Spring Wheat Crop Research Articles

The effect of magnesium-containing fertilizers on spring soft wheat in the Central Non-Chernozem region

Mineral nutrition from all external factors has a leading role on the size and quality of the crop. The results of scientific research on the basis of the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FNAC VIM on the optimization of mineral nutrition in spring wheat crops are presented. All experimental studies were carried out on spring soft wheat crops of the Arsea variety. The variety is medium-ripened, highly productive, resistant to lodging and diseases. It has high and stable baking qualities over the years: protein 14-17 %, gluten content in flour 32-44 %, valuable wheat. The use of magnesium fertilizers made it possible to increase the productivity of the crop and form grain with high quality indicators. It was found that the use of magnesium fertilizers in all variants allowed to obtain additional harvests of spring soft wheat more control by 0.04-0.37 t/ha or 0.8-7.0 %. They also affected the formation of a productive stem by increasing it by 4.1-19.0 % or by 19-90 pcs/m2. Magnesium fertilizers also showed a positive effect on the formation of structural elements, the number of grains from the ear and the weight of grain from the ear increased by 2.3-7.4 % and 1.9-7.8 %, respectively. The mass of 1000 grains with the use of fertilizers increased by 0.9-4.3 % compared to the control. In our studies, in addition to crop productivity, the effect of fertilizers on grain quality was evaluated. The maximum dose of application of granulated Agromage to the soil (200 kg / ha) and subsequent additional top dressing on the sheet of Agromage Actimax at a dose of 6 l / ha allowed to improve the quality of products, the protein content in grains increased by 0.9 %.

РОЛЬ СОРТА И ОСНОВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ ЯРОВОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРЕДВОЛЖСКОЙ ЗОНЫ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of fertilizers, plant protection products, increasing yields and applying quality based on the selection of soft wheat varieties. Reserve study in 2020-2021 on chernozem soils of Avangard LLC, Buinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The agrochemical characteristics of the soil of the experimental plot are as follows: in the presence of 0-20 cm of humus (7.0-8.5%), P2O5 - 182-255 mg/kg, K2O - 159-193 mg/kg and soil acidity (pHsalt) - 5.5-5.8. Chemical analyzes of soils were implemented in the Federal State Budgetary Institution, the Central Agrochemical Service “Tatarsky” for the impact of methods: humus content (GOST 26213-91), pHsol. (GOST 26484-85), R2O5 and K2O (GOST 26207-91). The meteorological conditions during the years of research differed sharply. In 2020, the HTC amounted to 1.18 during the growing season of spring wheat, and in 2021 - 0.37, which had a very negative impact on the formation of the spring wheat crop. In the years of research, such varieties as Yoldyz and Ekada 109 turned out to be the most early-ripening. The duration of the growing season in 2020 was 96-102 days, in 2021 - 86-88 days. On average, over two years, the varieties Ekada 109 turned out to be more responsive to fertilization, yield increase, compared to the natural background - 0.81 t/ha, Arkhat - 0.48 t/ha, Balkysh - 0.46 t/ha and Burlak – 0.45 t/ha. For 2020-2021, in relation to the standard variety, the maximum increase in yield was provided by the varieties Ekada 109 - 0.93 t/ha, Yoldyz - 0.46 and Burlak - 0.44 t/ha against an unfertilized background, and with the introduction of NRK - 1,5; 0.66 and 0.49 t/ha, respectively. Spring wheat grains with a high content of protein and a mass fraction of gluten were formed against the background of the use of fertilizers in such varieties as Ekada 109 - 14.3 -14.8 and 28.0-28.6%, Yoldyz - 14.0 - 14.2 and 26.0-26.3%, Burlak - 14.7-15.0 and 25.7-26.1%. The quality of gluten (according to IDK) in the same varieties on both backgrounds of nutrition, belonged to groups I-II.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Combined Use of Humic Fertilizer and Herbicides in Spring Wheat Crops

