Crop Farming Research Articles

An Empirical Analysis of Climate Change Effects on Selected Cereals Acreage in Nigeria: A Ricardian Approach

This study examined the relationship between the acreage of selected cereal crops and climate variables for the period 1995 – 2021 in Nigeria. The study was based on maize, rice, millet and guinea corn for all the states in Nigeria for the period of study. Data for acreage of selected cereal crops for all the time period were collected from the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics (N.B.S) while data on the two important climate variables required for crop growth – temperature and precipitation – used for the analysis were obtained from the Nigerian Metrological Agency. The results indicated positive response of the acreage of the cereal crops to increase in temperature which is possibly due to other factors that serve in cushioning the effect of the temperature such as irrigation; rainfall has mixed relationship with the acreage of the cereal crops except; the negative coefficient of trend variable shows a negative relationship with the acreage of selected cereal crops. The results of the elasticity of cereals acreage to climate variables show that the acreage of rice is inelastic to rainfall but elastic to temperature. However, maize, millet and guinea corn acreage are all appreciably elastic to precipitation and temperature changes. These results also reveal that with the passage of years and climate factors running contrary to agricultural productivities, cereal crops farmers in Nigeria were adopting new measures to cope with the negative effect of climate change. Climate adaptation measures which include the use of drought or heat resistant varieties, early sowing, mixed cropping, tillage system alteration and the utilization of land that has been considered too marginal for agricultural cultivation reduces the negative effects of climate change on cereal crops acreage and enhances the positive factors.

Risk preferences and the low-carbon agricultural technology adoption: Evidence from rice production in China

Climate change which is mainly caused by carbon emissions is a global problem affecting the economic development and well-being of human society. Low-carbon agriculture is of particular significance in slowing down global warming and reaching the goal of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”. Therefore, taking straw incorporation as an example, this paper aims to investigate the impact of risk preferences on farmers’ low-carbon agricultural technology (LCAT) adoption. Based on a two-phase micro-survey data of 1 038 rice farmers in Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Hunan provinces, this paper uses experimental economics methods to measure farmers’ risk aversion and loss aversion to obtain the real risk preferences information of the farmers. We also explore the data to examine the actual LCAT adoption behavior of farmers. The results revealed that both risk aversion and loss aversion significantly inhibit farmers’ LCAT adoption: more risk-averse or more loss-averse farmers are less likely to adopt LCAT. It is further found that crop insurance, farm scale and governmental regulations can alleviate the negative impact of risk aversion and loss aversion on farmers’ LCAT adoption. Therefore, we propose that local governments need to promote low-carbon agricultural development by propagating the benefits of LCAT, extending crop insurance, promoting appropriate scale operations, and strengthening governmental regulations to promote farmers’ LCAT adoption.

Does Loan Size Matter in How Collateral Characteristics Relate to Credit Access?

The study examined the moderating role of loan size on the relationship between collateral characteristics and access to credit by micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the agricultural sector of the Ashanti Region of Ghana. In the agricultural sector, MSMEs engaged in crop, livestock, and fish farming constituted the population for the study. The study employed a quantitative research method alongside a causal research design. The Pearson multiple regression was employed to analyze the relationships among the study variables. The study found that collateral costs, registration, and insurance positively and significantly contribute to MSMEs’ credit access. Whereas loan size does not moderate the effect of collateral cost on farmers’ credit access, it negatively and significantly moderates the effect of collateral registration and insurance on credit access. Furthermore, loan size positively and significantly moderates the effect of collateral age on farmers’ access to credit. The study was restricted to MSMEs in crop, livestock, and fish farming in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, thus making generalization to the country and beyond difficult. This study is important for decision-making concerning how farmers could take advantage of their collateral to secure appreciable loans in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. No empirical study has examined the moderating role of loan size on the relationship between collateral characteristics and credit access, aside from the fact that empirical studies dominate other sectors other than the agricultural sector.

