Critical Work Research Articles

Why Gerontology Needs Anthropology: Toward an Applied Anthropological Gerontology.

In this essay, we argue that gerontologists should increase their engagement with anthropologists to increase transdisciplinary collaboration, fulfill the interdisciplinary promise of gerontology as a field, and to ensure the work of anthropologists is formed by, and employed in, situations where meaningful engagement with practitioners and policymakers can lead to social change. Anthropology is the study of human societies in historical, biological, and sociocultural context, comprising a holistic field of study that can contribute unique methods, approaches, and theories to the field of gerontology. Although increasing amounts of anthropological scholarship have focused on older adulthood, this critical work of anthropologists still needs to be utilized by those in positions of power to enact change. Furthermore, the work conducted by anthropologists of aging has not consistently been recognized as anthropological scholarship. Therefore, a notable gap exists between the promise of the anthropology of aging and the utilization of the field, its findings, and engagement with the broader gerontological academy. As such, the contributions of anthropology to aging scholarship and the resulting reduction in inequities in the aging experience are not always adequately recognized. By examining the history of anthropology's engagement with aging and the lifecourse, we argue for a more applied anthropological gerontology. We conclude with a call to action to ensure that anthropological gerontology is seen as a fundamental branch of scholarship, both within anthropology and gerontology, which can be used to improve the lived experiences of older adults globally.

Running Critical Power and W´: Influence of the Environment, Timing and Time Trial Order.

This study aimed to determine the influence of the testing environment (track vs. treadmill), time trial order (long-short vs. short-long), and timing (within-session vs. between-sessions) on the critical power (CP) and work over CP (W´), using the power metric in runners. Fifteen highly trained athletes performed three test sessions composed of two time trials of 9- and 3-min, separated by a 30-min rest period. One session was performed on a track, and two sessions on a treadmill, alternating the order of the time trials. The CP and W´ values determined on the track were significantly greater and lower than on the treadmill, respectively (p<0.001; CP≥89 W; W´≥3.7 kJ). Their degree of agreement was low (SEE CP>5%; W´>10%) and therefore was not interchangeable. There were no performance differences in the timing of the time trials (p=0.320). Lastly, performing the 9-min trial first resulted in a greater power output compared to when executed last (p<0.001; 4.9 W), although this resulted in similar CP and W´ values (Bias<5 and 10%, respectively). In conclusion, it is feasible to test CP and W´ in a single testing session, irrespective of the time trial order, although not interchangeably between track and treadmill.

Ce que les littératures autochtones ont à voir avec la décolonisation

This article explores selected poems from Dumont’s A Really Good Brown Girl and The Pemmican Eaters as critical works that address dual aspects of Indigenous decolonization struggles. While the poems from A Really Good Brown Girl adopt the language/poetics of resistance to critique cultural and linguistic discrimination, The Pemmican Eaters focuses on reclaiming and regenerating the author’s Indigenous identity. One of the strategies common to the poems is the repositioning of former derogatory terms to reclaim the Indigenous affirming meanings and histories of these words. By representing these words and memories through a Cree Métis perspective, Dumont subverts popular colonial myths and shows the truth about settler-colonization to the colonizer. Dumont’s poems offer a strong and direct critique of settler-colonization as well as the colonizer’s attempts to control Indigenous bodies and worldviews. And by so doing, they demonstrate the connections between literary activism and ongoing Indigenous journeys to sovereignty.

Optimization of Bridge Crane Main Beam Dimensions Based on Sparrow Search Algorithm and Finite Element Analysis

With the development of information technology, mathematical statistics methods have been widely used in the optimization of mechanical components. This study optimizes the main beam of a bridge crane based on the sparrow search algorithm and finite element analysis. The size of the main beam of a bridge crane has a significant impact on its structural strength and stability, making the optimization of this problem practically significant. Firstly, different sizes of main beams are simulated using finite element analysis under the most critical working conditions to obtain their structural stress and deformation. Then, the Sparrow Search Algorithm is introduced as the optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal size of the main beam through iterative solving. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the Sparrow Search Algorithm in the optimization of the main beam of a bridge crane are validated by comparing it with traditional optimization algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimization of the main beam of a bridge crane based on the Sparrow Search Algorithm and finite element analysis can effectively improve the structural performance of the main beam, offering certain engineering application value.

