Cross-cultural Interactions Research Articles

ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ КРОСКУЛЬТУРНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В УКРАЇНІ

JEL Classification: J53,J8, M14,M59 DOI: http://doi.org/10.34025/2310-8185-2022-3.87.07 Andriy Kruhlyanko, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-2901 Oksana Verstiak, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-4964 Inna Kormakova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Lecturer, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-9396 Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of SUTE, Chernivtsi THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS- CULTURAL MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE Summary Cross-cultural interaction is becoming an increasingly important problem in the modern world: business relations are expanding, multinational teams of managers are being formed, transnational companies are developing, international public associations are being organized, and intercultural relations are growing. The emergence of international management in the nineties is determined by the emergence of new management problems in large international companies with multinational staff. Organization of the corporate work of the personnel with different cultural attitudes requires studying the patterns of interaction in a multinational environment. Cross-cultural interactions began to concern the problems of group dynamics, taking into account national traditions and cultural differences. The integration of Ukraine into the European community requires knowledge and skills of cross-cultural communication, adaptation of own management model to modern European requirements, which determined the choice of this research topic.The theoretical and methodological basis of the research are the fundamental provisions of management and international economics; formal logics; general scientific theoretical methods of generalization, comparison, which involves a consistent and structural analysis of basic terms and concepts (when researching the essence and content, forming the concept of "cross-cultural management"); combination of systematic and logical-sequential analysis methods, synthesis for the study of cross-cultural management problems. The purpose of the article is to determine the problems of the development of cross- cultural management in Ukraine. The essence and nature of cross-cultural management is studied; the main problems of the development of cross-cultural management in Ukraine are highlighted and considered; the necessity of adapting the Ukrainian management model to modern European realities is substantiated; ways to improve cross-cultural communication during war are suggested. The proposed problems of the development of cross-cultural management in Ukraine can be used for the practical solution of tasks related to the processes of adapting the Ukrainian model of management to modern European realities.

Promoting the International Education by Means of Cutting Edge Technologies

Abstract. The actuality of our research can be proven with the fact that the current stage of the development of world society is characterized by the growing role of international education as a component of the process of deepening and diversifying political, socio-cultural, economic ties between states within the framework of the globalization of the world space. In the article the problem of international cooperation in the higher education sphere is examined, it is accented attention to the necessity of strengthening of this component as an important factor of integration of the national education system into global educational space and strengthening of it competitiveness at the market of educational services. The process of modernization of education is outlined in the National Doctrine of Education Development, approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated April 17, 2002 No. 347/2002. The national doctrine states that education should prepare a person organically adapted to life in a multifaceted world of connections – from contacts with the immediate environment to global connections. It becomes obvious that the state will be more successful, more its citizens will be able to communicate with the world. Therefore, it is necessary to form a personality capable of perceiving and creating changes, determined to perceive change as a natural norm. The purpose of the article was to study the essence of international education, its development in Ukraine and determination of the need for cross-cultural training of youth in Ukrainian universities, which is aimed at formation of individual readiness for effective cross-cultural interaction. In our research we described the modern ways of international education using cutting edge technologies, such as Collaborative Online International Learning and M.S.Ed. in International and Comparative Education (Online). An analysis of the various international educational programs was carried out and shows that the European area of higher education is actively developing, is enriched by both regulatory acts and various forms of cooperation, ensuring through broad cooperation and unification of joint efforts and permanent modernization of the systems of higher education of the countries participating in the Bologna who process in accordance with the requirements of knowledge-oriented and high-tech education. The researchers of the international education point to progress in the development of the higher education system of EU education and at the same time point out that there are certain difficulties and debatable issues which need to be decided in the process of its further development. For this purpose, developed countries are intensifying the competitive struggle for leadership in the world education system as an effective tool of influence in the field of international relations. Key words: European integration; Erasmus program; Tempus program; international cooperation, global educational space, mobility, competitiveness.

