Crop Research Farm Research Articles

Effect of Sulphur and Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Extract Spray on Growth and Yield of Groundnut

A field experiment was conducted on groundnut during Zaid (summer) season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of 3 levels of sulphur (30,40 and 50 kg/ha) and 3 levels of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract spray (5,10 and 15%) along with recommended doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash and a control (20-40-20 N-P-K/ha). Application of Sulphur 50 kg/ha along seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract spray 10% (treatment 8) recorded maximum plant dry weight (36.17 gm), pod per plant (27.93), seed index (39.90 gm), kernel yield (2.36 t/ha) and B:C (1.90).

Effect of Biofertilizers and Zinc Micronutrients on yield and Economics of Maize (Zea mays L.)

The research work was done out during Kharif season of 2023 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj U.P( India), to study the effect of biofertilizers and zinc sulphate on growth and yield of Maize. The treatments consist of Bio-fertilizers PSB, Azotobacter,( PSB) + Azotobacter and ZnSO4 (20, 25, 30 kg/ha) done under RBD with ten treatments and replicated three times. The soil of research trial plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). The outcomes showed that the taller plants (159.03 cm), higher plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), maximum crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs/plant (1.8), higher number of rows/cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4),were achieved by the application of PSB + Azotobacter + ZnSO4 30 kg/ha. Higher gross return (INR 1,49,119.5/ha), higher net return (INR 1,08,439.5.00/ha) and higher Benefit Cost ratio (2.66) were also obtained by the using of (Azotobacter 25 g/kg + PSB: 25 g/kg + 1% Zn+B 1 %).

Effect of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Phaseolus mungo L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid (summer) season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of Sulphur (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and 3 levels of zinc (10kg/ha, 0.1% and 0.2% foliar application) and a control. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatment and replicated thrice. Application of Sulphur (30 kg/ha) + Zinc (10kg/ha) (treatment 9) recorded higher Plant height, higher plant dry weight, higher number of Pods/Plant, higher number of seeds/pod, higher test weight and higher seed yield. The (treatment 9) also recorded Maximum benefit cost ratio (2.41)

Effect of Nitrogen and Crop Geometry on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn

The field experiment was conducted to investigate the Effect of Nitrogen and Crop Geometry on Growth and Yield ofBaby Corn during Zaid season of 2023 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The main objectives of experiment is to studythe efficacy of nitrogen and crop geometry on growth and yield of baby corn. The experiment was executed using Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments combinations are T1:Nitrogen 60kg/ha + Crop Geometry 40cm × 20cm T2: Nitrogen 80kg/ha + Crop Geometry40cm × 20cm T3: Nitrogen 100kg/ha + Crop Geometry 40cm × 20cm T4: Nitrogen 60kg/ha + Crop Geometry 50cm × 20cm T5: Nitrogen 80kg/ha + Crop Geometry 50cm × 20cm T6: Nitrogen 100kg/ha + Crop Geometry 50cm × 20cm T7: Nitrogen 60kg/ha + Crop Geometry 60cm × 20cm. T8: Nitrogen 80kg/ha + Crop Geometry 60cm × 20cm T9: Nitrogen 100kg/ha + Crop Geometry 60cm × 20cm, T10: Control (RDF-60- 40-40 NPK kg/ha) are used. The result of the study revealed that the higher plant height (173.47 cm), higher plant dry weight (29.3 g/plant), number of cobs/plant (2.1), green fodder yield (33.32 t/ha), cob yield with husk (12.30 t/ha), andcob yield without husk (4.33 t/ha) were significantly showed significant difference with application of Nitrogen100kg/ha + Crop Geometry 50cm × 20cm. It was concluded that for obtaining higher yield components with better quality of baby corn with Nitrogen 100 kg/ha + Crop Geometry 50cm × 20cm was recommended.