The use of herbicides is a necessity of modern agricultural production. Adaptogenic compounds, such as humic substances, will help minimize the harm from their use. There are few studies on the combined use of herbicides and humates, so the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined use of humic fertilizer and herbicides in spring soft wheat crops and their effect on grain yield and quality indicators. The research was carried out in 2018-2020 in the Beregovoy agricultural production cooperative in the Kemerovo region of Russia. Variants of the experiment: 1. Treatment with Magnum Super herbicide, 10 g/ha + humic fertilizer “Healthy Harvest”, 1 l/ha. 2. Gorgon herbicide treatment, 0.17 l/ha + Healthy harvest, 1 l/ha. 3. Plugger herbicide treatment, 15 g/ha + Healthy crop, 1 l/ha. The high efficiency of treatment with the Plugger preparation together with the humic fertilizer “Healthy Harvest” was established. Two other drugs, Magnum Super and Gorgon, effectively reduced the infection of wheat crops with bedstraw, beautiful pikulnik, white goosefoot, Tatar buckwheat. Yield increase ranged from 1.8 t/ha (Magnum Super) to 2.9 t/ha (Plugger). Herbicides and humic fertilizer did not affect the content of raw gluten and increased grain vitreousness by 1-2%. Thus, the study proved the effectiveness of the combined use of herbicides and humic compounds on wheat crops. How to Cite: E. P. Kondratenko, O. M. Soboleva, N. V. Verbitskaya, L. A. Filipovich, 2022. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Combined Use of Humic Fertilizer and Herbicides in Spring Wheat Crops." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, vol. 9, pp. 130-136.

Comparative analysis of segetal vegetation in different climatic zones of the Northern Trans-Urals

The article presents the results on the species composition of the segetal component in different climatic zones of the Tyumen region based on an assessment of research data in the period of 2017-2019. The study of weed flora was carried out in crops of spring wheat in the Aromashevsk and Tyumen regions. The weed component in spring wheat crops is represented by species that are most often observed in these areas during phytosanitary monitoring. At the same time, the greatest variety of plant species adapted to grow in agricultural crops was recorded in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe. During the years of research, early spring segetal plants were most widespread, their number in the tillering phase of spring wheat was the highest among other biological groups. As a result of the research, it was determined that the change in the composition of the segetal component in the agrophytocenosis of spring wheat depends on the climatic and soil conditions of the study area.

Мониторинг видового состава вредителей яровой пшеницы на северо-востоке Казахстана

To prevent losses of wheat yield from pests, it is necessary to update information on the patterns of formation of the phytosanitary situation in agrobiocenoses, according to which protective measures are planned and organized. The aim of the scientific study is to monitor the phytophages of spring wheat according to ecological and geographical zones in the North-East of Kazakhstan (on the example of Pavlodar region). In the course of research, the evolutionary-ecological strategies of adaptations and life cycle tactics of phytophages in spring wheat crops, their trophic relationships, migration routes from crops to stations, and vice versa, influence of weather conditions of the growing season on reproduction, nutrition and their activity in agrocenoses, depending on the development phase of wheat were studied. The results obtained showed that starting from the germination and up to the stem elongation phase, cereal crops were colonized by latent-stem pests and Phyllotreta vittula. Schizaphis graminum, Psammotettix striatus, Trigonotylus ruficornis and Haplothrips tritici dominated in the stem elongation and heading phases. Haplothrips tritici in two forms (larvae and adults) and Schizaphis graminum dominated in the phase of grain formation-filling and milk development phase. The study showed that during the initial phases of wheat development, the majority of pests develop and feed on wild weed plants, subsequently migrating to the cereals. Thus, the conducted spring wheat crops research identified a complex of dominant crop pests (Haplothrips tritici, Chaetocnema hortensis, Phyllotreta vittula, Trigonotylus ruficornis, Psammotettix striatus) in the conditions of the North-East of Kazakhstan, but their distribution in general across the districts of the region and for different precedings is uneven.