PERSEPSI GURU TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ETNIK RENTAS AGAMA DAN BUDAYA DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR

Sabah society is well-known for its open-mindedness and high level of tolerance. Cross-religious and cross-cultural ethnic interactions occur in harmony without any issues likely to trigger societal unease including within the settings of educational institutions. The objective of this study was to provide evidence for this assertion through a quantitative examination of the perceptions of teachers on the aspect of cross-religious and cross-cultural ethnic interaction among students. Respondents in the study comprised 77 teachers from several secondary schools in the district of Kota Kinabalu. Analysis of the questionnaire indicated that from the teachers’ perspective, cross-religious and cross-cultural ethnic interaction among students was actually positive and encouraging. In these interactions, students were respectful of each other, willing and happy to work together in any school programme, not hesitant to ask for help from friends of other religions and culture, at ease interacting and discussing academic matters together, and ready to learn new things from their friends of different religious and cultural backgrounds. This scenario is an important cornerstone to the multi-racial societal harmony in Sabah which needs to be emphasised to ensure its continuity in Sabah society specifically and in Malaysia in general.

Enhanced source memory for cheaters with higher resemblance to own-culture typical faces.

Recent evidence suggests that culture-specific face typicality has an impact on making trait judgments. Additionally, facial resemblance to one's culture-typical faces causes them to be perceived as reliable, less dangerous, and more accurately recognized. When judging persons from other cultural origins, one's own culture's face standards might shape inferences, behavior, and memory. In this study, the partners' facial resemblance to participants' culturally typical faces was manipulated using target faces, considered to be higher or lower, similar to people living in the participants' hometown. Participants were asked to invest in a company together with partners who have a higher and lower resemblance to their own-culture typical faces in a cooperation game. The results showed that facial resemblance to own-culture typical faces affected investment preferences. Partners with a higher resemblance to own-culture typical faces were more correctly distinguished in the old-new recognition memory task. The study found that partners with a higher resemblance to own-culture typical faces had a source memory advantage for cheating behaviors. These results confirmed that a higher resemblance to own-culture typical faces provide an advantage in cross-cultural interactions, allowing them to become better recognized. Additionally, enhanced source memory for cheaters with higher resemblance to own-culture typical faces may indicate a flexible cognitive system that is sensitive to information that violates social expectations.

Online media and global communication research in Nigeria

Abstract The growth of global online media necessitates a better knowledge of how these media affect the world. Communication researchers have examined how rhetoric and globalization interact dynamically; how information spreads through cross-cultural interactions, and how a growing global media landscape affects culture, society, economy, and politics. However, no study has aggregated the areas of focus of such studies in order to establish a trend of the discussion of online media and global communication scholarship in Nigeria. In this essay, we offer a pathway for understanding approaches to scholarship in online media and global communication in Nigeria. We review all articles on online media and global communication that were published in two Nigerian academic journals, The Nigerian Journal of Communication and the Journal of Communication and Media Research between 2015 and 2021 using our content categories of authorship, theory/theories used, study population, method of study and research focus. We found that social media, which has proved to be a very hot area of research among scholars worldwide, also occupied the pride of place among Nigerian scholars and that collaboration in research, which is a major way of growing and advancing knowledge, was also significantly common among Nigerian communication researchers. On the low side, however, we found, among others, that lack of funding was a major issue in Nigerian communication research as none of the 73 articles that we analyzed was funded.

Marginal Communities and Cooperative Strategies in the Kerma Pastoral State

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between marginal Nubian communities—who are culturally different and who occupy peripheral contexts—and the Kerma “pastoral state” in Upper Nubia during the Classic Kerma period (1750–1550 BCE). It is argued that the funerary assemblages of two such communities—Mirgissa and al-Widay I—document localized identities and active roles in cross-cultural interactions with other cultural groups. These interactions and identities may have been intentionally encouraged and utilized by the Kerma state in order to gain access to exchange systems and maintain power within a more decentralized “pastoral state.” Cooperative processes such as commensality and social reception presented mechanisms for forming friendly relationships with these communities and a variety of Nile valley and desert groups and polities. It is argued that these communities were not marginalized and exploited by the state and but instead used their marginality to achieve degrees of autonomy and form their own localized practices.

