Crop Production Costs Research Articles

Improving Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Productivity through Adaptive Management of Water and Nitrogen

Management of nitrogen and water plays a significant role in increasing crop productivity. A large amount of nitrogen (N) may be lost through leaching if these resources are not well managed. Wetting front detectors (WFDs) and Chameleon soil water sensors were used to adapt water and nitrogen applications with the goal of increasing millet yields, as well as nitrogen and water use efficiency. The trials were laid out as a randomized complete block design with factorial combinations of water and N, and included the following treatments: irrigation to field capacity (fortnightly and weekly), adaptive-water application based on sensor response or rainfed, and N treatments included either fixed nitrogen levels (0, 45, 90 kg N ha−1) or an adaptive-N rate, depending on N content of the soil solution extracted from WFDs. Adaptive management aims to steer water and nitrogen applications towards optimum crop requirements. Treatments that received both high water and nitrogen outperformed other treatments by 11% to 68% in terms of biomass production and 16% to 54% in grain yield, while water use efficiency and irrigation use efficiency values were also higher, ranging from 1.58 to 7.94 kg m−3 and 1.43 to 8.30 kg m−3. Results suggest that integrated adaptive water and nitrogen management should be considered to reduce high N losses and cost of crop production, without a meaningful yield penalty, relative to high production input management.

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The reporting period in crop production is the calendar year. However, at the end of the year, there are costs associated with harvesting in subsequent periods. The purpose of the article is to find and justify options for accounting for costs for the harvest of the current and future years. The formation of accounting objects in crop production was considered, in particular: economic content of costs for the harvest of current and future years; accounting for costs of growing plants and performing works; accounting for costs that to be allocated and other costs of crop production; the relationship between accounting objects. Expenses and accounting items at each stage of growing crops were disclosed in detail. It was determined that expenses for harvest of future years account for the work performed on soil preparation, and after sowing, they are distributed between the objects in proportion to the actual occupied areas of plants. Soil preparation works are performed in accordance with agrotechnical requirements for growing specific crops. For each year, the enterprise draws up a crop map. So, it is better to account costs for agricultural crops beginning with the preparation of soil for them. If the actual sowing area will differ from the planned area, then the costs for the plant accounting objects need to be refined. Some of their groups include costs that to be allocated and other costs. Crop accounting objects are grouped into four groups: 1) crops (works) that will yield in the current year; 2) crops and works for the harvest of subsequent years; 3) costs to be allocated ; 4) other objects. There is a close relationship between the accounting objects of crop production. The transfer of costs from one object to another is reflected in analytical accounts within the sub-account 231 “Crop production”, which in such cases is debited and credited for the same amount.

Chemical Recovery of Degraded Soil and Consequence in the Cost of Corn Production

Abstract Improper management degrades the soil, decreases corn productivity and is reflected in the cost of production. The objective of this research was to evaluate the soil recovery in non-conservationist treatments after the change of management and cultivation to the conservation condition direct sowing, and compare these systems to consolidated direct seeding; This evaluation was based on the soil responsiveness to crop production and water erosion control, and based on the financial cost of soil recovery and corn production when soil management was converted from non-conservationist (tillage rotation - RT, minimum tillage - MT, conventional tillage - CT and bare soil - BS) to no-tillage (NT) condition, in a Humic Cambisol. The transition from managements to no-tillage occurred in 2015 year, after 27 years of conducting the preexisting managements. The chemical recovery was carried out with the application of limestone, phosphorus, and potassium. At the end of the research the yield of the corn crop, the cost of recovering the soil fertility and the cost of crop production were evaluated. Previous soil management influenced the cost of soil chemical recovery. The cost of production showed a financial loss for the previous treatments CT and BS, on the average of the three corn crops.

