Cross-cultural Psychology Research Articles

РУССКОЕ ГОСТЕПРИИМСТВО

The article examines different cultural values of hospitality in Russia and the Western world, tracing their origins and how they are reflected in cultural identity. It is noted that in Russia hospitality is rooted in the tradition of generosity toward guests, when hosts accept guests without expecting anything in return. In contrast, the Western notion of hospitality is associated with a commercial exchange, when hosts expect a certain benefit from their guests. The study also showed that cultural identity plays a significant role in shaping attitudes towards hospitality: Russians have a stronger sense of community and collectivism, while Western Europeans emphasize individualism and personal space. The author claims that understanding these cultural differences is important for to understanding tensions between the West and other cultures, and emphasizes how the traditions of hospitality continue to shape social customs and attitudes toward foreigners, and why Russia continues to uphold traditional values and the general world order, while the Europeans only stand up for their personal benefits.The results of the study have significance for the hospitality industry because they emphasize the importance of cultural awareness and sensitivity when providing services to guests from different regions. It is necessary to understand the differences in guest preferences in order to provide them with a positive experience. The study also contributes to the literature on cross-cultural psychology and sheds light on differences in attitudes toward hospitality among different cultural groups.

РЕЛИГИЯ И КУЛЬТУРА КАК ФАКТОРЫ ДОВЕРИЯ ВО ВНЕШНЕЙ ТОРГОВЛЕ

Growing tension around Russia in the global economy, the need to reorient foreign trade flows to countries that differ from Russia in cultural and religious aspects, as well as a growing number of publications aimed at studying economic effects of culture, religion and trust, makes it necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature on the influence of culture and religion on foreign trade activities. Based on the analysis of religious literatureand scientific empirical research and using the methods of systematization, generalization, meta-analysis, conceptual approaches of socio-cultural anthropology and cross-cultural psychology, the paper proposes a theoretical justification for the mechanism of the influence of religion and culture on foreign trade. Two approaches to the influence of culture on foreigntrade activity are theoretically substantiated. Within the framework of the first approach, the proximity of cultural values contributes to the growth of foreign trade activity. Within the second framework, cultural openness and tolerance for foreign cultures have limited potential to increase mutual trade. Based on the analysis of scientific and religious literature,three groups of channels of the mechanism of the influence of religion on foreign trade are substantiated. The first group of channels, which are based on a person's psychological perception of God and His deeds, includes: influence through the perception of entrepreneurial risk as God's providence and impact through the fear of trading partners before God's punishment for non-fulfillment of obligations. The second group of channels, the mechanism of influenceof which is based on the similarity and difference of religious dogmas, includes: influence based on different religious dogmas, influence through the trust of trading partners due to the similarity of religious values and influence through religious openness and tolerance towards other faiths. The third group of channels, the mechanism of which is based on institutional theories, includes: influence through the development of religious competition, the influence of religious institutions as an alternative to weak state institutions and the influence of religion as the basis of trust between trading partners.

Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology: Klaus Boehnke.

The Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology is given to individuals who have made sustained and enduring contributions to international cooperation and the advancement of knowledge in psychology. The 2022 recipient of the APA Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology was selected by the 2021 Committee on International Relations in Psychology. The committee is pleased to present the 2022 APA Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology to Klaus Boehnke. Dr. Boehnke is a professor of Social Science Methodology at Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany, and deputy head of the Center for Sociocultural Research at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow, Russian Federation. He has lived and worked at universities in Singapore, Australia, and Canada, in addition to his native Germany. His scholarship has included substantial contributions in political psychology, peace psychology, the psychology of youth, and innovative methodologies and frameworks for cross-national studies. He works with partners and colleagues around the world. Dr. Boehnke has been instrumental in creating and serving in institutions and organizations that promote cooperation across borders. He has served on boards and as advisor to multiple international groups and committees, including as president of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, one of the most internationally diverse psychological associations worldwide. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Rodzina w systemie społecznym: Klasyczne teorie i badania psychologii międzykulturowej

An undeniable fact in psychology is the statement that the individual fate of an individual is influenced by family influences, but these depend to a large extent on the location of the family in the social structure and, more broadly, in a specific civilization context. Cross-cultural psychology provides a lot of information in this regard, although it seems to be far from the final conclusions. The presented text provides an overview of important theoretical approaches and research relating to contemporary cross-cultural differences in the sphere of family life. In the first subsection, they deal with general approaches and system structure. The second presents data on research related to the concept of parental ethonotheroia of child rearing. The third section is devoted to tracking the specificity of Polish families against the background of the modern world – international research, taking into account the Polish sample, and the comparison of the results of Polish and American research carried out with the use of the same measurement tool (resulting from a specific and, as it turned out, culturally-dependent theory).