The Effect of Differentiated Nitrogen Fertilization using Satellite Navigation Systems on the Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop Yield in the Conditions of Chernozem-Like Soils in the Northern Forest Steppe of the Tyumen Region of Russia

Soil cultivation without layers turnover impeded the process of nitrate nitrogen accumulation compared with plowing. The traditional scheme of mineral fertilization applying the averaged standard did not create a heterogeneous level of nutrient supply in primary soil cultivation systems. These factors set them in unequal conditions by default in terms of nitrogen supply to crops. Solid mineral fertilization with the use of precision farming systems in subcompartments, taking into consideration nutrient concentration in soil and the estimated crop yield changes the function of nitrogen status formation. The aim was to study nitrogen status while applying an innovative approach to primary soil cultivation using satellite navigation systems. The experiments were carried out on meadow-chernozem, and nitrogen status was studied in plowing, differentiated, subsurface tillage, and soil cultivation without layers turnover. Nitrate nitrogen was defined by the ionometric method. Moderate supply was registered in plowing and differentiated tillage in the 0-20 cm layer with 10.1-11.8 mg/kg. During the tillering phase, N-NО3 supply amounted to 16.6-15.2 mg/kg which indicated a high supply of crop plants. On fields with subsurface tillage and no primary soil cultivation, a moderate supply of nitrate nitrogen was observed-10.1-10.8 mg/kg. Innovative technology including differentiated mineral fertilization decreased spatial variability of N-NO3 supply to 8.2-10.4 mg/kg before spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeding, during tillering phase its variability dropped to 15.3%, having the benefit of accumulation with resource-saving tillage: 11.9-12.7 mg/kg. Optimization of nitrogenous nutrition in the case of differentiated mineral fertilization with precision farming systems application in off-line mode helped achieve the maximum spring wheat yield-3.63-4.03 t/ha in soil cultivation without turning over layers.

ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ, СЛАГАЮЩИЕ УРОЖАЙ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ СОРТА ЙОЛДЫЗ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПОРАЖЕНИЯ КОРНЕВОЙ ГНИЛЬЮ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРЕДКАМЬЯ РТ

The research was carried out to study the effect of the infestation of spring wheat plants of the Yoldyz variety by root rot on individual elements of the crop structure. During 2018-2019, experiments were conducted at the experimental field of the Kazan State Agrarian University on the basis of the Agrobiotechnopark, laboratory analyses were conducted at the Center for agroecological Research of the Institute of Agrobiotechnologies and Land Use. Experiments have shown that the survival rate of spring wheat plants in growing conditions was the lower, the higher the degree of their root rot disease. In the germination phase, 13.2-15.6% of plants were affected, and by wax ripeness, the lesion increased by 9.3-19.1%. Against the background of mineral nutrition N123P73K108, the lesion was 11.2% lower than against the background without fertilizers. With an increase in the degree of the disease, the ear of the ear decreases. In healthy plants, the number of grains in the ear was 21.4-25.3 pieces, and in severely affected plants – 8.0-13.4 pieces. Grain yield losses from root rot amounted to 0.54-0.69 t/ha. On the fertilized background of nutrition, losses were less by 0.15 tons per 1 ha, which is undoubtedly due to an increase in the resistance of spring wheat plants to root rot. The potential of spring wheat of the Yoldyz variety was realized through three main elements of the crop structure: a productive stem per unit area, the ear of the ear and the mass of 1000 grains. The effect of root rot on the elements of the structure of the spring wheat crop depends on the degree of root rot damage. The disease reduces the productive stem, the ear of the ear and the mass of 1000 grains more significantly with a 3-point lesion. Reducing the degree of damage to the root rot of spring wheat under conditions of application of calculated doses of fertilizers contributes to improving the elements of the crop structure and obtaining a high yield of grain of this crop.