Technical and technological support justification of the microbiological products' production for plant protection

Annotation Purpose. To substantiate recommendations and perspective technical and technological decisions on production of microbiological preparations for protection of plants against diseases and pests for creation of bioproductions. Methods. Analytical review of scientific and technical sources, normative, balance and technical-economic calculations. Results. Recommendations for the production of microbiopreparations are substantiated and an industrial site for the production of microbiopreparations with a capacity of 420 l/cycle is recommended. The main technological equipment is the fermentation complex FKM-420, developed by specialists of ITI “Biotechnics” NAAS for the cultivation of liquid microbiota. Substantiated recommendations for the production of microbiological products. Conclusions. Recommended industrial site for the production of microbiological products with a capacity of 420 l/cycle. Obtaining biological products as close as possible to their use (to areas under crops) will positively affect the quality of biological products and the cost of crop production, will provide additional jobs in rural areas and organic food, and will also contribute to the revival of Ukrainian black soil. The implementation of the biomethod depends on state support in the form of subsidies (subsidies), which will stimulate the development of organic production in Ukraine. Organic farming using the biological method of protecting agricultural plants from diseases and pests will make it possible to obtain high-quality environmentally friendly food for the population, help preserve the nation's gene pool, raise the image of the state, and also reduce environmental pollution and increase soil fertility. Keywords: microbiological preparations, plant protection, bioproduction, industrial site, fermentation complex, technological equipment.

Perception of Climate Change and Its Effects on Rural Livelihood in Katsina State, Nigeria

This study investigated the perception of climate change and its effects on livelihood in Katsina state. This study adopted cross sectional research design. Data for this study were generated from the administration of questionnaire in the study area. Data analysis was achieved using the Kruskal Wallis test. Findings of the study include; the locals identified that there are changes in the characteristics of climate elements in the area indicating climate change. The locals also identified that as a result of climate change, they have witnessed increase in the loss of agricultural land and soil quality due to erosion and reduced soil fertility (70%), reduced livestock productivity (55.6%), increase in pest and disease incidence in livestock (70%), increase in the cost of crop production (60.7%), and increase in the rate of farmer poverty (39.3%). The perception of the concept of climate change across the study area was significantly different at P<0.05 (χ 2 (2) =, 21303.673) implying that, the consequences of climate change in the area also vary. The study strongly advocates, the application of climate smart agriculture, reforestation and massive public awareness about the causes and effects of climate change in the study area. Keywords: climate-change, livelihood, semi-arid, greenhouse-gases DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/10-2-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2020

Using a Crop Modeling Framework for Precision Cost-Benefit Analysis of Variable Seeding and Nitrogen Application Rates

A key goal of precision agriculture is to achieve the maximum crop yield while minimizing inputs and loses from cropping systems. The challenge of precision agriculture is these factors interact with one another on a subfield scale. The seeding density and the nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate are two of the most important inputs influencing agronomic, economic and environmental outcomes including yield, return on investment (ROI) and nitrate (NO3-) leaching. A cropping system simulation framework is used to predict site-specific subfield optimum seeding density and (N) fertilizer application rates for the economic optimum (maximum ROI) versus agronomic optimum (maximum yield). The framework couples the process-based APSIM cropping system model with the SSURGO soils database, Daymet weather data service, land grant university estimates of crop production costs and commodity price estimates, and the R statistics software. The framework performance was evaluated using multiple years of precision yield monitor data obtained from a continuous maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system field experiment with varying N-fertilizer rates. Subfield model estimates of crop yield were sensitive to initial conditions related to historical management of the field and had an r2 = 0.65 and a root mean square error of 2356.0 kg ha-1. A site-specific application of the framework comparing economic optimum seeding density and N-fertilizer rates with agronomic optimum values estimated the average ROI benefit to be up to 12.1% with a NO3- leaching reduction of up to 15.2 kg ha-1 at the economic optimum. However, in a minority of cases NO3- leaching was greater at the economic optimum, indicating that managing to maximize ROI rather than yield may not always reduce environmental impacts. Our results suggest that managing cropping systems for the economic optimum is plausible using publicly available data with our framework and may likely lead to improved environmental outcomes.

Banning of herbicides and the impact on agriculture: the case of glyphosate in Sri Lanka

AbstractGlyphosate, a widely used preplant herbicide in annual and perennial crops, was introduced to Sri Lanka in 1977. Its use has expanded since 2008 with the phase-out and ban in 2014 of paraquat. In December 2014, glyphosate use in Sri Lanka was regionally restricted. Crop protection and production in the country was severely affected in 2016 and 2017 due to the irrational decisions of the government of Sri Lanka (GoSL). Increased crop production costs due to the absence of effective and economically viable weed control techniques, low crop yields, loss of foreign exchange, and enhanced use of smuggled glyphosate products are the consequences of the glyphosate ban. The ban was imposed without a scientific basis because of sociopolitical pressure. A series of dialogues with the GoSL helped rescind the ban in 2018 for a period of 36 mo, but its use is limited to tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntz.] and rubber [Hevia brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.]. In August 2019, the Cabinet of Ministers of the GoSL also decided to allow use of glyphosate to devitalize propagules in the floriculture industry (export oriented) and destroy coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) trees infected by Weligama coconut leaf wilt disease and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) infected by white leaf disease. However, glyphosate products with the co-formulant polyethoxylated tallow amine are still not permitted in Sri Lanka.