Influence of Phosphorus and Sulphur Levels on Economics and Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under the Eastern Zone of UP, India

The present study highlights the influence of Phosphorus and Sulphur Levels on Economics and Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.): A Field Experiment yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L)". var. "ISF-764" was tested at Crop Research Farm during Rabi 2021–23. Ministry of Agriculture Sciences and technology United University, Prayagraj in the U.P. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) India ranks second in terms of planted area after food crops and is the world's fourth-largest producer of oilseeds in terms of output. The soil of the experimental plot had a sandy loam texture, was almost pH-neutral (7.5), had low organic carbon content (0.50%), and was readily available. N (228.59 kg/ha), available P (29.80 kg/ha) and available K (125.21 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments consists three level of S 20,30,40 kg/ha and three level of P 30,40,50 kg/ha with control (Farmer practice) were replicated thrice. Results obtained that higher plant height (173.33 cm), Number of branches (19.27), dry weight (117.89 g/day), yield attributes and yield viz., seed yield (2.20 t/ha), stover yield (2.98 t/ha) and Hi (42.44 %) were recorded with the application of 40 kg/ha S + 50 kg/ha P, economics viz. however, higher gross return (113804.07 INR/ha), net return (77799.97 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.16) was observed when 40 kg/ha S and 50 kg/ha P were applied. Application of 40 kg/ha S with 50 kg/ha P was therefore more productive and financially viable. It is concluded that treatment T9 with application of S 40 kg/ha + P 50 kg/ha was found to be the best that recorded highest plant height, number of capitulam / plant , dry weight (g), panicle length, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, seed yield, straw yield, test weight and harvest index.

Effect of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)

A field study was conducted at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy SHUATS Prayagraj, (U.P). During zaid season 2023 with the objective of influence of sulphur and zinc on growth and yield of baby corn .Data on growth and yield components of the crop were recorded.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice The Treatments consisted of 3 levels of Sulphur (15, 30, 45 kg/ha) and zinc (10, 20, 30 kg/ha) With Baby corn var SYNGENTA (G-5414). The results reported that the application of Sulphur 45 kg/ha along zinc 30 kg/ha recorded maximum plant height (108.7cm), Maximum plant dry weight (49.08 g/plant), Number of cobs per plant (2.07), cob yield with husk (10.06 t/ha), cob yield without husk (3.91 t/ha), green fodder yield (28.43 t/ha). Maximum gross return (92,087.17 INR/ha), net return (61,352 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.00) were recorded in (treatment-9) that is with 45 kg of Sulphur+30 kg Zinc. With application sulphur and zinc morphological characters increased which might be attributed to a stronger role of zinc in cell division, cell expansion, and enlargement which ultimately lead to the improved vegetative growth. The interaction effect between sulphur and Zinc was found significant in respect of green and dry matter yield.

Response of Biofertilizer and Biochar on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn

The field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, UP, during the Zaid season of 2023. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatment combinations which are replicated thrice. The experiment involves with the biofertilizers like azospirillum(10g and 20g/kg seed),azotobacter(10g and 20g/kg seed) along with biochar(0t/ha,10t/ha,40t/ha). Among the various treatment combinations in (treatment-9) with the application of Azospirillum 10g/kg seed along with Azotobacter 10 g/kg seed and Biochar 40 t/ha significantly recorded higher plant height (117.13 cm), plant dry weight (34.33 g), cobs/plant (1.87), cob length without husk (14.58 cm), cob weight without husk (12.09 g) and cob yield without husk (4.70 t/ha). Maximum gross returns (2,35,000.00 ₹/ha), were obtained in (treatment-9) whereas maximum net returns (1,27,001.00 ₹/ha) and higher benefit cost ratio (1.74) was obtained in (treatment-8) with application of Azospirillum 10g/kg seed along with Azotobacter 10g/kg seed and Biochar 10 t/ha.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Aim: To study effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.).
 Study Design: A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, AKS, University, Satna during Rabi season 2023 on Maize crop.
 Methodology: The experiment trail was laid out in randomized block design. It consisted of three replications with ten treatment combinations i.e. T1 - Control,, T2 - 100% RDN by FYM (24 t/ha),, T3 - 75% RDN by FYM+25% RDN by VC,, T4 - 75%RDN by FYM+25% RDN by VC + Azotobacter and PSB @ 10 ml/kg seed,, T5 - 100% RDN by VC (8 t/ha),, T6 - 75% RDN by VC+25% RDN by FYM,, T7 -75%RDN by VC+25% RDN by FYM+ Azotobacter and PSB @ 10 ml/kg seed,, T8 - 50% RDN by VC + 50 % RDN by PM (3.8 t/ha),, T9 - 50% RDN by VC+50% RDN by PM + Azotobacter and PSB @ 10 ml/kg seed,, T10 - 50%RDN by EC (6 t/ha) + Beejamrut + Jeevamrut spray 500 l/ha (twice).
 Results: The results showed that application of T9 50% RDN by VC + 50% RDN by poultry manure + Azotobacter + PSB had significant effect on growth and yield of maize. The plant height, number of leaves per plant and dry matter accumulation were also significantly higher in T9 followed by T8 50% RDN by VC + 50 % RDN by PM (3.8 t/ha). The highest grain yield (39.40 q ha-1) was obtained in T9 followed by T8 (38.15 q ha-1), T7 (37.62 q ha-1) andT5(36.73 q ha-1).

Phenology and Climate Indices of Maize Hybrids under North Western Himalayan Region of Temperate Kashmir

In the Kharif season of 2021, a field experiment was conducted at the crop research farm of the Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the phenology of maize hybrids in relation to agrometeorological indices. The experimental design included two factors: Factor A, representing different irrigation regimes at various growth stages (I1 to I6), and Factor B, consisting of two maize hybrid varieties (Shalimar Hybrid-2 and Shalimar Hybrid-3). The irrigation treatments ranged from early vegetation stage to rainfed conditions. The experiment followed a split plot design with three replications. Results indicated that the treatment I5 (Irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 0.8) and Shalimar Hybrid-3 exhibited the highest values for key agrometeorological indices, including GDD, HTU, PTU, and HYTU. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing irrigation practices and selecting suitable maize hybrids for enhanced phenological performance.

Influence of Zinc and Boron on Growth and Yield of Rice

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The treatments consist of three levels of zinc and three levels of boron and one control was used. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. The results showed that growth parameters viz., plant height (116.77 cm), number of tillers per hill (31.13), dry weight (106.07 g/hill) and yield attributes viz., number of effective tillers per hill (9.53), number of filled grains per panicle (129.33), test weight (15.87 g), grain yield (5.57 t/ha) straw yield (8.77 t/ha) and harvest index (38.44 %) were recorded significantly higher with the application of zinc 15 kg/ha along with boron 6 kg/ha. Maximum gross returns (155166.77 INR/ha), Net returns (102889.22 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.97) were also recorded in treatment-9.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Productivity and Quality of Rice

The present field experiment was conducted at crop research farm Nawabganj of C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur, under the Central Plain zone of Uttar Pradesh, during Kharif season of 2018. The experiment comprised of 9 treatment combinations in randomized block design with three replications consisted of T1: Control, T2: 100 % RDF(120:60:60), T3: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as FYM, T4: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as CWC, T5: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as PM, T6: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as FYM + CWC, T7: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as CWC+ PM, T8: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as FYM + PM, T9: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as FYM + PM + CWC. On the basis of the results emanated from present investigation, it could be concluded that application of 75 % RDF + 25 % N as FYM + PM + CWC applied in rice to significantly increases yield attributes, yield and protein content. Results showed that maximum among the different fertility levels, application of T7 [75 % RDF + 25 % N as CWC + PM] significantly enhanced productivity parameters i.e. grain yield and straw yield over the control.