Acceptance of Agricultural Takaful Among Crop Farmers in Yobe State, Nigeria

Purpose: The primary aim of this research is to examine the elements that influence the acceptance of agriculture Takaful among crop producers in Yobe State. To achieve this, the study will focus on several specific objectives, including evaluating the impact of awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms on the acceptance of agricultural Takaful among crop farmers in Yobe state. Methodology: The study employed descriptive analysis using frequencies, percentages and inferential statistics using structural equation model as technique of data analysis. In this study, the data was analyzed by using software packages for social science, namely SPSS version 22, and AMOS version 21. Findings: The result shows that; awareness of crop farmers towards agricultural Takaful in Yobe State was positive and statistically not significant. While attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms of crop farmers in the study area was positive and statistically significant. Research Limitations/Implications: This study focuses solely on exploring the farmers' willingness to adopt agricultural Takaful in Yobe state, specifically within the Damaturu local government area. The research exclusively relies on primary data obtained from participants through questionnaires. The reason for using this approach is that crop farming constitutes a significant portion of the economic activities in the study area

Multidimensional evaluation of the impacts of agricultural interventions to achieve food security in Malawi

AbstractMalawi's food and nutrition security heavily relies on rainfed agricultural production, which is prone to the effects of climate change, such as floods and dry spells. To improve the situation, policies have been established as a guide to assist in the implementation of agricultural technologies in the country. This study aims to evaluate the effect of two national policies on addressing nutrition, economics, and food security by introducing modern/existing technologies in the Phalombe district in Malawi. To gain insight into the representative farm operations, financial, demographic, and consumption behaviors of smallholder farmers, the data were obtained through a combination of focus group discussions, expert opinions, and various published reports, including both government and nongovernment sources. The farm simulation model (FARMSIM) was utilized to analyze district‐level crop and livestock farm operations. In this study, four irrigation technologies (treadle pump system, motorized pump system, solar‐powered system, and river diversion irrigation system) were assessed among the agricultural interventions implemented in Malawi. Also, seven land uses (i.e., corn, onion, bean, rice, tomato, leafy vegetable, and cabbage) were developed and simulated under irrigation scenarios. The irrigation systems and land use scenarios were evaluated based on economics, productivity, nutrition, and risk. The treadle pump and leafy vegetable scenario were generally identified as the most preferred combination. In addition, the productivity and riskiness of the other scenarios can be improved by selecting the best combination of crop and irrigation systems. The study concludes that government and private investment in subsidies for large‐scale irrigation systems, as well as improvements to market prices and infrastructure, are necessary to boost food security and enhance the livelihood of smallholder farmers in rural Malawi.

Determinants of arable crop farmers’ decisions to adapt to climate change risks in Nigeria

This study ascertained the influence of farmers’ perceptions of climate change effects and their household characteristics on the choice of adaptation technologies they adopt. The survey relied mainly on institutional and primary data for its analysis. Primary data was obtained from arable crop farmers using a set of structured questionnaires administered in a multi-stage, stratified random sampling manner. Sixty (60) farmers were selected from randomly selected states for the five agroclimatic zones in Nigeria, giving a total sample size of 300 farmers. The collected data was analysed using Heckman’s probit selectivity model. It was found that extension contact, gender of the head of household, temperature and rainfall levels determined the decision to adapt to climate change. The respective Z estimates of these aspects were 5.75 (p < 0.01), 5.30 (p < 0.01), 2.32 (p < 0.01) and -9.50 (p < 0.01). However, the farmers’ perceptions of climate change effects were determined by education and agricultural extension access. The Z values for these were 5.42 (p < 0.01) and 2.86 (p < 0.01) respectively. The researcher recommends urgent measures to help farmers adapt to climate change, such as the establishment of weather stations and building the capacities of farmers, especially women.

English

The survival of Protected Areas (PAs) in Cameroon is very much dependent on alternative economic benefits derived by local people living around these areas. This study was set out to assess the contributions of Mount Cameroon National Park (MCNP) activities to livelihood of the local people. To achieve this, a household survey was conducted using simple random sampling technic where each household was given equal opportunity of being selected to take part in the survey. Line transects questionnaires and a selection of some Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were used to source information. A total of 600 questionnaires were administered in 10 villages. The results showed no significant contribution of MCNP activities to livelihood of the local people. Implemented innovative income programs had not yet attained optimum production level. Household income level was perceived to have increased slightly. Previous income activities that impacted negatively conservation such as small-scale logging and shifting cultivation have been abandoned and replaced mainly by innovative income programs such as agroforestry farming, mixed crop farming and sustainable debarking of Prunus africana. However, the sustainability of the innovative income activities would require a more practical match making approach for management.   Key words: Protected areas, management, participatory rural appraisal, household income level.