A free-associative experiment for identifying the factors for the personal development of youth in the context of professional education

In the conditions of rapid changes taking place in the socio-economic life of Kazakhstan, much attention is paid to young people who are gradually taking active positions in the economic, political, and cultural spheres. Young people are aimed at developing and promoting their initiatives, mainly starting to implement them during the professional training.  In these conditions, the socio-cultural potential of the youth acts as a combination of qualities and capabilities of the younger generation, formed under the influence of certain factors and a professionally oriented educational environment. From this perspective, we should determine these factors in accordance with the realities of modern times and youth's point of view. The purpose of the research was to determine the structure of significant indicators for youth’s socio-cultural potential development in the context of professional education via the free-associative method. It was considered how the different categories of respondents react to the incentive words and phrases such as "youth", "youth's socio-cultural potential", "socio-cultural environment", and "cross-cultural interaction".  Interpretation of the obtained results allows us to divide associations based on keywords and the repeatability sums values of the mentions into groups that make up the semantic core for each definition. As a consequence, twenty cognitive paradigmatic signs with a positive connotation were identified. The scientific value and novelty of the work arrows in proving the possibility of using the free-associative method for the definition of the logical components of the concepts in accordance to the ideas of a certain social group about it. The main conclusions of the research confirm that the youth of Kazakhstan, as a social group, has a formed structure of associations regarding the role and status of youth in society and the development of socio-cultural potential, including in conditions of intercultural interaction. The practical significance of the results provides a base for the determination of the socio-cultural potential of youth indicators in the professional study field. Key words: associative method, frequent reactions, semantic core, socio-cultural interaction, youth.

"The Native Produce of this Island": Processes of Invention in Early Barbados

Starting in the 1620s, Englishmen, enslaved Africans, and Indigenous people from the greater Caribbean lived and labored on the Caribbean island of Barbados. Through free and forced migrations, they carried unique understandings of how to make and consume alcohol with them. Once on Barbados, American, African, and European ideas and technologies coexisted and sometimes intersected. By the 1640s, rum emerged from this maelstrom—it was an invention of the Atlantic world. A close examination of the alcohols that early inhabitants made and consumed complicates assumptions that ideas and innovations from one region could conquer the Atlantic world. It unveils how the colonization of Barbados and attendant enslavement of African and Indigenous people unleashed the creative collisions of skilled practitioners, agricultural products, technologies, and ideas surrounding consumption. Initially designed to satisfy local tastes, tracing the processes of invention surrounding rum and other alcoholic beverages demonstrates how experimentation and the development of taste preceded commodification. Understanding how rum became the "native produce" of Barbados shows us how cross-cultural interactions in the early modern Caribbean—which tied together the broader Atlantic world—created new worlds for all.

The Cultural Transformation of the Trope of the Renegade in Late Seventeenth- and Early Nineteenth-Century English Drama

This article examines the transformation of the trope of the renegade character in late seventeenth-and early nineteenth-century English drama, as represented by John Dryden’s Don Sebastian (1689) and its adaptation by Frederick Reynolds as The Renegade (1812). Reynolds adopts the trope of Restoration ‘cultural renegade’, or what I call ‘Restoration gone cultural revolutionary protagonist’, to reflect on the military alliance between England of George III and the Oriental Muslims in Egypt in 1801 against their common enemy, Napoleon Bonaparte. The renegade character in the plays of Dryden and Reynolds transcends religious limitations of the negative connotations of betrayal and fosters cross-cultural interactions.

World Christianity and Indigenous Experience: A Global History, 1500–2000, by David Lindenfeld.

<i>World Christianity and Indigenous Experience: A Global History, 1500–2000</i>, by David Lindenfeld.

Shared Fairness Perceptions of Chinese Subordinates and German Supervisors

Enriching organizational justice literature with insights from cultural identity negotiation theory, our explorative, qualitative study develops an evidence-based model illuminating how culturally diverse subordinates and supervisors can achieve through their cross-cultural interactions shared fairness perceptions. Our analysis is based on a complex research design comprising in total 133 interviews in China and in Germany from Chinese subordinates of German supervisors, German subordinates of Chinese supervisors, Chinese supervisors of German subordinates and from German supervisors of Chinese subordinates. As a result of our empirically induced theorizing, we came to understand the centrality of inter-linked cultural identity negotiation processes. Only those subordinates and supervisors who were willing and able to engage in such processes, once they came into contact with the other respective party, succeeded in arriving at the approximation of previously more distinct fairness perceptions and ultimately to a partially shared understanding of fairness. In addition, we found various moderating factors influencing the cultural identity negotiation processes. From these factors cultural preservation, i.e., the degree to which the subordinates and supervisors cling to their original cultural identity, was by far the most important one.