Laboratory Device to Assess the Effect of Mechanical Thinning of Flower Buds, Flowers and Fruitlets Related to Fruitlet Developing Stage

Mandarin thinning is done by hand, increasing labor costs and raising total cropproduction costs. Mechanical thinning has been tested in peaches and other fruits. To achieve themaximum efficiency thinning has to be applied at a specific stage of vegetative development. In thisresearch study, the mechanical thinning of ‘Clemenrubi’ mandarin branches during the differentfruit development stages have been assessed using a vibratory laboratory device (amplitudes 0.015and 0.030 m and frequencies 34.8 and 37.8 Hz). Branches with flower buds, flowers, small greenfruits, and medium green fruits were tested for 12 weeks, in two different seasons. It was possibleto mechanically detach flower buds, flowers, and green fruits using different combinations ofamplitudes and frequencies. Removal percentage decreased when increasing retention tractionforce, according to a logarithmic regression model. A significant increment in equatorial diameterand retention traction force was registered when the fruit setting was finishing, while mass had asimilar development with a week delay. During fruit setting (weeks 5, 6, and 7) removal percentagewas higher, while the retention force was very low. The first weeks just after the natural thinningcould be considered the adequate time for a mechanical thinning operation.

Cost of Cultivation and Profitability Situation of Cowpea Vegetable in Dindori District of Madhya Pradesh under Tejaswini Rural Woman Empowerment Programme

Under the Rural Women’s Empowerment Programme, this Programme is being conducted in 41 villages by Tejaswini Nari Chetna Mahila Sangh. Under which work is being strengthened by establishing self help groups and connecting them with the schemes of governance. For this study, the total beneficiary (85) and non-beneficiary (85) have been selected from the total (170) agricultural women from Dindori district. The cost of barbati production and the income generated from it has been done comparatively with the beneficiary and non-beneficiary. The total cost per acre in Barbati production has been increased by 3.83% compared to non-beneficiary whereas the total variable cost-14.48% has been found. Production cost to produce quintal for Barbati Total crop production cost respectively - 30.51 and -15.64 percent beneficiary has been found to be lower than non-beneficiary. While net income has received 44.93 percent more on the cost of total farming. As a result, the per-investment income is 23.36 percent more beneficiary than the non-beneficiary.

Short Communication: Genetic diversity of Indonesian’s sugarcane varieties (Saccharum officinarum) based on RAPD molecular markers

Abstract. Kasiamdari RS, Aristya GR, Prabowo H, Ariesta C, Arif MF. 2019. Genetic diversity of Indonesian’s sugarcane varieties (Saccharum officinarum) based on RAPD molecular markers. Biodiversitas 20: 3005-3010. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) belongs to the Poaceae family which are widely used for sweeteners production. In Indonesia, the need for sugarcane continues to increase along with its increased use in the production of bioethanol from molasses, a by-product of sugar production. However, the supply for sugar is still far from enough. Improvement of sugarcane productivity can be done by selecting superior varieties to form a new superior hybrid. Maintaining high genetic diversity in a population is essential. Selection of varieties is important because it can increase productivity without increasing the cost of crop production. Even the selected pest-resistant varieties can reduce the cost of crop production. Indonesia had produced many superior sugarcane plant varieties, but studies on their characters and genetic relationship are still lacking. Several molecular markers have been used to elucidate the genetic diversity among sugarcane varieties. Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) is one of the molecular markers that have been proven to describe genetic diversity among sugarcane plants. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among 22 superior sugarcane varieties in Indonesia based on eight RAPD molecular markers. The superior sugarcane varieties in Indonesia in this study were obtained from Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute (ISFRI), Malang and Madukismo Sugar Factory, Yogyakarta. DNA products were visualized by using gel electrophoresis and resolved bands were scored as binary data as presence (1) and absence (0). Linkage distance was done based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, and clustering analysis was performed based on the unweighted pair- group average (UPGMA) method. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) analysis showed a high degree of polymorphism ranging from 0.76 to 0.92. Cluster analysis showed that 22 sugarcane varieties were divided into two main clusters and four sub-clusters based on their origin.

