5%; P = 0.02), and more likely to use external control and surrogate endpoint. There was a significant difference in all features between pivotal trials of drugs with conditional approval and regular approval. Among imported original drugs, the drug for urgent clinical needs used placebo control (58.1% vs. 39.5%; P < 0.001) and scale endpoint more frequently, whereas rare disease drugs seldom utilized active control. The median number of subjects across all pivotal trial intervention groups was 197 (IQR, 86-379), with a median trial duration of 6.0 months (IQR, 3.0-12.7). The median number of pivotal trials per indication for imported original drugs was higher than that of innovative drugs (2.0 [IQR, 1.0-3.0] vs. 1.0 [IQR, 1.0-1.0]; P < 0.001). The innovative drugs typically had either one pivotal trial or one trial plus supportive evidence, both of which accounted for 79.8% of all indications of innovative drugs. The most commonly applied types of supportive evidence across all indications were additional studies and mechanistic evidence. This study illustrated the characteristics of the quality and quantity of efficacy evidence. Special regulatory programs and special drug catalogs offered the agency regulatory flexibility with respect to evidentiary requirements.

Social determinants of health as risk factors for keratoconus in the All of Us database

Background/aimsClinical risk factors for keratoconus (KCN) have previously been established. While the impact of the social determinants of health on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of KCN has been explored, further...

Inadequate identification of high cardiovascular risk and carotid plaques in rheumatoid arthritis patients by the 2024 Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular EVENTs and the 2013 Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease algorithms: findings from a Mexican cohort.

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association introduced the Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular EVENTs (PREVENT™) algorithm to estimate the 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess the cardiovascular risk (CVR) reclassification among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using traditional CVR algorithms-the 2024 PREVENT™ and the 2013 Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD)-and the presence of carotid plaque (CP). This was a cross-sectional study nested of a RA patients' cohort. A certified radiologist performed a high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound to identify the presence of CP. The CVR evaluation was performed by a cardiologist, blinded to carotid ultrasound results, using the PREVENT™ and the ASCVD algorithms. Cohen's kappa (k) coefficient assessed concordance between high-risk classification by CVR algorithms and CP presence. ROC curve analysis evaluated the algorithms' capacity to identify RA patients with CP. The cutoff point was determined by the Youden-Index, with p < 0.05 as statistically significant. A total of 210 RA patients were included. The reclassification of CVR due to CP was 34.3% for the PREVENT™ algorithm and 30.0% for the ASCVD algorithm. Of these, 44.4% and 71.4%, respectively, were initially classified as low risk. Concordance between CVR algorithms and carotid ultrasound showed slight agreement (k = 0.032 and k = 0.130, respectively). The PREVENT™ algorithm did not identify more than one-third of high-CVR RA patients with indication of starting statin therapy based on carotid ultrasound findings. The PREVENT™ and ASCVD algorithms showed poor performance in identifying RA patients with CP. Key Points • The presence of CP was identified in more than a third of the evaluated RA patients (35.7%), classifying them as high CVR. • CVR reclassification by the presence of CP was observed in 34.3% RA patients with the PREVENTTM algorithm and in 30.0% RA patients with the ASCVD algorithm. • Most of the reclassified patients belonged to the low-risk category, 44.4% with the PREVENTTM algorithm and 71.4% with the ASCVD algorithm. • When evaluating the concordance between the ASCVD algorithm and the carotid ultrasound for high-risk classification, a slight agreement was found (k = 0.130).

Exploring the interplay of prurigonodularis: unraveling links with Helicobacter pylori infection and psychological factors

Introduction: Prurigo nodularis (PN), a chronic skin condition causing distressing itching, poses challenges in conventional treatment. This study investigates links between PN, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and psychological factors.Aims and Objectives:Examining the association between PN and H. pylori infection, the study assesses psychological factors as potential links, offering insights into treatment approaches.Materials and Method:A cross-sectional study involving 30 clinically confirmed PN patients in Ahmedabad from January 2022 to September 2023. Psychological stress significantly associated with H. pylori infection (χ2 = 12.139, p = 0.000494), emphasizing holistic care. Treatment modalities, including pharmacological and psychological interventions, showed promise in managing PN.Conclusion:The study highlights significant correlations between psychological stress, H. pylori infection, and PN progression, emphasizing the importance of tailored, comprehensive care. Future research should establish causal relationships and explore long-term treatment efficacy. Keywords: Prurigo nodularis, H. pylori infection, psychological stress, comprehensive care.