Adoption of dairy feed technology bundles improves smallholder dairy farmers' milk production

PurposeThis study examined the effects of adopting dairy feed technology bundles on the milk production of smallholder dairy farmers.Design/methodology/approachThe study was based on Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression (MESR) to estimate the effects of the adoption of three feed technology bundles on milk production using data collected from 518 dairy farm households in West Java, Indonesia.FindingsThe findings indicated that adopting technology bundles had positive and robust effects on milk production, with gradual positive effects between non-adoption and the adoption of different bundles of technologies.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focused on the association between the adoption of feed technology bundles and milk production. However, further analysis of the causal links between the adoption of feed technologies and milk production as well as the inclusion of other outcomes in the analysis, such as production costs and risk mitigation, are required.Originality/valueMost of the literature on agricultural technology adoption focuses on the adoption of individual technologies, crop farming and conservation practices. Therefore, this study examined the effects of the adoption of dairy feed technology bundles.

Diversity of the On-Farm Crop Dry Spell Adaptation Technologies in Isingiro Town Council, Isingiro District, Uganda

Isingiro Town Council is located within Uganda’s diagonal eco-region referred to as the “cattle corridor” and is synonymous with extreme climatic conditions, particularly dry spells, and intermittent floods (Egeru, 2016). Dry spells create a crisis among the highly rain-fed dependent farming Households (HH) in the study area. Some farming practices among HH are believed to contribute to Crop Dry Spell Adaptation (DSA). An exploratory survey was conducted to collect data from 125 crop farmers. The selection of respondents was through purposive and referral sampling methods in this study that were aimed at determining the diversity and extent of implementation of on-farm crop-specific Dry Spell Adaptation Technologies (DSATs) for major crops grown at the HH level. These include Bananas (98.4%), Beans (69.6%), Maize (43.2%) plus Fruits (4.0%) as per results from generated summary tables from Stata 14 analysis. 99.2% of the farmers who can define DSA are aware that some of their farming practices contribute to its attainment. DSATs for bananas include; up-rooting underground corms (75.2%), pruning (72.0%), de-suckering and pruning (70.4%), weeding before seeding (68.8%), mulching (67.2%) and staking with nylon strings or poles (64.0%) among others. DSAT for beans includes; strip/row planting with hoe weeding (68.8%), hoe weeding (68%), and beans-banana inter-cropping (16.8%) among others. strip/row planting with hoe weeding (44.8%), hand weeding (42.4%), and maize-banana inter-cropping (5.6%) among others. DSATs among fruits include; pruning and weeding and mulching each is implemented by 4.8% of the fruit farmers while spraying against flower abortion is done by 4%. planting with manure, watering/irrigation, and using water catchment basins each is implemented by 2.4% of the fruit farming HH among others. Farmers tend to implement diverse DSATs on crops where there they expected more Returns on Investment

FACTORS INFLUENCING ARABLE-CROP DIVERSITY AND RICHNESS AMONG SMALLHOLDERS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

Diversity of crop production is an essential strategy of improving biodiversity, sustaining livelihood and raising household income. This study was conducted to analyze the determinants of arable-crop diversity and richness among smallholder farmers in Plateau State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used in the selection 514 crop farmers. Primary data were generated with well-structured questionnaires. Information collected was analyzed using Descriptive statistics, Shannon and Simpson Index, Poison and Tobit regression models. The results showed that the monoculture system was the predominant agricultural practice in the study area; 57% of the farmers practiced monocropping. The average values of Shannon index (0.27) and Simpson index (0.34) was estimated. Diversity index of 0.1-0.2 was 80% for Shannon and 72% for Simpson measures. The socioeconomic factors explaining the likelihood of crop diversity in the area include gender, marital status; education, farming experience, farm size, household size and membership of association. The value of diversity indices obtained in this study is an indication of biodiversity loss. This research demonstrates the need for policies that improve technical knowledge and raise awareness of crop biodiversity management. It also highlights the need for improved access to agricultural information, incentives for diverse farming units, and policy changes, particularly in land reform.