I Need You To Survive: Black Women Resisting White Supremacy Culture for Faculty and Student Wellbeing

The K-12 teaching population in the United States remains overwhelmingly White despite rapid changes in racial demographics. Black prospective educators enrolled in teacher preparation programs often find themselves isolated and subjected to racism. Racial affinity groups have been established to support students of Color. Faculty mentors of these groups spend substantial time, physical, and emotional energy supporting students who navigate the violence of higher education institutions. Given recent and ongoing pandemics, supporting students to survive, thrive, and develop psychological literacy is critical work and has become more time intensive. This article examines the experiences of two Black women faculty mentors working with Black undergraduate students. Findings indicate that notwithstanding the labor, mentoring has supported faculty members’ wellbeing, thereby disrupting traditional notions of service leading to burnout. The authors posit that affinity mentoring is mutually beneficial for faculty and student wellbeing. Implications and transferability are discussed.

Asymmetries at play: race, racism, and anti-racism in the archives of radical theatre-in-education

ABSTRACTThis article examines race, racism, and anti-racism in an historical example of British radical theatre-in-education in the 1980s: Pit Prop Theatre's Brand of Freedom (1984). We argue that while the programme's aims prefigured contemporary moves toward decolonising drama and theatre education, its theatrical representation of Black experience also reproduced a ‘racial calculus’ [Hartman, 6] that limited Black personhood, centred whiteness, and enacted white saviour tropes. Throughout, we emphasise the importance of critical historiographical work at the intersections of drama and theatre pedagogy, race, and class, to identify and dismantle practices of white-centricity in histories of drama and theatre education.

Kant y el escepticismo pirrónico: indicios para una perspectiva kantiana, en clave escéptica

My objective is to highlight the importance of Pyrrhonian skepticism in the development and consolidation of critical-transcendental idealism. For this I follow a metaphysical point of view, different from the specialized bibliography, about the influ-ence of skepticism in Kant, I introduce the notion of argumental resonance as a guide, assuming the unknowability of things in themselves and of transcendentality. The result is the updating of an old problem about the influence of Pyrrhonian skepticism on Kant, with the addition of a metaphysical context, that goes from a dogmatic-rationalist period to his own proposal. My conclusion is that such skeptical argumental resonance has been irreproachable in his pre-critical, critical and posthumous works.

ШЕКСПІРОЗНАВЧІ ЗНАХІДКИ МАРІЇ ГАБЛЕВИЧ У СВІТЛІ НАРАТОЛОГІЧНИХ СТУДІЙ

The current paper seeks to present an insightful re-reading of the works authored by the contemporary Ukrainian Shakespearean scholar, practicing translator, editor, and critic M. Hablevych (born 1950) through the prism of narratology. The focus is on one of the main topics of her scientifi c research – Shakespeare’s legacy in the light of his life and works. Methodological tenets of transgeneric narratology (P. Huhn, M. Kraan, E. Müller-Zettelmann) and reception aesthetics (R. Ingarden, W. Iser, R. Barth) comprise the ground for the research in the paper. The ultimate goal of the paper is to apply narratological concepts to the critical and theoretical works of Maria Hablevych as well as to analyze the Ukrainian translations of Shakespeare’s Sonnets by D. Pavlychko (1998) and N. Butuk (2011) against their background. It is argued that the “Author” concept as regarded by the multifaceted agent partially correlates with the “Author-function” by M. Foucault, fulfi lling the functions of narratorhood (M.–L. Ryan). Yet, it reaches beyond the traditional narratological understanding of the notion of Author. By applying the critical-theoretical method, the method of narratological analysis, the elements of interpretive textual analysis, and translation studies analysis, the article looks into the peculiarities of narratological categories reproduction in the Ukrainian translations. The latter bears signifi cance for the adequate reproduction of the ideological and semantic unity of the Sonnets. The paper reveals various degrees of their rendering, with the version by N. Butuk being considered the most successful and closest to the multifaceted agent’s interpretation. Key words: multifaceted agent, Shakespeare, Author-function, Author’s voice, heterodiegetic narrator, homodiegetic narrator, mediation, point of focus, narration.