Нейропсихологическое исследование когнитивных функций у подростков с сахарным диабетом 1 типа

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is a complex disease, in the model of responsible attitude to the treatment of which it is important to take into account cognitive characteristics that determine the ability to take responsibility for treatment in order to achieve glycemic control. Cognitive impairments can affect the quality of patients' self-control: they can be the reason for skipping injections, incorrect calculation of bread units, the required dose of insulin etc. The purpose of this research was to establish the features of the cognitive status of adolescents with DM1 in comparison with healthy adolescents from the point of view of the neuropsychological approach being developed in Russian psychology. Methods used: a single-center cross-sectional study of 38 patients with DM1 (13 boys/25 girls) and 30 conditionally healthy children (20 boys/10 girls) aged 12 to 17 y/o was conducted. The study was conducted on the bases of the Endocrinology Department No. 1 of the Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia (Moscow, Russia) and General Education School No. 1321 “Kovcheg” (Moscow, Russia) in May-Nov. 2023. The method of medical documentation analysis coupled with the psychodiagnostics method (battery of neuropsychological tests by A.R. Luria with a quantitative assessment of the results according to J.M. Glozman (2012)) were used. The duration of the examination was 60 to 75 minutes. Results: in the group of adolescents with DM1 compared with adolescents in the control group there were deficits in the domains of thinking (p≤0.05), memory (p≤0.01), neurodynamic indicators of mental activity (p=0.001), regulation and control (p=0.026), manual praxis (p=0.030) and spatial representations (p=0.001). Conclusion: the study results showed the need for timely correctional psychological classes for children with DM1 aimed at improving their cognitive functions. In the future, such classes could lead to an improvement in the quality of implementing a responsible attitude to health, improving glycemic control and DM1 compensation in general as well as reducing the number of complications in future life.

PARTICIPATION OF SENIORS IN CULTURE IN VIEW OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

The article presents the results of research on seniors' participation in culture, which are part of cross-sectional research on the style and quality of life of people aged 60+, conducted in 2024. The article discusses the results regarding individual participation in culture and participation in organized cultural activities at the local level. It discusses the level of activity of seniors, institutional and non-institutional actors organizing the cultural life of seniors, the roles played by older people in cultural events and their expectations.

Compliance with the WHO recommended 8+ antenatal care contacts schedule among postpartum mothers in eastern Uganda: A cross-sectional study.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 8 antenatal care (ANC) contacts during pregnancy, but many women in low and middle-income countries do not adhere to this schedule, which may contribute to high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality. This study assessed compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts schedule and associated factors among postpartum mothers in eastern Uganda. This was a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted between July and August 2022 at four selected hospitals in Eastern Uganda using quantitative techniques. We recruited postnatal mothers who had given birth within 48 hours with records of their ANC contacts. Compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts schedule was defined as having received the recommended ANC contacts as per the gestational age at childbirth following the current ANC for a positive pregnancy experience WHO guidelines. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the association between compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts schedule and selected independent variables. A total of 1104 postpartum mothers participated in the study with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 26 ± 6.4 years, and a majority had given birth from a referral hospital (n = 624 56.5%). Compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts schedule was low (n = 258, 23.4%), and only 23.2% (196) of the women had attended their first antenatal care contact within the first trimester. Factors associated with compliance to the WHO recommended 8+ ANC contacts were: attending the first antenatal care contact within 12 weeks of gestation [AOR: 6.42; 95% CI: (4.43 to 9.33)], having 2 to 4 children [AOR: 0.65; 95% CI: (0.44 to 0.94)], having a spouse who is unemployed [AOR: 1.71; 95% CI: (0.53 to1.08)] and having insurance coverage [AOR: 2.31; 95% CI: (1.17 to 4.57)]. Compliance with the 8+ ANC contacts schedule remains very low. Efforts should focus on increasing health education, particularly for multiparous women, and encouraging mothers to begin ANC in their first trimester. Exploring the dynamics of partner support, especially with employment status, may offer insights into improving ANC attendance.