RESEARCHES FOR THE FORMATION OF INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE RIPAZ GROWTH LINES DEPENDING ON ELEMENTS OF TECHNOLOGY

In the article economic estimation of elements of technology of growing of winter rape is carried out; crop yields, product costs, production costs, cost, net profit and profitability are taken into account. The literature on the problem of research has been processed, the importance and relevance of studying the economic efficiency of the applied technologies of winter rape cultivation in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is indicated on the low economic results of farming in the agrarian sector of Ukraine and the possibility of increasing the efficiency of growing winter rape with both intensive, extensive and resource-saving technologies. The results of studying the influence of the time of sowing and different norms of mineral fertilizers on the formation of indicators of economic efficiency of winter rape hybrids of various ripeness groups were analyzed. Significant influence of the investigated elements of technology on the main indicators of economic efficiency is noted; It was established that the change in the level of yield obtained by hybrids caused a change in the indicators of economic efficiency. So among the investigated variants of the maximum value of the value of gross output of the hybrid of winter rape, Exotic - 22550.0 UAH. was received at the first deadline of August 10 in the version with the introduction of N240P120K240, the minimum value of the value of gross output - 4675.0 UAH. received on the third term of September 5 in the version without fertilizers. The value of the gross output of the Excel hybrid maximum value is 20,900 UAH. acquired for the second term of sowing August 21 in a variant with maximum fertilization. The greatest value of the production of the hybrid Exagon - 20,900 UAH. was received for the second sowing of the sowing on August 21 with the introduction of N240P120K240, the minimum - 4235 UAH. - on the first date of sowing in the variant without the introduction of fertilizers. The comparative estimation of the indices of the three hybrids under investigation showed that the maximum cost of production was 22550 UAH. was obtained when growing the Exotic hybrid at the first sowing date on August 10 at maximum fertilization. The minimum value of cost is 2864.6 UAH. for 1 ton of seeds, the net profit is 10805.2 UAH. / ha and the profitability level - 92% was obtained in the same variant.

Ecological and economic evaluation of using arable land in the Republic of Bashkortostan

In our country, with the transition to a market-oriented economy, the scientifically based farming systems with their rational crop rotations were violated, which intensified the process of soil fertility depletion. Accordingly, the cumulative damage from non-recoverable soil humus losses is rapidly growing and becomes quite comparable with the cost of crop production received from this land. The article substantiates the necessity of conducting an ecological and economic evaluation of the use of land in agriculture at the regional level. The proposed methodical approach to solving the problem of optimal allocation of crops and cattle-breeding industries is determined by the criterion of the most effective use of the basic means of agricultural production. The analysis of the use of arable land and the structure of cereal crops in all categories farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan was carried out. The results of the economic and environmental damage evaluation caused by the agricultural production of the region were presented. The results of the economic and environmental damage evaluation caused by the agricultural production of the region were presented. The calculation of ecological and economic efficiency of land use in agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan is presented in the paper.

Comparison of Energy Used and Effects on Bulk Density and Yield by Tillage Systems in a Semiarid Condition of Mexico

Energy used for tillage is an input with a high impact on the cost of crop production; it is desirable to till the soil using minimum energy. The objective of this study was to compare the specific energy expenditure, effect on soil bulk density, and forage yield of maize, by three tillage systems: Disk plow/Disk Harrow/planter (DDP), Chisel plow/Disk harrow/planter (CHDP) and No-Tillage (NT). Energy was measured for tillage operations in the summer season of 2013, 2016, and 2017. Bulk density in 2013 and 2016. Yield in 2013 and 2014. The variables of drawbar force (kN), working speed (m s−1), width (m), depth (m), fuel consumption (L ha−1), bulk density (g cm−3), and dry matter yield (Mg ha−1) were measured. Results showed that there were significant differences in the amount of energy used per ha; DDP used an average of 379.75 MJ, CHDP 135.01 MJ, and NT 26.43 MJ. The average energy applied to the soil mass for each system was 400 J kg−1 for DDP, 255.13 J kg−1 for CHDP, and for NT was 237.8 J kg−1. The overall energy efficiency was; 18.23% for DDP, 6.88% for CHDP, and 4.77% for N. The bulk density decreased significantly after three years for NT. There were no significant differences in dry matter yield. In the semiarid condition of Mexico, CHDP and NT are options for saving from 64% to 93% of energy, compared with DDP.