Efficiency of foliar fertilization of spring wheat variety of String myronivska by zinc and manganese in Polissia of Ukraine

The results of foliar fertilization of spring wheat crops of Struna myronivska variety with aqueous solutions of zinc, manganese and their chelated analogues in EDTA (zinc and manganese complexates) at different stages of plant growth and development are presented. The research was conducted on sodmedium podzolic gley sandy soils of Polissia contaminated by radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident. On the average, in 2014–2016 yy. the foliar fertilization of crops at different stages of growth and development of plants the yield of grain and straw of spring wheat did not increased. However, a statistically significant effect of fertilization was observed in the arid conditions of 2015, caused by almost complete absence of precipitation during the second and third decades of May and the first decade of June against the background of high average daily temperatures. Foliar fertilization of crops with zinc solution and chelated forms of trace elements (EDTA) in drought conditions increased wheat grain yield by more than 30 % compared to the control. Foliar fertilization of wheat plants with manganese solution increased grain yield by at least 30 % regardless of the stage of plants growth and development at the time of spraying. Similar patterns were observed for straw. Under ordinary weather conditions (2014 and 2016) foliar fertilization did not increase wheat yield. It is also shown that with increasing yield of wheat grain due to foliar fertilization of crops with aqueous solutions of zinc, manganese and their chelated analogues (EDTA), the concentration of iron, manganese, copper and zinc decreases. The increase in the level of straw yield due to fertilization is negatively correlated with the concentration of zinc and boron in it (r = −0.57). Key words: soil, iron, potassium, wheat, manganese, copper, radiocaesium, zinc.

Связь урожайности яровой пшеницы с агрометеорологическими показателями на территории Северо-Казахстанской области Республики Казахстан

The features of agrometeorological conditions in the natural zones of the North Kazakhstan region during the period from 1991 to 2021 are investigated. The dependence of the spring wheat yield on total precipitation, the sum of effective air temperatures, moisture supply and aridity indices of the growing season is established. The results of the study will be useful for researchers and practical agronomists when solving the problems of rational use of spring wheat crops. Keywords: precipitation, air temperature, moisture availability, aridity, growing season, spring wheat

The effect of tank mixture of herbicides on the contamination of crops and productivity of spring wheat