Evaluating fracture resistance of basalt fiber reinforced mortar to mode I/III load using edge notched disc bend (ENDB) specimen: Insights from acoustic emission and morphological analysis

Failures of the topcoat in pavement structures often occur due to mixed mode I/III traction; however, incorporating basalt fibers (BFs) into cement mixtures can effectively enhance mortar toughness and improve service conditions. To gain a deeper insight into the fracture behavior of BF-reinforced cement mixture, the Edge Notch Disc Bend (ENDB) testing with acoustic emission (AE) technique was first conducted on BF reinforced mortar specimens considering three different dosages of BFs (0%, 0.3% and 0.8% by weight). Four fracture parameters, including effective fracture toughness (Ke), effective work of fracture (Wp), effective critical fracture toughness (Keff) and effective critical work of fracture (Wp-eff), were employed to assess the fracture performance of BF-reinforced mortars. The results show that the Ke for mode III is significantly lower than that for mode I, while Wp is critical for mode III. Interestingly, the increase in Ke, Keff, Wp and Wp-eff is closely associated with the micro behavior involved in reducing the effective critical distance. Then, the digital reconstruction of fracture surfaces was performed, revealing that the fractal and roughness characteristics of the fracture surface subjected to mode ІІІ loading are more pronounced than those under mode I loading. These results can be further enhanced by the fiber crack-bridging effect. Moreover, it is validated that the out-of-plane shear failure induced by tensile stress occurs specifically under pure mode ІІІ loading state (KІc>KІІІcand 90% shear-type waveforms), which illustrates the feasibility of applying pure mode III load under ENDB testing. By analyzing variations in dominant frequency and b value, we demonstrate that mortars with higher BFs content exhibit a greater prevalence of shear-type microfractures characterized by smaller rupture scales and weaker heterogeneity under mode ІІІ loading conditions. These findings can offer a novel perspective on elucidating the crack-bridging effect of fibers during the rupture of fiber-reinforced mixtures.

Tourism, worldmaking, and disquieting settler atmospherics

ABSTRACT This article considers how affects animate and uphold tourism and settler colonialism. Engaging a ‘curious’ postdisciplinary research methodology informed by the relational power of listening, I trace the emergence of two interrelated atmospheres in the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, both of which exemplify how settler colonialism is built and maintained as a structure of feeling that supports larger processes of worldmaking via tourism. In detailing these two atmospheres and their effects, I illuminate the mechanisms and practices through which tourism-related atmospheric infrastructures overtly and covertly contribute to worldmaking; exemplify how settlers might learn to destabilize, disrupt, or diffuse such atmospherics in and through tourism as a practice of unsettling; and expand on the literature detailing how we might research affective, embodied, and atmospheric moments of tourism. I take inspiration from related critical, interventionist, and narrative work in tourism and build on it to suggest that unsettling tourism—or tourism worldmaking—must be oriented toward mediating agencies of worldmaking like light and sound.

Birds of the Air and Winged Creatures: An Ironic Critique of Surveillance in Ecclesiastes and an Ellulian Ethic of Language, Love, Fear, and Freedom

First, this article introduces the person and work of Jacques Ellul and highlights important aspects of his writing on surveillance, power, and violence. It shows that Ellul’s critique of surveillance predates the work of other critics of surveillance such as Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, and Giorgio Agamben. This provides a conceptual sociological frame for the more philosophical, theological, and ethical work provided in the conclusion. Second, this essay engages Ellul’s reading of Ecclesiastes, as provisionally demonstrated here, to uncover the wisdom of this curious scriptural text that can help individuals and groups to think and live well in surveillant environments.

¿Cómo leer a los padres? Cuerpos, monumentos e historia en M, Restos de restos y Tierra de los padres de Nicolás Prividera

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the critical, poetic and cinematographic work of Nicolás Prividera with the aim of thinking about the ways in which the memory of the dictatorship is staged by a representative of "second generation" cinema. Three notions are investigated here: that of the body in relation to the cinema of the children of the disappeared in M (2007), that of the monumentalization of memory in some texts of Restos de Restos (2012) and the question of the representation of history, its relation to political discourses, and violence in Argentine history in Tierra de los Padres (2013).

The Effects of a 90-km Outdoor Cycling Ride on Performance Outcomes Derived From Ramp-Incremental and 3-Minute All-Out Tests.