PERAN PENGGUNAAN PUPUK PADA KINERJA PRODUKSI TANAMAN PANGAN INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the share of fertilizer costs on the total cost of crop and the effect of fertilizer application on the performance of crop production in Indonesia. The data used in the study was time series data, it was collected from FAOSTAT published Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Statistics Center Bureou (BPS). The first objective was analyzed by descriptive statistics, whereras the second objective was analyzed by econometrics techniques, namely, linear production function, logarithmic function and quadratic function. The results showed that the percentage fertilizer cost on the total cost of crop production were quite small compared to the cost of labor and land rental, which were 10.40 percent for wetland paddy, 7.80 percent for upland paddy, 12.00 percent for maize, and 4.80 percent for soybean. The applications of fertilizer played important roles in production performance of paddy, maize, and soybean. The magnitude and significant level of each fertilizer differ by crop production. The study gives better policies to secure the availability of fertilizer to improve the performance of Indonesian crop production.Key words: cost, fertilizer, production function

Environmental burdens of groundwater extraction for irrigation over an inland river basin in Northwest China

Crop production is expected to increase by more than 50% to meet the demand of population growth in China in 2050 (FAO, 2017). Crop production in North China largely depends on irrigation, which is mainly from groundwater in Northwest China. Over-extraction of groundwater is decreasing groundwater levels, and threatening the fragile ecological systems of arid regions. How groundwater levels will change in order to meet the irrigation water requirement in Northwest China has not been extensively investigated to evaluate sustainability of agriculture and the cost to maintain groundwater levels. Here, we examine the dynamic relations between groundwater levels and the amount of irrigation water, by employing the Variable Infiltration Capacity model and an irrigation scheme, for the last three decades in Heihe River basin of China. The results show that on the average about 1.86 m decline of groundwater is attributable to the irrigation water consumption for the farmland area in Heihe River over the past three decades. In the scenario of ceasing irrigation activities, the groundwater level will be prevented to further decline about 3.06 ± 0.4 m under the future climate scenarios till 2050, but at the cost of crop production valued 64.2 ± 8.4 billion CNY. Effective water-saving measures and strategies are expected to adopt to maintain both groundwater levels and agricultural productivity for the coming decades.

Effect of Simulating Hail and Late Spring Frost on Certain Parental Forms of Registered Maize Hybrids in the North-West of Transylvania

A study was performed in the North-West of Transylvania to test the reaction of certain parental forms of maize hybrids (single hybrids and inbred lines) to the following risks: simulated late spring frost in two stages and simulated hail in four stages. Being able to quantify the effects of these phenomena on maize makes it possible to estimate the losses that are involved, losses related to yield, crop tolerance and crop production costs. In 2014, due to the effect of frost, yield losses were from 8% up to 51% in hybrids and from 12% up to 70% in inbred lines. Simulated hail caused losses from 1% up to 71% in hybrids and from 0.5% up to 70% in inbred lines. In 2015, simulated frost caused a yield decrease from 43% up to 71% for hybrids and 76% for inbred lines. Frost and hail in early stages produced smaller losses, but if these risks appeared later or with higher intensity the yield decreases were significantly higher. Breaking resistance was assessed before harvest. In a favourable year, after simulating these mentioned risks, the percent of erect plants was lower compared to a drought year when the yield was smaller. The influence of frost and hail combined with drought during pollination could seriously affect the yield of maize parental genotypes. Within this study, the parental genotypes of maize used showed a remarkable re-growth capacity in early stages, being able to adapt to stressful weather condition.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Digital Transformation of Crop Production of the Pskov Region