Peculiarities of economic psychology and its role in the study of consumer behavior

The aim of the article to determine the essence and features of economic psychology. Also display its influence on modern marketing theory. The results of the analyses. The author considers the position of economic psychology in the system of psychological science and comes to the conclusion that it is still very weakly reflected by the professional community, many issues of theoretical content remain unresolved, which usually accompany the formation of any new field of psychological knowledge and require quite long periods for their solution. The author notes that the most hotly debated issue is the relationship between economic psychology and social psychology. It is especially noted that there is some more general regularity in the emergence and formation of a number of modern branches of psychological science, because similar discussions revolve around the status of organizational, historical, political, cross-cultural psychology, etc. In the article, the author emphasizes that the current professional understanding of this issue is in such a state that it is still too early to affirm a single option as fundamentally correct or to completely deny any of them as incorrect. In fact, the scientific debate about the status of economic psychology is not over. A certain "fuzzy" understanding of the essence, features and differences of psychological economics from classical psychology requires detailed study and approval of the basic principles that identify the scientific field. Conclusions and perspectives for further research. The article examines economic psychology as a separate science, the emergence of which significantly influenced the methodology of studying consumer behavior, first of all, by expanding the methodological possibilities and aspects of research. The chronology of the development of economic psychology is analyzed, the main reasons and prerequisites for its separation into a separate science are given. Features of interdisciplinary connections, principles operating within economic psychology are highlighted. The main advantages of the existence of economic psychology and the peculiarities of research within the scope of science are grouped in detail in the article. As a further development, the author defines the development of detailed tools for practical application in the activities of marketing specialists.

Self-Monitoring, Loneliness, EAPs, Social Justice, Cross-Cultural Psychology, and Peacebuilding: Challenges and Opportunities

This article expands on the author's invited presentation given in Minneapolis in August 2022 as the recipient of the 2020 Leona Tyler Award. Four phases (New York, Georgia, Illinois, and Indiana) of the author's life are described. Challenges and opportunities of the author's pursuit of research and other activities on impression management, loneliness, Employee Assistance Programs, social justice, cross-cultural psychology, and peacebuilding are discussed. Further, the importance of counseling psychologists demonstrating cross-cultural validity and equivalence and reducing bias in the science and application of psychology, and educating students is deemed a social justice imperative. Given the polarization and lack of civility in societies worldwide, the need for more counseling psychologists to function as bridge or peace builders in addition to advocates and activists also is highlighted. Lessons learned, recommendations to move the counseling psychology discipline forward, and appreciation to individuals' instrumental in the author's life are discussed as well.

Editorial Note: Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia’s Responds to Political Challenges in Scientific Publication

Three challenges of political nature were identified in 2022: increasing number of institutions in many countries in Asia to require journal article publication for graduation of an academic degree, changes in Journal Citation Index (JCITM) policy, and a retraction case in Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. As a response to these challenges, Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia made several changes. First, we now publish incrementally to accommodate the requirement to publish in time. In Indonesia, as well as in many parts of Asia, publications in journals are increasingly used to satisfy administrative requirements. We have received requests for faster publication due to graduation requirements from authors from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Pakistan. The importance of journal publication is increasing in the region. Second, the everchanging scientific landscape triggers a response from Clarivate Analytics that decided to include Journal Impact Factor (JIFTM) in the subsequent publication of the Journal Citation Reports (JCRTM) in 2023.