Agronomic Response of System of Finger Millet Intensification Technique on Growth and Yield of Organic Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)

The experiment was carried out during Kharif season 2016 and 2017 at Crop Research Farm, SHUATS Model of Organic Farm (SMOF), Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) to study the ‘Agronomic response of System of Finger millet Intensification technique on growth and yield of organic finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.)’. The pooled data recorded that SFMI technique has significant and highest plant height (86.12 cm), maximum number of tillers/ hill (13.08), higher plant dry weight (22.946 g/ hill), maximum number of effective tillers/ hill (12.14), longest spike length (4.01 cm), highest number of grains/ spike (1913.63), highest grain yield (3.23 t/ ha), highest straw yield (7.34 t/ ha) and higher harvest index (43.86%). The pooled data also recorded that CTFM has significant and highest crop growth rate (17.853 g/ m2/ day) at 75 to 90 DAS intervals. Considering poultry manure (16 t/ ha) pooled data showed significant and highest plant height (85.89 cm), maximum number of tillers/ hill (12.88), higher plant dry weight (22.946 g/ hill), maximum number of effective tillers/ hill (11.97), longest spike length (3.98 cm), highest number of grains/ spike (1908.46), higher grain yield (3.25 t/ ha), highest straw yield (7.38 t/ ha) and higher harvest index (44.01%). The data also recorded highest benefit cost ratio by System of Finger millet Intensification technique along with organic sources of nutrient by Poultry manure (1.7 t/ ha) during both the years and in average.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line Rice : Exploring Treatment Effects on Plant Components and their Impact on Hybrid Rice Seed Production

In addressing the challenge of inflorescence emergence in cytoplasmic male sterile line (CMS) rice, specifically the CMS A-line, GA3 has conventionally been utilized. However, the high cost of GA3 poses financial constraints for middle-class and marginal farmers. This study aims to identify cost-effective alternatives to GA3 for CMS breeding. Utilizing IR58025A as the A-line and KMR3 as the R-line, obtained from Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, Hooghly, the experiment was conducted following CMS breeding layout design at the Crop Research Farm under the Department of Botany, the University of Burdwan. Various chemicals, including GA3 , penicillin, sulfonamide, and gentamicin, were applied as foliar spray treatments, alongside a control group, during flowering to produce F1 seeds from the A-line in the boro season. The primary objectives include exploring microfeatures of different plant organs such as leaves, stems, androecium, and gynoecium through SEM analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the diverse treatments. This research contributes valuable insights for rice breeders and the scientific community, offering potential alternatives to GA3 in CMS breeding technology.

Influence of seaweed sap and phosphorus on growth and yield of soybean under Prayagraj condition

A field experiment was carried out during Kharif season of 2022, at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P.). The experiment field was entitled as “Influence of seaweed sap and phosphorus on growth and yield of soybean”. The treatment consisted of 3 levels of seaweed sap foliar application (10, 15 and 20%) and phosphorus (50, 60 and 70 kg/ha) basal application and a control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. Application of seaweed sap 20% along with phosphorus 60 kg/ha recorded highest plant height (68.20 cm), maximum number of root nodules per plant (63.83), root length (26.13 cm), highest SPAD value (chlorophyll content) (48.22), leaf area index (7.89), higher seed yield (2.39 t/ha), oil yield (461.99 kg/ha), protein yield (914.89 kg/ha) post harvest chemical properties of soil, pH (6.90), EC (0.487), organic carbon (0.313 %) available plant nutrient Nitrogen (279.79 kg/ha), Phosphorus (11.70 kg/ha), Potassium (215.89 kg/ha) and the maximum net return (1,01,073.53 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.47). This study show that application of seaweed sap (Kappaphycus alvarezii and Sargassum spp.) 20% along with combination of phosphorus 60 kg/ha (Treatment 8) recorded higher Growth, yield and benefit cost ratio of soybean.