Bitel, M, Keir, DA, Grossman, K, Barnes, M, Murias, JM, and Belfry, GR. The effects of a 90-km outdoor cycling ride on performance outcomes derived from ramp-incremental and 3-minute all-out tests. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 540-548, 2024-The purpose of this study was to determine whether laboratory-derived exercise intensity and performance demarcations are altered after prolonged outdoor cycling. Male recreational cyclists ( n = 10; RIDE) performed an exhaustive ramp-incremental test (RAMP) and a 3-minute all-out test (3MT) on a cycle ergometer before and after a 90-km cycling ride. RAMP-derived maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), gas exchange threshold (GET), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and associated power output (PO), as well as 3MT-derived critical power (CP) and work performed above CP, were compared before and after ∼3 hours of outdoor cycling. Six active men served as "no-exercise" healthy controls (CON), who, instead, rested for 3 hours between repeated RAMP and 3MT tests. During the 90-km ride, the duration within the moderate-intensity, heavy-intensity, and severe-intensity domains was 59 ± 24%, 40 ± 24%, and 1 ± 1%, respectively. Compared with pre-90 km, post-RAMP exhibited reductions in (a) V̇O 2max (4.04 ± 0.48 vs. 3.80 ± 0.38 L·min -1 ; p = 0.026) and associated PO (392 ± 30 W vs. 357 ± 26 W; p = 0.002); (b) the V̇O 2 and PO at RCP (3.49 ± 0.46 vs. 3.34 ± 0.43 L·min -1 ; p = 0.040 and 312 ± 40 W vs. 292 ± 24 W; p = 0.023); and (c) the PO (214 ± 32 W vs. 198 ± 25 W; p = 0.027), but not the V̇O 2 at GET (2.52 ± 0.44 vs. 2.44 ± 0.38 L·min -1 ; p = 0.388). Pre-90 km vs. post-90 km 3MT variables showed reduced W' (9.8 ± 3.4 vs. 6.8 ± 2.6 kJ; p = 0.002) and unchanged CP (304 ± 26 W and 297 ± 34 W; p = 0.275). In the CON group, there were no differences in V̇O 2max , GET, RCP, W', CP, or associated power outputs ( p > 0.05) pre-to-post 3 hours of rest. The preservation of critical power demonstrates that longer-duration maximal efforts may be sustained after long-duration cycle. However, shorter sprints and higher-intensity efforts eliciting V̇O 2max will exhibit decreased PO after 3 hours of a predominantly moderate-intensity cycle.

Remote Determination of Critical Speed and Critical Power in Recreational Runners.

This study aimed to compare estimations of critical speed (CS) and work completed above CS (D'), and their analogies for running power (critical power [CP] and W'), derived from raw data obtained from habitual training (HAB) and intentional maximal efforts in the form of time trials (TTs) and 3-minute all-out tests (3MTs) in recreational runners. The test-retest reliability of the 3MT was further analyzed. Twenty-three recreational runners (4 female) used a foot pod to record speed, altitude, and power output for 8 consecutive weeks. CS and D', and CP and W', were calculated from the best 3-, 7-, and 12-minute segments recorded in the first 6weeks of their HAB and in random order in weeks 7 and 8 from 3 TTs (3, 7, and 12min) and three 3MTs(to assess test-retest reliability). There was no difference between estimations of CS or CP derived from HAB, TT, and 3MT (3.44 [0.63], 3.42 [0.53], and 3.76 [0.57]m · s-1 and 281 [41], 290 [45], and 305 [54]W, respectively), and strong agreement between HAB and TT for CS (r = .669) and CP (r = .916). Limited agreement existed between estimates of D'/W'. Moderate reliability of D'/W' was demonstrated between the first and second 3MTs, whereas excellent reliability was demonstrated for CS/CP. These data suggest that estimations of CS/CP can be derived remotely, from either HAB, TT, or 3MT, although the lower agreement between D'/W' warrants caution when using these measures interchangeably.