Factors affecting the unused short peripheral catheters: A neverending debate? A cross-sectional study in hospitalized patients.

Concern about unused vascular access devices has increased, but data on idle short peripherally intravascular catheters in medical-surgical units is still scarce. We aimed to assess the prevalence of unused short peripheral catheters in hospitalized patients and identify risk factors and reasons that lead nurses to maintain them in situ. A cross-sectional observational study was performed in September 2022. Clinical observation (24h) and medical records review were assessed to collect patient demographics and catheter-related information. Nurses were asked the main reason for continuing the use of the unused catheter. The primary outcome was the prevalence of unused short peripheral catheters, which were no longer used for intravenous fluids or medications in the previous 24 h. Multivariate logistic regression has been performed to evaluate risk factors for unused catheters. The STROBE checklist was used to report our study. Seven hundred and sixty-four patients were included; out of the 621 patients with at least one short peripheral catheter, one-third had at least one unused catheter. The risk of having an unused peripherally intravascular catheter was almost double when the catheter was positioned in the emergency department. Catheters of smaller calibers and in situ for fewer days were less likely to be unused. The main reasons for keeping a peripherally intravascular catheter unused in situ were clinical conditions. Unused short peripheral catheters are still quite frequent. While specific clinical needs justified some unused short peripheral catheters, a proportion remained unexplained and potentially avoidable. Nurses and policymakers can use the findings to inform decision-making and protocols to manage peripherally inserted catheters to reduce unused short peripheral catheters and, consequently, complications and costs and improve patient safety and quality of care.

Evaluation of the association between periodontal disease and total cancer risk: A cross-sectional study.

The body is in a continuous state of inflammatory burden due to local and systemic inflammation, which is triggered in periodontal tissues in response to microorganisms. A number of studies have linked periodontitis to systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease. Periodontal inflammation acts as a focus of infection, which can cause detrimental effects on distant target organs. In some cases, it may lead to tumor progression in various cancers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between periodontal disease (PD) and its potential role as a risk factor for the development of systemic cancer and its metastasis. A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted, including 66 patients with different systemic malignancies (group 1, the test group) and 66 healthy individuals (group 2, the control group). Group 1 was further subdivided into 2 categories: M0, comprising patients without metastases (n = 34); and M1, comprising patients with distant metastases (n = 32). The number of missing teeth, Greene and Vermilion's simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), probing pocket depth (PPD), Löe and Silness' bleeding on probing (BoP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and Ramfjord's periodontal disease index (PDI) were recorded. Appropriate statistical tests were performed to analyze the data. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The differences between the PDI, CAL and PPD values in both group 1 and group 2 were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.000). In M0 and M1, no statistically significant differences were observed between any of the parameters. The odds ratios (ORs) between group 1 and group 2 for CAL and PDI were 3.986 and 4.286, respectively. The ORs for M0 and M1 with regard to CAL and the mean number of teeth lost were 0.373 and 0.188, respectively. The findings of the study indicate a significant association between the overall risk of cancer and PD. In cases of known systemic malignancies, no significant correlation has been identified between PD and the risk of metastasis.