Comparison of Agricultural Machine Tool Needs in Food Crop Farming on Direct Surveys and Integrated Planting Calendar Information Systems

This study aims to compare the needs of agricultural machinery in rice farming through direct surveys and integrated Planting calendar information systems. This research was conducted in July-September 2020 in Boalemo Regency. The number of respondents in the study was 54 farmers. Based on the study's results, it is known that agricultural machinery is very necessary. This is stated by 91% of respondents stating they always use agricultural machinery in their farming business. Agricultural machinery, hand tractors, power theresors, and combine harvesters are included in the high category that farmers often use with percentages of 9, 8.15%, 85.19%, and 72.22%. Rice transplanters are still in the low category 40.74%, due to small land ownership and lack of socialization. The use of agricultural machinery can save costs, reduce labour, and speed up work. Based on the calculation of the adequacy status of the hand tractor, rice transplanter, and power thereser is appropriate. However, in the combine harvester there is a difference in a calculation, manually, the status is less, and in the interactive application the status is saturated. This is due to differences in available tools, and delays in updating data on the planting calendar. So it is necessary to regularly input and repair existing data on the word. Analysis of the B/C ratio of hand tractor, rice transplanter and power thereser is 1. 0, will the business of agricultural machinery is profitable and feasible. While the combine harvester value B/C ratio 1. 0, the exploitation of agricultural machinery is detrimental and not feasible.

Optimization of Selection and Use of a Machine and Tractor Fleet in Agricultural Enterprises: A Case Study

This article presents a realized application of a model and algorithm to optimize the formation and use of a machine and tractor fleet of an agricultural enterprise in crop farming. The concepts and indicators characterizing the processes of agricultural operations of the machine fleet in the agrarian business are considered. A classification of approaches for optimizing the implementation of a complex of mechanized agro-technical operations is given. We systemize different views on the problems under study and possible solutions. The advantages of the proposed model and algorithm, as well as the problematic aspects of their information and instrumental support are discussed. The problem of choosing the optimality criterion when setting the formal problem of optimizing agricultural operations by a fleet of machines in the agricultural field is considered. A modification of the economic and mathematical model for optimizing the structure and production schedules of the machine and tractor fleet is developed. The model is applied in a numerical experiment using real data of a specific agricultural enterprise, and the economic interpretation of the results is discussed. We apply an approach for determining the economic effect of the use of the developed model and algorithm. The possibilities for practical application of the obtained results of the study are substantiated.

PELATIHAN DIVERSIFIKASI TOMAT MENJADI PRODUK OLAHAN SAUS TOMAT DI DESA MONTONG BAAN

Montong Baan Village is one of 14 villages in Sikur District, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. This village is a division of East Suradadi Village, established on November 3, 1938. Most of the people in this village work as crops (tomatoes and chilies) farmers. However, the lack of awareness related to the processing of agricultural products makes the community only depend on the livelihoods of farmers, whereas if the agricultural products are processed, they can make a product with high selling value. Therefore, the purpose of the University of Mataram Thematic Desapreneur Community Service Program for the period December 2022 - February 2023 is to help people create businesses by utilizing tomatoes through outreach and training in making tomato sauce. The stages carried out during the training were mixing ingredients, cooking, packaging, and marketing. The results obtained from this tomato sauce making training are that the people in Montong Baan Village can produce tomato sauce products that have been packaged and labeled and are ready to be marketed. Apart from that, the training on making tomato sauce in Montong Baan Village will certainly open up business opportunities and improve the economy for the community.

Effects of biostimulant application on soil biological and physicochemical properties: A field study