Racial/Ethnic Minority Vocational Research Trends in Counseling Psychology and Multicultural Psychology Journals: A Trend Analysis Across 51 Years

This study extends Flores et al.’s (2006) 36-year analysis of racial/ethnic minority (REM) vocational research published in career journals to REM vocational research in eight counseling psychology and multicultural psychology journals across a span of 51 years. We identified 483 REM vocational studies published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP), The Counseling Psychologist (TCP), Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development (JMCD), Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (CDEMP), Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (JCCP), Journal of Black Psychology (JBP), Journal of Latina/o Psychology (JLP), and Asian American Journal of Psychology (AAJP) between 1969 and 2020. Results showed that less than 5% of all articles published in these journals during the past 49 years focused on vocational issues with REMs. Publication trends, article topics and type, samples, and leading individual and institutional contributors to REM vocational research are reported. JMCD published the largest percentage of these articles (33.9%, n = 132) as well as the largest percentage (18%) of REM vocational articles relative to other articles in its journal during this time frame. Implications of the findings are provided for expanding REM vocational scholarship in counseling psychology in the future.

Civilization Theory and Structural-genetic Theory Programme : Two Fundamental Theories in Comparison.

The Civilization theory of N. Elias combines the scrutiny of psychogenetic and sociogenetic developments shaping history from ancient to modern times. Both forms of developments are seen by him as deeply interconnected to each other, being to each other cause and consequence alike. Medieval respectively premodern societies harbor people staying more close to childlike levels, while modern societies force humans to attain more elaborated psychological stages. Otherwise modern societies couldn´t function. It is shown that Elias has problems to evidence his psychogenetic assumptions. Civilization theory can be improved by the application of learned developmental psychology, by using theories and data coming from Piagetian cross-cultural psychology. It is not only possible to improve the insights into psychogenetic data hereby but also to illuminate much better central phenomena of modern society. Piagetian data enable to refer crucial phenomena of modern society - sciences, industrial economy, democracy, constitutional state, humanitarian revolution, traits of the fine arts - to psychogenetic advancements much better than Elias had done.

Of Germs and Culture; Parasite Stress as the Origin of Individualism-Collectivism.

Among four proposed origins of individualism-collectivism, modernization theory, rice versus wheat theory, climato-economic theory, and pathogen stress theory, the latter has gained more attention in cross-cultural and evolutionary psychology. Since the parasite stress theory of values and sociality makes a connection between infectious diseases and cultural orientations, it gained even more popularity during the COVID pandemic. But despite extensive research on parasite stress theory, it is not still clear what kind of infectious disease contributes more to the emergence of cultures, what are the possible mechanisms through which pathogenic threat gives rise to cultural systems, and how parasite stress might affect vertical vs. horizontal dimensions of individualism-collectivism. This review summarizes and integrates major findings of parasite stress theory related to individualism-collectivism and its closely related variables and discusses future directions that researchers can take to answer the remaining questions.

Bridging 50 Years of Theoretical and Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology: Contributions of IACCP and JCCP

Over the course of 50 years, the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP) and its flagship journal, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (JCCP), have been lynchpins in the relationship between theory and practice. We provide evidence that cross-cultural psychology, as practiced by members of the IACCP, performs an essential bridging function between theoretical psychology and applied psychology. Employing survey data of IACCP members, bibliometric analyses of core members’ publication history, and of the citation patterns of JCCP and other journals, we reveal the extent to which IACCP members contribute to applied psychology and how JCCP contributes to the research published in applied psychology journals. We further review strategies and controversies extant in teaching theoretical and applied cross-cultural psychology to university undergraduate and graduate students in the service of preparing them to live and work in a globalized world. Finally, we look at research traditions, issues, and prospects of a key applied field to which cross-cultural psychology contributes—cross-cultural training.

Counseling Across Cultures: A Half-Century Assessment

As the Special Issue of the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology celebrates the 50th anniversary of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP), this article aims to summarize and track the development of counseling and psychotherapy in cultural contexts over the past half-century. When the edited volume, Counseling Across Cultures (CAC) first appeared nearly half a century ago, it sent an innovative message that culture matters in counseling and psychotherapy. The CAC editors produced six more updated editions in the succeeding years by 2016. The CAC authors examined the cultural context of accurate assessment, meaningful understanding of culture-relevant concepts, and appropriate interventions in each of the seven editions. They have surveyed universal and cultural aspects of counseling and psychotherapy according to such themes as emic and etic approaches to models of mental health, therapeutic relationships and techniques, assessment and interventions, and training needs against the IACCP’s ever-growing academic and professional activities. Research on the cultural adaptation of specific psychotherapies for specific clients should enhance access to culturally sensitive and evidence-based assessments and interventions. The need for training in multicultural awareness is expected to accelerate in the age of rapid globalization. This article affirms the contribution of the foundation-building approaches of CAC and the need for developing the interface between cross-cultural psychology and related clinical and counseling fields.