Comparison of headache and facial pain prevalence and phenotype in upper respiratory tract infections of differing origins - a cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to compare headache and facial pain prevalence and headache phenotype among people with common upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Headache is a common symptom in viral URTI, but its phenotyping has so far been limited to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza. Additionally, the prevalence of facial pain in URTIs has only rarely been discussed in scientific publications. Patients with acute URTI symptoms were evaluated for headache phenotype using a semi-structured questionnaire. Antigen swab tests were performed in all participants. The analysis included 276 URTI/APVRS (acute post-viral rhinosinusitis) episodes in 223 patients (136 women, 60.1%) aged 18-73 [mean 41.3 / median (25th, 75th) 40 / standard deviation 15.1]. Participants were diagnosed with: COVID-19 - 107/276 (38.8%); 'common cold' - 103/276 (37.3%); influenza - 36/276 (13.0%); or APVRS - 30/276 (10.9%). Headache was present in 183/276 (66.3%) and URTIs and facial pain in 107/276 (38.8%). Predictors of headache in URTIs included sinonasal symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 10.70, p < 0.001) and fever (OR 2.9, p = 0.004). Headache more often (p = 0.030) had a migraine-like phenotype in COVID-19 (27.4% (20/73) vs. 9.1% (10/110) and tension-type headache (TTH)-like phenotype in 'common cold' (75.4%, 49/64 vs. 61.3%, 73/119). Previous COVID-19 immunisation (vaccination or infection) was associated (p = 0.004) with a lower prevalence of migraine-like headache [6.3% (1/16) vs. 32.8% (19/58)]. Headache and facial pain are prevalent during URTIs, and are associated with general and sinonasal immune response rather than virus type. Headache phenotype may depend on the causative microorganism, but it can evolve in response to previous immunisation. Our study supports vaccination against COVID-19, as people with prior immunisation are probably less likely to experience migraine-like headache.

Association between atherogenic index of plasma and post-stroke depression: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: Few studies have established a link between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and post-stroke depression (PSD). This study aims to further investigate the potential relationship between the AIP and PSD, and to provide references for the prevention and prognosis management of patients with PSD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2018. Inclusion criteria required complete data on the AIP, stroke history, and depression status. Weighted logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to examine the association between the AIP and PSD. By subgroup and interaction analyses, the stability associated with AIP and PSD was assessed between different subgroups. Results: Among the 32,364 participants ultimately enrolled in the study, 482 were diagnosed with PSD. In the weighted multivariate logistic regression adjustment model 3, AIP, as a continuous variable, was positively associated with the risk of PSD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 2.91; P = 0.007]. After the quartile classification of AIP, the adjusted model 3 showed that the risk of PSD in group Q4 was significantly higher than that in group Q1 (OR = 1.61, 95%CI:1.10, 2.34; P = 0.006). In the RCS linearity test, AIP was positively associated with the risk of PSD (P non-linear = 0.357). The interaction test demonstrated that AIP only had an interaction with gender (P interaction = 0.031) and not with other variables (P interaction > 0.05). Conclusion: AIP was positively associated with the prevalence of PSD, suggesting that AIP may be a promising predictor of the risk of developing PSD. In addition, the interaction of AIP and gender differences combined to influence the incidence of PSD.

CT Scan Based Estimation of Distance of Human Paracentral Lobule from Different Landmarks of Cerebral Hemisphere between Bangladeshi Male and Female Population

Context: This study was carried out to observe the distance of paracentral lobule in relation to different points of cerebral hemisphere between adult male and female Bangladeshi population. Materials &amp; Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 70 adult Bangladeshi male &amp; female were selected, age ranging from 20-65 years. CT scan image of brain in midsagittal view was used for this study. Distance of paracentral lobule in relation to different points of cerebral hemisphere was measured and compared between adult male and female Bangladeshi population. Calculation was done using unpaired student’s ‘t’ test. Results: In male, mean distance from inferior most point of paracentral lobule to corpus callosum were 11.37±1.79 mm and 11.09±1.87 mm on right and left cerebral hemisphere respectively. In female, mean distance were 11.67±2.36 and 11.20±2.38 mm on right and left respectively. In male, distance from frontal pole to anterior most point of paracentral lobule of right and left were 89.21±5.22 mm and 88.82±5.28 mm respectively. In female, on right and left cerebral hemisphere, distance were 87.81±3.57 mm and 87.23±3.60 mm respectively. In male, distance from occipital pole to posterior most point of paracentral lobule of right and left cerebral hemisphere were 73.11±3.38 mm and 72.68±3.24 mm respectively. In female on right and left, distance were 71.86±4.67 mm and 71.49±5.08 mm respectively. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference regarding distance of paracentral lobule from different landmarks of cerebral hemisphere between adult male and female of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2021, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 8-12