Relevance. The main advantage of this method is its high biological efficiency (up to 90% or more) against the background of a quick payback from a significant increase in production due to the stored harvest. At the same time, in some cases, it becomes possible to manipulate the timing of the use of herbicides, taking into account their selectivity, operational qualities, as well as the industrial employment of the forces and means of an agricultural enterprise engaged in weed control. Therefore, the study and selection of modern herbicides in the fight against weeds is an urgent task of great practical importance.Methods. The object of research is a variety of spring soft wheat Zlata. The predecessor is potatoe. The seeding rate is 5.5 million. The scheme of the experiment included 2 options: 1) control (without the use of herbicides); 2) the use of a tank mixture of herbicides («Ballerina»+ «Bomba» + «Lastic Extra»). The sowing area of the crop is 3 ha, the area of the accounting plots is 50 m2, the repetition of the experiment is 3 times.Results. The conducted studies have shown that under experimental conditions, the share of juvenile monocotyledonous weeds in spring wheat crops accounted for 68.9%, of juvenile dicotyledonous weeds — for 31.1% of the total number. The most widespread among them were: Echinochla crusgalli — 68.9%, Chenopodium album — 13.1%, Amaranthus retroflexus — 6.2% and Galeopsis tetrahit — 5.2%. The use of a tank mixture of herbicides «Ballerina» + «Bomba» + «Lastic Extra» made it possible to reduce the number of weeds by 90.4–94.1%, reduce the loss of biological grain yield by 14%, ear weight —by 7%, productive bushiness — by 5%, weight of 1000 grains —by 2%, and also increase the yield of spring wheat grain by 0.68 t/ha and get an additional profit of 1.9 thousand rubles/ha.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО ЗЕРНА ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ НА ЧЕРНОЗЕМНЫХ ПОЧВАХ ПРЕДВОЛЖЬЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The article presents the results of two-year experiments (2020-2021) conducted in the conditions of Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The effect of mineral fertilizers on the content of the mass fraction of gluten and protein in wheat grain was studied. The productivity and grain quality of several wheat varieties included in the State Register for the 7th region were compared when using fertilizers at a dose of N10-14P24-26K16-37 and chemical plant protection products. It was found that from the application of fertilizers and the use of the plant protection unit, an increase in grain yield for the studied varieties was obtained from 0.32-0.92 t/ha compared with the control. The field experiment was conducted in LLC Avangard of Buinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The soil is leached chernozem and has the following agrochemical characteristics: humus content – 7.0-8.5%, mobile forms of phosphorus – 182-255 mg/kg, potassium – 159-193 mg/ kg and salt pH – 5.5-5.8.
 Agrochemical analyses of soils were performed in Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tatarskiy” by generally accepted methods: GOST 26213-91 (humus content), GOST 26484-85 (pHsol.), GOST 26207-91 (mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium).
 Meteorological conditions in 2020 were characterized by sufficient soil moisture and a moderate temperature regime during the growing season of spring wheat (GTK-1.28) and had a positive impact on the value of the future harvest.
 Meteorological indicators for the growing season of the research object in 2021 were extremely unfavorable for the formation of the crop. May and June were acutely arid, GTC-0.27. The precipitation in July (57% of the norm) did not have a significant impact on the formation of the spring wheat crop. From the application of fertilizers and the use of plant protection products, an increase in grain yield for the studied varieties from 0.32 to 0.92 t/ha was obtained compared to the variant without fertilizers and plant protection products. Improving the nutritional conditions of plants by applying mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the protein content of spring wheat grains and the protein content was 0.6 ... 0.8 higher, depending on the varietal characteristics of spring wheat, than on an unfertilized background. Under the conditions of chernozem soils of the Pre-Volga zone of the Republic of Tatarstan, the best results over the years of research were obtained in variants where the application of mineral fertilizers was combined with the use of plant protection products of such spring wheat varieties as Yoldyz, Burlak and Ekada 109. In the same variants, the highest protein content was noted in grain. The use of chemical protection against the background of mineral fertilizers in the varieties Yoldyz, Burlak, Ekada109 contributed to a significant increase in the gross collection of protein per unit area.

Effect of Clover Sward Management on Nitrogen Fixation and Performance of Following Spring- and Winter Wheat Crops; Results of a 3-Year Pilot Study

Wheat yields in organic production are significantly lower than those achieved in conventional farming systems and in Northern Europe organic farmers also struggle to achieve the processing quality levels demanded by millers and bakers, especially in winter-wheat crops. Here, we report the findings of a 3-year pilot study which investigated the potential of increasing grain yields and both standard processing (e.g., grain protein levels and specific weights) and selected nutritional (tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers) quality parameters via (i) changes in the management of clover crops grown before wheat (Rhizobium seed inoculation, application of greenwaste compost to clover swards) and (ii) use of new varieties developed in both the UK and continental Europe. Results indicate that the use of compost amendment to preceding clover swards significantly increased the grain protein levels in the three winter-wheat, but not the four spring-wheat varieties, and also significantly increases grain yields in one winter-wheat variety (Greina). In contrast, the use of Rhizobium-inoculation was found to significantly reduce protein concentrations in the winter-, but not spring wheat varieties, and had no significant effect on grain yields in both winter and spring wheat. However, analysis of variance detected significant interactions between Rhizobium seed inocula in clover pre-crops and (a) compost application for grain specific weights in winter-wheat and grain hardness in spring wheat crops and (b) variety for grain protein content in spring wheat crops. No significant effect of clover pre-crop management on tocopherol and tocotrienol isomer profiles could be detected, although significant differences between varieties were detected in both winter and spring wheat. Results of this pilot study need to be confirmed in future trials, but indicate that both (a) changes in clover-management practices and (b) the selections of wheat varieties that are more suitable for organic farming systems has the potential to increase grain yield and allow organic farmers to more frequently achieve baking or milling grade quality.