Influence of Nitrogen and Iron on Yield and Economics of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)

A field experiment was conducted during zaid season (April - July) 2022 at experimental field of Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The treatments consist of 3 levels of nitrogen (40 kg, 50 kg, 60 kg/ha) applied in 2 doses (Basal and 20 DAS) and foliar application of Iron (0.2, 0.4, 0.6%) at 30, 45 DAS along with control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. The treatment combinations are T1- 40 kg N + 0.2% Iron, T2- 40 kg N + 0.4% Iron, T3- 40 kg N + 0.6% Iron, T4- 50 kg N + 0.2% Iron, T5- 50 kg N + 0.4% Iron, T6- 50 kg N + 0.6% Iron, T7- 60 kg N + 0.2% Iron, T8- 60 kg N + 0.4% Iron, T9- 60 kg N + 0.6% Iron, T10- Control (RDF: 50:30:20 NPK kg/ha). Significantly higher plant height (101.57 cm), maximum plant dry weight (14.83 g), more number of tillers per plant (8.87) and yield attributes namely higher panicle length (18.61 cm), grains per panicle (1389.30), grain yield (1.79 t/ha), straw yield (2.53 t/ha), maximum gross return (88180.00 INR/ha), net return (60638.00 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.20) were obtained highest in the treatment 9, with the application of 60 kg/ha Nitrogen and 0.6% Iron.

CONDUCE OF POLYFILM OF POLYHOUSE ON SOIL MOISTURE AFTER COMPOSITING FARM YARD MANURE

Protected cultivation is one of the most prominent methods practiced by most of the cultivators in North India especially to shield crops during adverse climatic conditions. Inside the polyhouse a microclimate is generated which protects the cultivars. An attempt was made to study the effect of polyfilm of polyhouse on the tomato yield when the seedbed was prepared by applying the farm yard manure by paddle operated farm yard manure applicator compared to broadcasting method (P1 and P2 ) in the crop research farm of Maya group of colleges, Dehradun. Two plots (O1 and O2) were also prepared in the same way in open field condition. The analysis was made on the attributes such as air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity and intensity of light in both situations, i.e. under protected cultivation and open field from mid October 2021 to mid march 2022. The results reveal air temperature was found to be 3-6ºC low in protected conditions but relative humidity was 12-14% higher. Soil temperature was 3-9 ºC was high in open field state but light intensity was low in polyhouse. The yield inside the polyhouses was obtained 48.7 t/h and 54.8 t/h compared to open field that was 31.6 t/h and 42.8 t/h.

Effect of Various Levels of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Late-Sown Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The present study was conducted at the Crop Research Farm of the Institute of Agriculture Training and Research, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, during the 2022-23 year. The experimental design employed was a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), comprising nine treatments each replicated three times. These treatments involved varying level of (Sulphur- 20kg, 25kg, 30kg/ha, Zinc- 20kg, 30kg, 40kg/ha) arranged in an RBD Factorial with plot size 2m×2m varying. The primary objective of this study was to assess the response of wheat crops to different levels of sulphur and zinc fertilization. The results indicated that both nutrients played crucial roles in enhancing late-sown wheat productivity and may offer valuable insights into sustainable crop management practices. Data analysis revealed that the most effective treatment for increasing the Quality characters and Yield is 30 kg Sulphur ha-1 + 40 kg Zinc ha-1 under agro-ecological conditions of Dehradun. This finding has the potential to guide farmers and agriculture practioners in optimizing crop yields and quality in similar environments.