The Forgotten Field: Contexts for Cross-Cultural Psychology

Cross-cultural psychology has employed the concept of the “field” in two ways. First, as articulated by Lewin, it is the larger context in which all individuals develop their behaviors and now express them; it is a conceptual space within which to situate human behavior. Second, it refers to the cultures and communities in which anthropologists have usually worked, making observations of daily life, and then describing the cultures of the people; it is a physical and symbolic space in which human activity takes place. These two meanings share common features: they both consider that all human behavior develops and is exhibited in contexts; and that these contexts need to be studied and described before human activity can be understood and interpreted. I argue that it is essential for cross-cultural psychology to use and study both meanings of the field concept if we are to make valid interpretations of the origins (roots) and the influences (routes) on behaviors that we observe and assess in our research and practice. Starting over 100 years ago, collaboration between anthropologists and psychologists established the field of cross-cultural psychology. This collaboration continued for many years, but has diminished in recent times. I argue for the necessity to return to the field in both senses in order for our field to advance. This paper examines these two meanings in the disciplines of anthropology and psychology, and presents some elaborations of them, using the ecocultural framework as a general guide, and an arc framework as a specific exposition of it. Examples of fieldwork in psychology and anthropology are presented to provide substance to these frameworks. The claim is made that our discipline has largely abandoned the concept of the field, and proposes a way to correct this error.

Principles and Practices of Methodology and Methods in Cross-Cultural Psychology

Principles of methodology in (cross-)cultural psychology are discussed and how these work out in practice. We propose that the frequently mentioned contrasts between context-specificity and universality of psychological functioning, and between qualitative and quantitative research traditions can be transcended by an empirical cycle in which both qualitative methods geared to exploration and quantitative methods geared to testing of hypotheses are acknowledged. We note issues in research due to non-random sampling, lack of psychometric equivalence of data, and nesting of individuals in populations. We argue that concerns about poor reproducibility in psychology cannot be ignored in cross-cultural psychology and make suggestions how research can be improved by treating this not as a threat but as an opportunity to expand cooperation.

The Ascent of Cross-Cultural Psychology

This special Issue of the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology celebrates the 50th anniversary of the founding of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP) in 1972. This article seeks to provide a summary of the main influences that led to its founding, and the events and activities that followed. In this article, we search for the many relationships between cultural and behavioral phenomena, beginning around the turn of the 20th century, and continuing to the present. This review follows a chronological sequence and is organized according to the main events that led to the founding of IACCP.

Women Across the History of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Research and Leadership

Across the years as interest in culture grew in the field of psychology, women contributed to its growth by leading research into new areas, such as children’s socialization and family dynamics, and acknowledging the critical role of the social and environmental context. Moreover, women were significant partners in team-led projects, developing methodologies that have been successfully employed to study cultural similarities and differences. Women have expanded psychological research in many domains, investigating the role of culture in cognitive areas, such as perceptual learning, cognition, and languages, as well as in social areas such as cultural stereotypes, acculturation, self-construal, attributions, and human development. Women have also investigated appropriate psychometric testing for valid assessments, critical for establishing equivalence in cross-cultural research. As women’s research voices grew, they have slowly advanced into important roles in academic organizations, such as IACCP. Although men continue to dominate leadership positions in IACCP and other similar organizations, women have become more visible in recent years. Indeed, women have made important research and leadership contributions to the growth and direction of cross-cultural psychology, and they will certainly continue to do so in the future.