INFLUENCE OF MAIN ELEMENTS OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ON WEED INFESTATION OF CROPS AND SPRING WHEAT YIELD

A distinctive feature of the North-West region is sufficient, and in some years, excessive moisture supply, under which weeds form a significant vegetative mass and cause great harm to cultivated crops, including spring wheat. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of seeding amount, seed size, nitrogen nutrition and herbicide treatment on weed infestation of crops and spring wheat yield in the North-West region of the Russian Federation. According to the research results, it was revealed that introduction of medium (by 0.8-13.6%) and high (by 1.5-14.1%) doses of nitrogen fertilizers leads to significant increase of initial weed infestation of spring wheat, while seeding amount and seed size did not have a significant impact on the number and cover of weeds. Among all the factors studied in the experiment, herbicide treatment had the strongest positive effect on formation of spring wheat crop (by 1.5–4.5 times), but only in the conditions of strong and complex types of weed infestation. Application of average dose of nitrogen led to a significant increase of spring wheat yield throughout the research years (by 19.3-82.8%), whereas effectiveness of high dose directly depended on moisture conditions of initial stage of vegetative period. Seeding amount and especially fractional composition of the seed material had a slight effect on yield and main elements of the structure of spring wheat crop. Interaction of such factors as application of nitrogen fertilizers and herbicide treatment contributed to significant increase of spring wheat yield (by 23.4-183%). The highest grain yield of spring wheat throughout all research years was obtained on seed plots with a seeding amount of 6 million viable seeds/ha, application of a high dose of nitrogen fertilizers and herbicide application (51.1; 29.7 and 40.9 q/ha).

PHYTOPHAGES IN THE AGROCENOSIS OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE PAVLODAR REGION

To prevent losses of wheat yield from pests, it is necessary to update information on the patterns of formation of the phytosanitary situation in agrobiocenoses, according to which protective measures are planned and organized. In order to assess the phytosanitary situation of spring wheat crops, studies were carried out in the Pavlodar region, as one of the main regions of the republic for the production of grain of this crop. The paper reflects monitoring data on the phytophages population of spring wheat crops in the main grain-sowing areas of the Pavlodar region. The species composition of cereal crop pests that have a direct effect on productivity, qualitative and quantitative indicators of agricultural crops has been established. The obtained results showed that starting from the germination and up to the stem elongation phase, cereal crops were colonized by latent-stem pests and Phyllotreta vittula. Haplothrips tritici, Psammotettix striatus and Trigonotylus ruficornis dominated in the stem elongation and heading phases. Schizaphis graminum, Haplothrips tritici in two forms (larvae and adults) and Laodelphax striatella dominated in the phase of grain formation-filling and milk development phase. The study showed that during the initial phases of wheat development, the majority of pests develop and feed on wild weed plants, subsequently migrating to the cereals.

Минимизация токсического влияния меди на фотосинтетическую деятельность растений яровой пшеницы

The article presents the results of studying the influence of copper–contaminated soil (typical medium-loamy chernozem) on the development of the photosynthetic apparatus of spring wheat plants when using high-silicate rock - diatomite as a detoxifier. It was found that the photosynthetic activity of spring wheat crops when using diatomite at a dose of 5 t/ha together with doses of CuSO4 2, 4 and 10 MPC significantly exceeds the options without diatomite, which leads to an increase in yield, respectively. Keywords: SOIL CONTAMINATION WITH COPPER, DIATOMITE, ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE PRODUCTS

Structure of ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) community in the spring wheat crops of the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region

The species composition of the ground beetle community (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the spring wheat crop area in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia was researched for the period of 2019-2020. The ground beetle population was represented by 36 species from 14 genera. The genera Poecilus, Dolichus, and Harpalus were the most abundant, while the genera Pterostichus, Poecilus, Harpalus, and Amara had the highest species diversity. It was revealed that the dominant species in sites with conventional technology of spring wheat cultivation, are: Harpalus rufipes, Poecilus cupreus, Dolichus halensis, Harpalus calceatus, and in 2020 Agonum gracilipes appeared along with them. In 2020, the species abundance increased by 25%, and the dynamic density of most species in the second year of the study was also higher than in the first year. This may be caused by the influence of agrometeorological conditions of the studied area. The vegetation period of 2020 differed by conditions of heat and moisture supply in comparison with 2019, as indicators of 2020 are much higher than the previous year and average long-term values for the area. The dominant and subdominant complex of carabidofauna was found to be relatively stable for two years.