Antibacterial Activities of Leaf Extracts and Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Allium sativum on Urinary Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli

Aims: The study was aimed at evaluation of the antibacterial activities of crude leaf extracts and synthesized Ag-NPs from Allium sativum on urinary quinolone resistant E. coli. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2023 and October 2024. Methodology: Confirmed Samples for this study were collected from selected General Hospitals in Abuja Municipal, Nigeria. The phytochemical screening of the Allium sativum leaf ethanolic extract (ASE) for various phytochemical constituents and detection of AgNPs was conducted using laboratory method and other methods; UV-visible spectra, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: All isolates were resistant to AMP and CIP. All the E. coli isolated were MAR isolates. All the MAR isolates had MAR indices of ≥ 0.2. Most isolates were MDR isolates. There was also a PDR and XDR isolates among the selected tested E coli isolates. Phytochemical screening of aqueous, ethanolic, ethyl acetate and n-hexane leaf extracts of Allium sativum showed presence of only glycosides in all the extracts. Phenols and resins followed after as they were only absent in the aqueous extract of A. sativum leaf while tanins, steroids, saponins and pholabatanins were present in two (2) of the four (4) extract analyzed. Antibacterial activity screening of aqueous, ethanoic, ethyl acetate and n-hexane leaf extracts of Allium sativum were evaluated against quinolone resistant E. coli showed activity by only aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The ethanolic extracts were more active. Synthesized silver nanoparticles of the active extracts have shown higher antibacterial activity against the responsive isolates than their corresponding crude extracts. Conclusion: The synthesized silver nanoparticles from the active leaf extracts exhibited greater antibacterial activity against the responsive isolates compared to their corresponding crude extracts. These findings suggest that AgNPs hold potential for use in medicine to prevent both infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Factors Influencing Stunting in Children Toddlers in the Working Area of the Puskesmas Kutambaru in 2023

Background: Stunting is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which is included in Goal 2, namely to end hunger and various forms of malnutrition by 2030 and achieve food security. The target set is to reduce the stunting rate by 40% by 2025. Stunting is caused by prolonged (chronic) malnutrition and repeated infections. Objective: The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the factors that influence stunting in toddlers in the Kutambaru Health Center working area in 2023. Methodology: This research uses quantitative methods with a cross sectional design and sampling using random sampling. The research population was 297 respondents and the research sample was 75 mothers who had stunted toddlers. This research uses a questionnaire. The research time is December 2023. This research analysis uses Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate. The statistical tests used are the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression with the Enter method. Results: Research results regarding influencemother's height pvalue= 0.004,birth height pvalue= 0.003,birth weightpvalue= 0.002,Exclusive Breastfeeding pvalue= 0.001, History of infectious disease pvalue= 0.001, and immunization status pvalue= 0.002with Stunting in toddlers. Based on the results of the multiple logistic regression test, the variable that is very influential is Exclusive Breast Milk with an Exp(B) value of 14,594. Conclusion:The conclusion in this study is that there is an influence of maternal height, birth height, birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, history of infectious disease and immunization status with Stunting.in toddlers in the Kutambaru Community Health Center working area.To be able to reduce the prevalence of stunting in toddlersIt is hoped that cooperation from the Health Service, Community Health Centers, especially health workersto be able to increase health promotion about stunting, the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, the risk of infectious diseases and the benefits of immunization for children routinely every month.

Influence of emergence delirium-related knowledge and nursing stress, practice, and confidence levels on the performance of recovery room nurses: A cross-sectional study.