AbstractIntroductionDespite their potential benefits, it is not well understood how the application of biostimulants influences soil biological properties and their microbial communities in field conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impacts of biostimulants on soil biological and physicochemical properties relevant to soil health.Materials and MethodsTo achieve this, we conducted a field study to investigate the effects of two types of commercially available biostimulants, Universal Natural Plant food (UNP) and Converte Seed Primer (CSP), on microbial activity, bacterial and fungal abundance, community structure and diversity, and soil chemical and physical properties across two depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) from five sites under either wheat or pasture cultivation.ResultsOur findings suggest that application of UNP stimulated microbial activity by 40.1% in surface (0–10 cm) and 36.4% in deeper (10–20 cm) soil, but was dependant on site. Effects were generally greater in grasslands compared with arable soils. At sites where UNP stimulated microbial respiration, substrate‐induced respiration was also stimulated in surface soils and was associated with increased soil moisture content and higher total carbon and nitrogen. At the one site where UNP was combined with CSP, soil enzymes associated with carbon and nitrogen cycling were stimulated in UNP and UNP + CSP treatments. Total bacterial and fungal abundance and their alpha diversity did not respond to biostimulant treatment. However, microbial indicator communities were identified that responded positively to UNP and CSP addition across the two depths. Bacterial indicator species included Elsterales, Propionibacteriales, Solibacterales, Candatus, Reyranellales and Sphingomonadales, but differed between depths. For the fungal indicator species Filobasidiales (Basidiomycota) and Pleosporales (Ascomycota) were strong responders and common across both depths.ConclusionOverall, our results suggest some positive effects of biostimulants on soil biological and physicochemical properties. Further long‐term studies should be conducted to evaluate the effects of biostimulants on crop yield and farm resilience.

Prevention of Zoonotic diseases: Knowledge, attitude and practices of arable crop farmers in Osun state

Prevention of Zoonotic diseases: Knowledge, attitude and practices of arable crop farmers in Osun state

Precision Agriculture

The ability to manage fields not as a single unit but by dividing them into separate areas distinguishes precision farming from traditional agriculture. Technologies and techniques used to improve the crop farming is the main domain we are working under precision agriculture.Optical sensors that use the reflectivity of light placed on growing plants to monitor and record the data about soil and crops in real time are available. Electrochemical sensors,are those that monitor plant, soil, and external factors that have a direct impact on plant growth.. A prototype of an intelligent Agriculture Robot tailored exclusively for seed sowing tasks is exhibited. It is a four-wheeled vehicle driven by an LPC2148 microcontroller. Its operation is based on precision agriculture, which allows for effective seed planting at appropriate depths and distances within crops and rows that are specific to each crop species.This work presents a system for diagnosing cotton leaf diseases in India using image processing. The system uses SVM to classify diseases based on color and texture of images obtained from cotton fields using a digital camera. The images undergo pre-processing, including segmentation and feature extraction. The goal is to reduce loss of yield and productivity by early disease identification.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF FAO IN INCREASING FOOD SECURITY AMONG FOOD CROP FARMERS IN JERE LGA BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

This study assessed the role of FAO in increasing food security among food crop farmers in Jere LGA of Borno State, Nigeria. Multi stage random sampling was used in drawing 100 respondents for this study. Information was collected using structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyzed data for this study; descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, mean and percentages and food security index were used, inferential statistics in the form of logit regression was also used. Male dominated food crop production with (66%). Majority (34%) of the food crop farmers in Jere LGA were between the age bracket of (41- 50) years. Overwhelming majority of (81%) were married, and majority of (60%) had household members between (5-8) persons. The level of education was very poor as majority of (42%) had no formal education. The contribution of FAO in increasing the food security among crop farmers in Jere LGA were (assisting in diversifying livelihood 96%, farmer field school 89%), distribution of seeds, 87%). The food security status of the food crop farmers was (65%) were food secure. The logistic regression model was used to examine the socioeconomic characteristics on food security. The results revealed that 9 out of 10 variables included in the model were significant at (5% or 1%). The significant variable at 5% were age, household size, education, farm size, farming experience, access to credit, access to extension service, while marital status, income and access to credit were significant at 1%. The value of R2 that the model explains that 54.7% variation in the data. Government should support FAO in order to ensure that food crop farmers have access to improved farm input such as seed, fertilizers, and others, gets to food crop farmers easily. Large household sizes and farm size were found affect food security level in the study area. Therefore, policy measures were directed towards the provision of better family planning, increased awareness and access to family planning facilities should give adequate attention and priority by government. In view of this, strategies for an effective community participation in design of concept and messages aimed at imparting knowledge about family planning to households are recommended.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MARKETING CHANNEL OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO TRADE THROUGH MIDDLEMEN IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

