Crop Pisum Sativum Research Articles

Duration of the vegetation period of pea collection specimens in the Eastern Siberia

The authors presented the results of the study of the effect of temperature regime and precipitation on the duration of the growing season and its components for the crop Pisum sativum L. These studies were analyzed on the basis of three-year experiments in the conditions of Eastern Siberia and the most early maturing samples were selected. The objects of the study were 20 collection varieties of pea sowing of Russian and foreign selection. The authors conducted studies in accordance with the methodological guidelines for the study of grain legume crops collection in 2018-2020 in the forest-steppe zone of Krasnoyarsk region, on the fields of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The soil of the experimental plot was common black earth heavyloamy. The humus content of the arable layer was 7.8 %, the pH of the salt extract was 6.8. Over the three years of the experiment, the content of nitrate nitrogen N-NO3 in the soil at the time of sowing averaged 10.12 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus P2O5 was high 23.26 mg/100 g; potassium K2O was elevated 10.06 mg/100 g (by Chirikov method). Agronomic techniques were common for grain legume crops in the region. Clean fallow was the precursor. The work aims to determine the duration of vegetation period of pea collection samples and the influence of hydrothermal conditions on it. The tasks of the study are to determine the duration of pea growing season and its components in different heat and moisture supply years. In addition, another task of the study is to determine the variability of pea plants depending on hydrothermal conditions, as well as to identify the most early-ripening varieties. The authors identifined that the maximum duration of the growing season was characteristic of excessively moist 2020. The longest period is «flowering - ripening» (38 - 49 days), the shortest period was «sowing - sprouting» (18 - 27 days). Duration of vegetation period is characterized by medium variability (Vcf = 16.5 %). Directly proportional dependence of vegetation period duration on precipitation amount (r = 0.979) and inversely proportional on average temperature (r = - 0.982) were revealed. For all periods, the correlation in terms of temperature is negative, in terms of precipitation amount - positive, except for the period «sowing - sprouting» (r = - 0,867). The authors recommend using the Canadian selection variety Profi with a growing season of 66 days for early maturity breeding

An integrated approach to highlight biological responses of Pisum sativum root to nano-TiO2 exposure in a biosolid-amended agricultural soil

This study focused on crop plant response to a simultaneous exposure to biosolid and TiO2 at micro- and nano-scale, being biosolid one of the major sink of TiO2 nanoparticles released into the soil environment. We settled an experimental design as much as possible realistic, at microcosm scale, using the crop Pisum sativum. This experimental design supported the hypotheses that the presence of biosolid in the farming soil might influence plant growth and metabolism and that, after TiO2 spiking, the different dimension and crystal forms of TiO2 might be otherwise bioavailable and differently interacting with the plant system. To test these hypotheses, we have considered different aspects of the response elicited by TiO2 and biosolid at cellular and organism level, focusing on the root system, with an integrative approach. In our experimental conditions, the presence of biosolid disturbed plant growth of P. sativum, causing cellular damages at root level, probably through mechanisms not only oxidative stress-dependent but also involving altered signalling processes. These disturbances could depend on non-humified compounds and/or on the presence of toxic elements and of nanoparticles in the biosolid-amended soil. The addition of TiO2 particles in the sludge-amended soil, further altered plant growth and induced oxidative and ultrastructural damages. Although non typical dose-effect response was detected, the most responsiveness treatments were found for the anatase crystal form, alone or mixed with rutile. Based on ultrastructural observations, we could hypothesise that the toxicity level of TiO2 nanoparticles may depend on the cell ability to isolate nanoparticles in subcellular compartments, avoiding their interaction with organelles and/or metabolic processes.The results of the present work suggest reflections on the promising practice of soil amendments and on the use of nanomaterials and their safety for food plants and living organisms.