Root disease and fungal populations in organic crops under different tillage–cropping systems

AbstractThere has been a steady expansion in organic production in the Canadian Prairies because of higher consumer demand. Thus, increasing the sustainability of organic systems would be important. An organic trial was conducted in the semi‐arid Prairies (2010–2015) with two tillage intensities (low vs. high) in a simplified [spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) green manure (GM)] and a diversified (spring wheat–oilseed–pulse–GM) rotation. In 2013–2015, the impact of these systems on root rot was examined on spring wheat, pulses, and GM crops. Several Fusarium spp. were more abundant in GM and pulses than spring wheat, suggesting that they could be a source of inoculum, especially of F. avenaceum (Fr.:Fr.) Sacc. (teleomorph Gibberella avenacea Cook), for Fusarium diseases in cereals including Fusarium head blight. Under different environments, tillage–rotation systems had an impact on root disease and fungal populations, some of which have biocontrol capabilities. There was no difference among systems for root rot in forage pea, while the low tillage‐diversified rotation had the lowest root rot in spring wheat but was associated with more Fusarium spp. For all crops, most Fusaria were not associated with root rot severity. Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dast. [anamorph Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker] accounted the most for root rot in spring wheat and was favored by intensive tillage and simplified rotations. The Shannon diversity index (H') of fungal species in spring wheat was higher in the diversified rotation under both tillage intensities than when spring wheat alternated with GM in the simplified rotation, especially under high tillage. In forage pea, H' was higher than in spring wheat, but did not differ among tillage–rotation systems.

The influence of modern means of protection of grain crops on the potential yield in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

The article presents the experience results of studying protection means of spring wheat crops. The experiment was carried out at the stationary “Minino” of Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, located in the forest-steppe zone. The study results showed that the use of the seed treater VialTrust influenced improvement of spring wheat sowing material of, reducing overall clogging of the sown seeds. The use of a herbicides tank mixture Eraser Top and Ballerina Super successfully destroyed weeds in sowing, the protection effect was 100.0%. The effect of protection against the use of the fungicide Kolosal PRO was 89.2%. The studied protection scheme made it possible to increase the yield of spring wheat - a significant increase of 6.1 c/ha or 22.7% was obtained in comparison with the control.

Effect of different Agromeliorants on Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat

The task of this work wass to assess the impact of new organo-mineral complex based on peat Gumiton, enriched with trace elements (B, Mo, Mn), on the yield and quality of spring wheat, including under conditions of technogenic soil pollution. In a series of field experiments on various types of soils of the Kaluga Region and the Republic of Tatarstan of Russia in farms of various forms of ownership, it was shown that the treatment of spring wheat crops of various varieties with Gumiton in various phases of plant development contributed to an increase in yield by 15-25%. Under the conditions of the growing experiment on soddy-podzolic sandy loam soil, double Gumiton treatment of spring wheat crops of Rima variety increases the B content in the grain to 1.4; Mo-by 1.3 times relative to the variants without the use of the drug. Gumiton reduces the accumulation of Cd in grain up to 1.2 times and improves zootechnical indicators of grain-increases the protein content by 0.9%, fat - up to 0.6%. Gumiton is a highly effective complex for use in spring wheat cultivation technologies, which increases the yield and quality of grain and reduces the accumulation of pollutants (heavy metals).

The Effectiveness of Herbicides of the Russian Production in Spring Wheat Crops

The Effectiveness of Herbicides of the Russian Production in Spring Wheat Crops