The article deals with the essence and advantages of digitalization – the introduction of digital computer technologies and information presented in digital form into production activities. The cost of economy digitalization and its individual industries is estimated. It is concluded that the decision on digitalization should be justified, supported by the necessary calculations. The article states that the use of computer technologies by Russian agrarians in production processes is the exception rather than the rule. The capacity of crop production as a long-term process, variable in terms of technological effectiveness, structure of operations and costs, for the introduction of advanced information technologies, is estimated. The article presents a description of the place of agriculture in the economy of the Pskov region, the characteristics of the main indicators of crop production. It is concluded that the growth of the gross output of the main types of agricultural products in crop production was largely due to a significant increase in yield index, but the acreage and provision of agricultural machinery in the region continue to decline. The study revealed that the power supply per production unit of agricultural producers combined with the level of digitalization reduce the size and change the structure of production costs. In addition, an assessment of the effect of the introduction of information technology in the chain of formation of the costs of crop production is given. The article describes the sequence of evaluation of the return on investment costs for digitalization of crop production in the Pskov region. The rate of payback due to savings in production costs is estimated at 5 years.

MACHoice: a Decision Support System for agricultural machinery management

Abstract Mechanisation is a key input in modern agriculture, while it accounts for a large part of crop production costs, it can bring considerable farm benefits if well managed. Models for simulated machinery costs, may not replace actual cost measurements but the information obtained through them can replace a farm’s existing records, becoming more valuable to decision makers. MACHoice, a decision support system (DSS) presented in this paper, is a farm machinery cost estimator and break-even analyzer of alternatives for agricultural operations, developed using user-driven expectations and in close collaboration with agronomists and computer engineers. It integrates an innovative algorithm developed for projections of machinery costs under different rates of annual machine use and work capacity processing, which is crucial to decisions on break-even machinery alternatives. A case study based on the comparison of multiple alternatives for grape harvesting operations is presented to demonstrate the typical results that can be expected from MACHoice, and to identify its capabilities and limitations. This DSS offers an integrated and flexible analysis environment with a user-friendly graphical interface as well as a high level of automation of processing chains. The DSS-output consists of charts and tables, evidencing the differences related to costs and carbon emissions between the options inserted by the user for the different intensity of yearly work proceeded. MACHoice is an interactive web-based tool that can be accessed freely for non-commercial use by every known browser.

Impacts of sectoral emissions in China and the implications: air quality, public health, crop production, and economic costs

China has experienced considerable economic losses from a severe deterioration in air quality. To solve this, a comprehensive understanding of the impacts and sources of air pollution is necessary. This study aimed to quantify the environmental and human health impacts of PM2.5 and O3 pollution from the six major emission-producing sectors in China. We utilized a chemical transport model to simulate the air quality impacts engendered by sectoral emissions. The consequent impacts on public health and crop production, as well as the corresponding collateral economic costs, were quantified by concentration-response functions. The results show that the sectoral emissions in 2010 caused approximately 1 143 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 168 000–1 796 000) premature mortalities and a 20 035 (95% CI: 6776–32 166) Gg crop production loss. Of the six sectors, the industrial sector was the largest contributor of air pollution, accounting for 36% of the total impact on health, as well as 41% of crop production loss due to O3 exposure. The impacts attributable to sectoral emissions in China were estimated to cost ∼267 (95% CI: 180–360) billion yuan (0.66% of the annual GDP). Our findings suggest an urgent need to reduce anthropogenic emissions in China, particularly those of the industrial sector. The varying characteristics of impact due to emissions of various sectors highlight the importance of evaluating cobenefits when formulating emission control policies.

Impacts of climate change on groundwater level and irrigation cost in a groundwater dependent irrigated region

The objective of the present study was to assess the impacts of climate change on irrigation cost in a groundwater dependent irrigated region in northwest Bangladesh. An ensemble of general circulation model (GCMs) were used for the projection of climate, an empirical hydrological model based on support vector machine (SVM) was used to simulate groundwater level from climatic variables, and a multiple-linear regression (MLR) model was used to estimate the irrigation cost due to the changes in groundwater level. The results revealed a declination of average groundwater level in the study area in the range of 0.45 – 01.19 m, 0.55–1.79 m, and 0.76–2.71 m under three representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios namely, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively and therefore, an average increase in irrigation cost in the range of 1.61 to 9.82 USD/hectare at 95% confidence level. The maximum declination of groundwater level was projected in the northeast part of the study area in the range of 2.23–4.12 m by the GCM MIROC-ESM-CHEM which might cause an increase of irrigation cost in the range of 8.07 to 14.79 USD/hector. The study concludes that the impact of climate change-induced fluctuations in groundwater level on crop production cost is much less compared to other costs, but it may be significant in locations where groundwater level is declining fast.