The research was carried out to determine the socio-economic characteristics and marketing channel of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) farmers’ willingness to trade through middlemen in Bauchi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 204 and 60 sesame farmers and marketers, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed an average age of 40 years; majority (84.8% and 80.0%) farmers and marketers, respectively, were married. Majority (89.7% and 96.7%) farmers and marketers, respectively, were males with average household size of 7 persons. About 63% of the sesame farmers had land size range of 1-4 hectares. Almost half of the farmers (41.2%) and marketers (30.3%) have between 6-10 years of experience with a minimum of secondary education of 43.1% and 41.7%, respectively. Most (73.0%) of the sesame farmers did not belong to any cooperative society and contrary to the marketers with 91.7% belonged to various cooperative societies. Majority (58.8% and 98.3%) of farmers and marketers were purely crop farmers and agro marketers, respectively. More than half 65.2% of the farmers were willing to trade through middlemen and 34.8% of the farmers preferred not to deal with middlemen. Majority (90.0%) of the farmers sold sesame produce through village collectors before it reaches the end user. Poor pricing (70.1%), exploitative practices of the middlemen (63.2%), low profit margin (58.3%) and prolonged, deceiving and deceit bargaining (47.5%) were the major constraints faced by the sesame farmers in dealing with middlemen in the study area. The study concluded that sesame farmers and marketers were young, agile and economically productive; middlemen were found to be highly resourceful though posed serious challenge in the marketing channel of sesame. The study recommended marketing intervention by government in sesame marketing activities like involving price appreciation, reduction in the cost of marketing, formulating and implementing marketing policies and rules by government targeted at improving infrastructures such as roads and providing marketing information outfit for sustainable improving the marketing efficiency.

Health risk assessment of lake water contaminated with microcystins for fruit crop irrigation and farm animal drinking

The health risks linked to the consumption of microcystin-accumulating crops have been increasing worldwide in toxic cyanobloom-occurring regions. The bioaccumulation of microcystins (MCs) in agricultural produce at environmentally realistic concentrations is poorly investigated. In this field study, we assessed the health risks of MCs in raw water used for irrigating fruit crops (bioaccumulation) and watering farm animals in the Lalla Takerkoust agricultural region (Marrakesh, Morocco). Thus, MCs were extracted from water and fruit samples and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in order to calculate the health risk indicators. MCs posed a high health-risk level to poultry and horses, with estimated daily intakes (EDI) being 14- and 19-fold higher than the recommended limits (3.1 and 2.3 μg MC-LR L−1), respectively. Furthermore, pomegranate posed the same level of risk, with EDI being 22- and 53-fold higher than the limit dose (0.04 μg MC-LR kg−1) for adults and children, respectively. There was an urgent need for guidelines regarding water use and management in MC-polluted areas, besides the setup of nature-based tools for toxin removal from raw water used in farming practices. Moreover, MCs could contaminate the human food chain, which implies further investigations of their potential accumulation in livestock- and poultry-based food.

Exploring the Adoption and Impact of Conservation Agriculture among Smallholder Farmers in Semi-Arid Areas: Evidence from Chamwino District, Tanzania

The adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) technologies by smallholder farmers is expected to affect agricultural productivity and ultimately improve food security and farm incomes. However, there is still limited empirical evidence on the adoption and effects of CA technologies among smallholder farmers in the semi-arid areas of Tanzania. This study was designed to assess the adoption of CA by smallholder farmers in semi-arid areas. The study used a cross-sectional survey design in four villages in Chamwino districts where CA projects are promoted. A random sample of 260 households was interviewed in this study, including 134 CA adopters and 126 non-CA adopters. Data were collected and analyzed using KoBo and SPSS statistics respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to examine extension approaches applied and analyze the extent of CA adoptions. A logistic regression model explored the determinants influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt CA. In addition, two independent samples t-tests were used to calculate the effect of CA adoption on crop yields and farm incomes. The results show that robust extension services led to a better quality of CA practices on CA farms. Gender, access to extension services, access to agricultural inputs, participation in farmer groups, and access to credit for agriculture significantly influence the adoption of CA. CA adopters achieved better average crop yields and higher farm income per unit area than those who did not adopt CA. Thus, the study recommends that the government and other development actors devote more resources to agricultural extension services and mechanization to support and increase the scaling up of CA technologies. There is also a need to establish and strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems to ensure coherence, impact and sustainability of CF programs in semi-arid areas of Tanzania.