In this study, we aimed to explore the relationships between knowledge of emergence delirium (ED) and nursing stress, practice, confidence, and performance levels, as well as to identify factors influencing the performance of recovery room nurses. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 135 recovery room nurses at a general hospital in South Korea. The nurses completed a questionnaire from April 12 to April 25, 2023. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to examine factors associated with nursing performance in relation to ED. Nursing performance showed a significant negative correlation with nursing stress levels and a moderate positive correlation with nursing practice and confidence levels. Furthermore, ED education, nursing practice, and nursing confidence are factors influencing nursing performance. To enhance the performance of recovery room nurses in caring for patients with ED, we recommend developing a tailored educational program that focuses on increasing both the confidence levels and practical skills of nurses, thereby meeting the specific needs of the patients.

Cranial Nerve Deficits Predict Pharyngeal Phase Swallowing Impairment in Patients with Neurogenic Dysphagia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The examination of the cranial nerves (CN) provides an accurate analysis of facial-oral integrity, motility and sensitivity that is fundamental to understanding swallowing efficiency. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to verify whether the assessment of CN can provide information on the amount and location of pharyngeal residue and risk of aspiration in patients with neurogenic dysphagia. A total of 96 dysphagic patients have been enrolled. Pharyngeal residue was assessed by the Italian version of the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (IT-YPRSRS) and presence of penetration/aspiration using the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) during Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES), while CNs were evaluated using the I&I test. Logistic regression models were used to investigate causal associations; for each of the CN found to be significant, the optimal cut-off to best discriminate healthy patients from those with pathology was calculated. All statistical analyses were performed using R software with the significance level set at P < 0.05. Significant correlations were found between total scores on the I&I test and the PAS and IT-YPRSRS results. Impairment of CN VII was a sensitive and specific predictor of vallecular residue. Deficits of V CN and X CN were predictors of pyriform sinus residue. PAS scores were just below the statistical significance. Assessing CN can provide specific pathophysiological information about pharyngeal residue and risk of penetration/aspiration. These findings could help clinicians understand swallowing issues and early plan targeted interventions.

Quality of Sleep and its Impact on the Academic Performance of Undergraduate Medical Students

Introduction: Good quality sleep and adequate amount of sleep are important in order to have better cognitive performance, academic performance and avoid health problems and psychiatric disorders. Sleep disturbance is a distressing and disabling condition that affects many people, and can affect on quality of work and education of students. Thus the aim of the study to assess the factors that contributes to the quality of sleep and its impact on academic performance. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital from May to June 2024 after taking ethical clearance from KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital- Institutional Review Committee before collecting data from participants. Subjects were recruited by Non-Probability sampling technique from students of first, second, third and fourth years and were asked to fill the self-reported questionnaires, using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using Statistical Software for Social Sciences version 16. Results: Out of 280 medical students, 83(29.6%) have poor sleep quality with prevalence among male and female students as 44 (53.01%) and 39(46.99%) respectively. Age, year of study and exam result was found to be statistically significant with p value less than 0.05. Conclusions: This poor sleep quality is directly and indirectly affecting physical and social health as well as the academic performance of the students. Awareness programs concerning the effect of distorted sleep cycle are suggested to be conducted.

Risk Factors of Perioperative Anxiety Levels in Sectio Caesarea Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Single Center, Bali, Indonesia

Introduction: Anxiety is a prevalent emotional response in patients undergoing surgical procedures, including cesarean sections. Perioperative anxiety can negatively impact patient outcomes, affecting physiological parameters and postoperative recovery. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with perioperative anxiety levels in patients undergoing cesarean section at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 37 patients scheduled for elective cesarean section at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Perioperative Anxiety Scale (PASS), a validated instrument for measuring anxiety related to surgery. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, and medical history were collected through a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The majority of participants (59.5%) experienced mild to moderate anxiety levels. Age, occupation, education level, history of emergency surgery, previous surgical history, and gravidity were identified as potential risk factors associated with higher anxiety levels. Patients aged 25-29 years, housewives, those with a high school education, a history of emergency surgery, previous surgical experience, and primiparity were more likely to report mild to moderate anxiety. Conclusion: Mild to moderate anxiety is prevalent among cesarean section patients. Identifying risk factors associated with perioperative anxiety can aid healthcare providers in implementing targeted interventions to reduce anxiety and improve patient well-being.