Human Mobility and Dismantling Cultural Dominance

The rapidly increasing effects of globalisation is currently challenging many countries in ASEAN to think more creatively around their approach to human capability development to ensure economic viability. The intensified crossing of national and cultural borders, the emergence of transcendent communication technologies, and the increasing ease of human mobility are reshaping our approaches to international engagement and collaboration. These cross-cultural interactions will become even more important in a post-Covid-19 world as markets and trade open and a renewed effort to aggressively compete for limited talent begins. The future of the workforce is facing significant disruptions, and the competition for talent takes place from a global pool in which many nations are competing. This paper argues that intercultural approaches in business and management are critical to operating in this global environment. In an attempt to more clearly understand the intercultural management approaches needed in this interconnected, interdependent and globalised trading environment, this paper has used an action research approach to examine what (Hollingsworth &amp; Cody, 1995) describes as ‘relational knowledge’. These structured collaborative conversations have their origins in practitioner interactions within human capability development interventions in Indonesia. It is intended that the cultural responses received from our Indonesian project partners and collaborators will form the basis for a meaningful approach to respectful engagement. By framing the action research cycle through an examination of the impacts on human mobility, we can reveal the layers of cultural dominance. The authors concur with (Nagle, 2009) and (Rattansi, 2011), who both view interculturalism as a valuable enabler to encourage cross-cultural dialogue and challenge self-segregation tendencies within cultures.

A Hierarchical Meta-Analytical Approach to Western European Dietary Transitions in the First Millennium AD

During the first millenniumad,Europe saw much socio-environmental change, which is reflected in the archaeological and palaeoecological evidence. Using published and new isotope data from across western Europe, the author examines changing resource use fromc.ad350 to 1200. The geographical limits of millet and substantial marine consumption are identified and comparisons between childhood and adult diets made across regions. Cross-cultural interaction at a broad scale is emphasized and patterns within early medieval England form the subject of an in-depth case study. While doubt is cast onto the uptake of marine resource consumption in England following the Fish Event Horizon, changes in agricultural practices, the impact of Christianization, and the role of freshwater fish in diets are explored. The author's hierarchical meta-analytical approach enables identification of human–environment interactions, with significant implications for changing foodways in Europe during the first millenniumad.

The Perception of Medical Doctors on the Part of Hindu, Russian and Kazakh Linguoculture Bearers: Association Experiment

The objective of the article is to study the perception of medical doctors by Hindu, Russian and Kazakh linguoculture bearers by means of cognitive analysis of association data obtained from the psycholinguistic experimental study conducted among Hindi, Russian and Kazakh native speakers. Methods of the research include a free association experiment with a stimulus words डॉक्टर in Hindi, врач in Russian, and дəрігер in Kazakh, modelling the associative field DOCTOR and its cognitive structure, defining the universal and ethno-specific features of medical doctors as perceived by the representatives of Indian, Russian and Kazakh nations. The obtained associative data were distributed according to the frequency criterion, followed by content analysis and categorization. As a result, while comparing association fields in Hindi, Russian, and Kazakh languages the quantitative asymmetry of semantic zones and their associates is revealed. Conceptualization of medical doctors in the Hindu, Russian and Kazakh language consciousness includes both universal and ethno-specific features. The results of the study integrate the experiences of different nations simplifying the perception of their peculiarities, and may have a positive impact on cross-cultural interactions.

Ideologies in Second Language Learning: The Case of Korean Address Terms

ABSTRACT This paper explores how textbooks for second language learners make ideologically motivated decisions regarding which forms of the target language are included in the curriculum. We explore this question via an analysis of Korean language textbooks, at a time when Korean society is becoming increasingly globalized and multicultural. The focus is on the representation of the highly developed system of address terms in Korean. Although address terms are known to play an important role in shaping intimacy and hierarchy in Korean interactions, textbooks represent them in vastly simplified ways. Through complementing the textbook analysis with survey data from native speakers and L2 learners, we see that these simplified patterns correspond somewhat to perceptions of how these culturally-imbued markers of intimacy and hierarchy would be used in cross-cultural interactions, which persist despite the moves towards multiculturalism. These perceptions are variegated depending on ethno-national identity, and co-constructed by the L2 learners themselves.

From Cultural Tourism to Social Entrepreneurship: Role of Social Value Creation for Environmental Sustainability.