Biodiversity and Succession of Insects of Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) During rabi in the Western Undulating Zone of Odisha

The field experiment was conducted to study about insect biodiversity and their succession in blackgram crop at the crop research farm, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhawanipatna during rabi 21. Twenty seven insects belong to seven orders and twenty two families were recorded during different growth stages of crop in an overlapping manner. Beside the insects twelve numbers of predators, three numbers of parasitoids and two pollinators were also noticed. The highest diversity index and evenness of insects were recorded at 42 SMW (0.902 and 1.000) followed by 50 SMW (0.833 and 0.710) respectively. The diversity of insects was almost uniform because of the evenness of the species. The insect order homoptera and the insect white fly came under superdominant class of dominance during all the growth stages of crop, whereas coleoptera and hemiptera were categorized under sub-dominant class at vegetative stage and flowering to podding stage of crop growth respectively. The insect orders hemiptera, coleoptera, diptera and hymenoptera and the insects i.e., galerucid beetle, jassid, stem fly, aphids and thrips came under recedent class of dominance. The relative abundance and dominant status of insect’s revealed that the maximum numbers of insects were belongs to orders homoptera (75.22%) followed by hemiptera (7.92%), coleoptera (6.30%), diptera (4.62%), hymenoptera (4.05%), orthoptera (0.89%), lepidoptera (0.86%) and odonata (0.09%).Chrysomelid beetles were noticed first during the early vegetative stage of crop followed by stem fly, white fly, leaf webber and semiloopers at the vegetative stage, tobacco caterpillar from late vegetative to pod filling stage, thrips in flowering stage, pod borers, pod bugs, aphids, pentatomid bugs and bihar hairy caterpillar from flowering to crop maturity stage and the pod fly and pod wasp from pod filling to pod maturity stage of the crop. Jassids, grasshoppers and predators like spiders, coccinellids beetles and parasitoids were appeared from mid vegetative stage and continued till fag end of the crop. The peak activities of insects were recorded from flowering to pod maturity stage of the crop.

Response of Rice Varieties at Varying Nitrogen Level

A field investigation to ascertain the response of rice varieties at varying nitrogen level was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P, during the Kharif – 2022 with nine treatments replicated thrice in randomized block design, which consists of three rice varieties (NDR-359, Sahbhagi Dhan, BPT-5204) and three nitrogen levels (100, 120, 140 kg ha-1). The results revealed that application of nitrogen 120 kg ha-1 in Sahbhagi Dhan recorded significantly higher plant height (146.20 cm), dry weight (103.77 g hill-1), grain yield (4.27 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.23 t ha-1), maximum gross returns (1,00,166.70 INR ha-1), net returns (60,185.92 INR ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.52). However, number of tillers hill-1 (30.87), number of productive tillers hill-1 (8.93), number of grains panicle-1 (115.87) and harvest index (38.71%) were recorded significantly higher in BPT-5204 with nitrogen 120 kg ha-1.

Influence of Vermicompost, Neem Cake and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Economics of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

The findings of the present investigation titled, Influence of vermicompost, neem cake and biofertilizers on growth, yield and economics of Green gram (Vigna radiata L.), carried out during the kharif season of 2023 at the Baba Farid Institute of Technology's Crop Research Farm in Dehradun. It is situated between latitude 30.3436 and longitude 77.9367. The Shivalik hills and the lower Himalayas in the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Haryana are home to the extraordinarily wide and lengthy valley known as the doon valley. The investigation was conducted in Randomized Block Design consisting of 10 treatment combinations with 3 replications and was laid out with the different treatments allocated randomly in each replication. Application of vermicompost (1.25t/ha) + neem cake (0.625 t/ha) + rhizobium (10 g/kg seed) + PSB (10 g/kg seed), recorded maximum plant height (45.44 cm), Number of branches per plant (6.08), number of nodules/plant (11.05), dry weight (g/plant) (6.57), no. of pods/plant (28.38), seeds per pod (10.13), test weight(g) (38.14), grain yield (1094.06 kg/ha), stover yield (1523.95 kg/ha) and biological yield (2618.01 kg/ha). Where the maximum gross return (101249.80 INR/ha), net return (76043.75 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (3.02) were also recorded with application of vermicompost (1.25 t/ha) + neem cake (0.625 t/ha) + rhizobium (10 g/kg seed) + PSB (10 g/kg seed).