Four Decades of Challenges by Culture to Mainstream Psychology: Finding Ways Forward

Over 5 days at the Nag’s Head Conference Center, USA in 1987, social and cross-cultural psychologists discussed what would be required if research relating to culture were to gain greater attention from psychology in general, and in particular from what was perceived at the time as its mainstream. The criteria for gaining greater credibility laid down by three leading social psychologists proved daunting in relation to the cross-cultural work presented at the meeting but subsequently inspired cross-culturalists to “raise their game.” In this paper, we describe these crucial challenges and how they have been addressed more recently by cross-cultural psychologists. We assess the extent to which studies focused on cultural differences are now thoughtfully represented in social, personality, and organizational psychology by briefly surveying the content of a single year’s issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Journal of International Business Studies, and the Journal of Personality in relation to the concurrent content of the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. We identify the perils of assimilation to psychology in general by diluting the concept of culture and by tyrannizing research with over-specified criteria of statistical rectitude. We also identify studies published in top-rated journals that have nonetheless advanced our field. We reiterate the need for defensible measures of cultural difference and methods for identifying and examining them as a basis for multi-level explanations of cultural effects and cultural change. We conclude by proposing a gold standard for assaying cross-cultural studies of psychological processes and outcomes.

A Half-Century Assessment of the Study of Culture and Emotion

Research on emotion and affective sciences is flourishing today like never before. The impetus for this surge is largely rooted in studies of emotion across cultures and coincides with the half century existence of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP). Beginning with studies initially documenting the universality of the expression and recognition of certain facial expressions of emotion in the 1970s, cross-cultural research was crucial in providing further evidence for the universality of antecedents, appraisals, subjective experiences, self-reported responses, and physiological reactions throughout the 1980s and 1990s. That same literature also demonstrated the existence of many cultural variations in these emotion domains, as well as in the concepts, language, attitudes, beliefs, and values about emotion. We review this literature with the goal of demonstrating some of the many meaningful and important contributions IACCP and cross-cultural studies have made to the field of emotion and affective sciences. This area of research has also been marred by considerable controversies for almost the entire period of study, and we describe those as well. We conclude with a presentation of current models of understanding the association between culture and emotion that integrate disparate cross-cultural findings and address controversies in the field, in the hope that such models can serve as a platform for renewed cross-cultural research in this area for the next half century and beyond.

Cross-Cultural Psychology à la française: An Overview of Interdisciplinary Intercultural Studies and Intercultural Psychology

The paper aims to show the international impact of 50 years of cross-cultural psychology on interdisciplinary intercultural studies and intercultural psychology, as developed in French-speaking countries. An original overview of the most prominent research carried out by Association pour la Recherche Interculturelle (ARIC, Association for Intercultural Research) and the research team Interculturation Psychique et Contacts Culturels (IPCC, Psychological Interculturation and Cultural Contacts) is suggested, while tending to cover the worldwide research related to the individual in intercultural situations. ARIC’s main topics are education, socio-political aspects and identity, individual, and cultures. This international association focuses on the articulation of research and practice to propose better policies to multicultural societies. In this perspective, it has carried out research about the immigration challenges considering the immigrants as well as the host societies. As it concerns intercultural psychology, it develops according to interculturation, that is, the psychological process that allows to overcome the cultural differences. It shapes intercultural personality and identity and the cognitive, affective and behavioral reactions of individuals or groups in any cultural contact. The various fields of application of both underline the undoubtable influence of cross-cultural psychology and the possibilities for further in-depth collaboration due to mutual contributions.

The Psychology of Communication: The Interplay Between Language and Culture Through Time

Human behavior is often guided by the development and use of language as a means of communication and as a way to represent thoughts and knowledge. Notions of linguistic relativity and the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis indicate that language plays a role in structuring the worldview and perceptions of individuals. The current work will explore how those perceptions are not only guided by language but are also moderated by culture and the beliefs, mores, and ideas that are sanctioned and regulated by a given cultural group. Papers, chapters, and books that have demonstrated the ways in which culture moderates behavior by way of the language that is used to express that culture will be of primary focus. Moreover, a developmental view of language learning will frame this approach in learning how language, culture, and thought have been examined and assessed as a way of describing how, together, they moderate human behavior. Is there truly evidence of linguistic relativity? Does language serve as the primary moderator of thought, or do cultural influences play a more pressing role in cognitive thought processes for a given group? Developments in theory, methods, and data that help explore these concepts through their publication in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology as well as other outlets will be presented and discussed as a framework that can be developed to generate future research questions, testing paradigms, and experimental approaches—both basic and applied.