Cross-cultural exchanges among the locals and the tourists have been beneficial in terms of social value creation and sustainability. The present study has examined the role of cultural tourism and social entrepreneurship on social value creation and environmental sustainability. The study has drawn a sample through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method for desired data collection, as investigators approached tourists visiting the tourism destinations. The study reports data received with the help of tourists visiting cultural heritage in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. The study has employed the PLS_SEM approach for analysis purposes to draw the results. The findings showed a significant relationship between cultural tourism, environmental sustainability, and social value creation that significantly predicts environmental sustainability. The results revealed a significant positive association between social entrepreneurship, social value creation, and environmental sustainability. Besides, results showed that social value creation mediates the relationship between cultural tourism and environmental sustainability and social entrepreneurship and environmental sustainability. The study’s findings climax the importance of cross-cultural interactions that enriches the cultural understanding and gives new perspectives to the existing cultural traditions. Pursuing environmental sustainability through social value creation requires an excellent combination of the administrative and political collaborative strategy that integrates cultural tourism and social entrepreneurship in tourist destination development and aims to attain improved tourist attractions. Besides, this research identifies a significant effect of cultural tourism on environmental sustainability. However, the relationship between tourism and environmental sustainability is bidirectional. It might provide direction for further study. The findings deliver valuable insight into global cultural tourism and social entrepreneurship activities that provide tourism destinations for community development. This investigation produces a systematic and holistic research framework to help explore the influence of cultural tourism and social value creation on the environmental sustainability at tourism destinations. The generalizability of the findings supplies helpful directions for future research on environmental sustainability related to social entrepreneurship and cultural tourism that leads to social value creation.

Bound in captivity: intersections of viking raiding, slaving, and settlement in Western Europe during the ninth century CE

ABSTRACT The Viking Age (c. 750–1050 CE) was a time of extensive upheaval and disruption across the northern world. From the late eighth century, historical sources indicate that viking groups were engaging in both short-term and extended campaigns of raiding and plunder. In addition to seeking portable wealth and commodities, it is apparent that raiders also sought captives, many of whom were taken and held in encampments where they were ransomed, exploited, or sold into slavery. While these sites served an important function as defensive strongholds and staging posts for viking raiding activity, recent studies have demonstrated that they were also militarized centres of production and exchange that, in some cases, became nodal marketplaces that were embedded within both regional and long-distance networks of communication and trade. Focusing in particular on the ninth century, this study will examine the ways in which captive-taking and slaving intersected with the emergence and development of these locales, as well as the role of these activities in shaping wider processes of communication, diplomacy, and cross-cultural interaction within landscapes of conflict and settlement.

Биографические основы творческого мировоззрения Джеффри Евгенидиса

The aim of the study is to assess the degree of biography influence on the formation of the author’s crosscultural synthesis conception in the prose of the American writer J. Eugenides. The article examines the features of the national-specific colouring of J. Eugenides’s poetics in the context of the multiculturalism phenomenon. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the lack of research of the author’s artistic conception of crosscultural interaction and the substantiation of the importance of studying multiculturalism while interpreting modern American literary works. As a result, the main features of crosscultural synthesis organization in J. Eugenides’s prose are highlighted. This synthesis manifests itself primarily in the impossibility for the characters to make an important choice without taking into account generally accepted and socially approved norms.

Applying ‘cultural humility’ to occupational therapy practice: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionCultural humility is becoming increasingly important in healthcare delivery. Recognition of power imbalances between clients and healthcare providers is critical to enhancing cross-cultural interactions in healthcare delivery. While cultural humility...

Food, Diversity, and Cultural Identity

The Rainbow Community Garden is a place for new immigrant and refugee families in Winnipeg to grow their own food. Using the Rainbow Community Garden as a case study, this paper contributes to ongoing discussions about community gardening by applying an anthropological lens to the multilayered meanings of agriculture in urban environments. This paper is focused on the benefits and challenges of community gardening in the context of new immigrant and refugee experiences. Through a literature review and interviews with gardeners, the role of food and community gardens as a means of facilitating cross cultural interactions, providing culturally appropriate food for new immigrants and refugees, and expressing cultural identity is brought into emphasis. I draw on Strunk and Richardson’s (2019) concepts of the material, imagined, and community’s garden, to reflect on the different ways in which the community garden is used and experienced by immigrant and refugee gardeners. The main conclusion of this research is that, in the context of new immigrant and refugee participation in community gardening, a garden is not only the physical soil, vegetables, and flowers, but also an important place for practicing one’s culture and for engaging in meaningful cross cultural interaction that is beneficial in adjusting to a new life in Canada.