Duration of the vegetation period of pea collection specimens in the Eastern Siberia

Abstract

The authors presented the results of the study of the effect of temperature regime and precipitation on the duration of the growing season and its components for the crop Pisum sativum L. These studies were analyzed on the basis of three-year experiments in the conditions of Eastern Siberia and the most early maturing samples were selected. The objects of the study were 20 collection varieties of pea sowing of Russian and foreign selection. The authors conducted studies in accordance with the methodological guidelines for the study of grain legume crops collection in 2018-2020 in the forest-steppe zone of Krasnoyarsk region, on the fields of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The soil of the experimental plot was common black earth heavyloamy. The humus content of the arable layer was 7.8 %, the pH of the salt extract was 6.8. Over the three years of the experiment, the content of nitrate nitrogen N-NO3 in the soil at the time of sowing averaged 10.12 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus P2O5 was high 23.26 mg/100 g; potassium K2O was elevated 10.06 mg/100 g (by Chirikov method). Agronomic techniques were common for grain legume crops in the region. Clean fallow was the precursor. The work aims to determine the duration of vegetation period of pea collection samples and the influence of hydrothermal conditions on it. The tasks of the study are to determine the duration of pea growing season and its components in different heat and moisture supply years. In addition, another task of the study is to determine the variability of pea plants depending on hydrothermal conditions, as well as to identify the most early-ripening varieties. The authors identifined that the maximum duration of the growing season was characteristic of excessively moist 2020. The longest period is «flowering - ripening» (38 - 49 days), the shortest period was «sowing - sprouting» (18 - 27 days). Duration of vegetation period is characterized by medium variability (Vcf = 16.5 %). Directly proportional dependence of vegetation period duration on precipitation amount (r = 0.979) and inversely proportional on average temperature (r = - 0.982) were revealed. For all periods, the correlation in terms of temperature is negative, in terms of precipitation amount - positive, except for the period «sowing - sprouting» (r = - 0,867). The authors recommend using the Canadian selection variety Profi with a growing season of 66 days for early maturity breeding