На хвосте у Левиафана: антропологические исследования бюрократии и бюрократов

This article precedes a selection of papers written as a result of the seminar on the anthropology of bureaucracy in modern Russia. The text offers a brief overview of the development of research into bureaucracy, where studies are mainly made in a polemic with Max Weber’s model of the “ideal” bureaucracy. It considers the most significant works that preceded the emergence of an interest in bureaucracy on the part of social scientists, written in the fields of political science and sociology and united by the method of participant observation. The authors pay attention to the difficulties in distinguishing the anthropology of bureaucracy as an independent field, which, on the one hand, is integrated into political anthropology and on the other hand, tends towards the social studies of professions. The article suggests understanding the anthropology of bureaucracy primarily as a certain viewpoint focusing on how management is implemented and how the “state” is reproduced and felt within bureaucratic institutions. The authors distinguish several popular areas in the field of social research into bureaucracy: critical works analyzing primarily the structural violence of bureaucrats against citizens through client classifications, bureaucratic arbitrariness, etc.; works that focus on the moral and affective aspect of bureaucracy, including the moral dilemmas of employees and their feelings; works devoted to the material world of bureaucracy, where documents become important participants in social interaction; research on the experience of interaction with bureaucracy as a client. In addition, the article provides an overview of existing studies (mainly) of the street-level Russian bureaucracy, performed using anthropological methods within the boundaries of different disciplines.

Building Connections in the Library

Building Connections among an Information Services Team in a theological library and a communication center housed in the same building can be beneficial to the academic pursuits of students and faculty at institutions that are both large and small. This conversation group focused on the critical work of Information Services and the communication center in building neural connections by stimulating the various lobes of the brain responsible for the research and writing process. Considering a whole brain approach, participants were introduced to ways in which Information Services and communication center staff can collaborate to assist with the academic pursuits of both faculty and students at their respective institutions.

A maritime turn and ocean ontologies in critical heritage studies

ABSTRACT This paper calls for a maritime turn in critical heritage theory. Drawing on recent work on ocean and maritime ontologies, it takes up the idea of the ‘ocean in excess’ to argue for a maritime imagination that overcomes the separation of land from water, culture from nature. The paper begins by sketching out the terracentric norms that have come to underpin critical theory around cultural heritage. From there, recent insights on ocean ontologies are cited to show how they can open up new ways of thinking about existing strands of critical heritage work. The second half of the paper turns to the issue of ocean governance and the complex politics that arise from competing ontologies. This provides the foundation for a discussion of the transoceanic heritage discourses that are now emerging, as countries seek regional, come global influence in world affairs. Understanding these and other developments requires moving beyond the earthly, such that we more robustly engage with a multivalent heritage politics that operates across air, water and land.

EVALUATION OF TRANSLATION- AN OVERVIEW

Translation Studies is now a deep-rooted interdisciplinary field of research whose limits extend beyond linguistic considerations is perhaps unquestionable. The twentieth century, particularly its second half, has witnessed the appearance of an important number of theoretical outputs that have in fact laid the foundations of the translation studies as a discipline. Translation has been regarded as a practice of reading and writing, and as a vehicle which passes through the cultures across the world. The diverse critical works on translation theory focuses on a series of aspects dealing with the problems and prospects of translation as an academic activity. In recent times, the growth in Translation Studies, there has been a shift in the development of Translation Studies by giving the emphasis on the translation process of literary texts from different perspectives.

Diverse perspectives of the problem of periodization in developmental psychology

Periodization within developmental psychology involves the segmentation of human growth and maturation into distinct, meaningful phases or stages. This concept is fundamental for comprehending and examining the intricate progression of human development. Currently, the ongoing changes in our country, including the public education system, are focused on educators and all those involved in teaching. The goals include fostering independent thinking and activity in students, as well as instilling strong moral values in them. This entails tackling intricate and weighty responsibilities, such as nurturing their critical thinking, communication skills, reading proficiency, and work aptitude. To effectively address these objectives, it’s imperative to possess not only the theoretical underpinnings of pedagogy, subject-specific teaching methodologies, and a grasp of fundamental aspects of students’ physiology and hygiene, but also a degree of psychological knowledge. Every educator should possess some level of proficiency in psychology, as they interact with a diverse student body of varying ages, each with unique individual traits [11].

Визуальный портрет главной героини в «Пейзаже и жанре» Н. С. Лескова «Зимний день»

The problem of the interaction of words and images in the works of N.S. Leskov is currently the least studied. The genre subtitle of the late story A Winter’s Day (1894) – “Landscape and genre” encourages us to consider the work in the aspect of the designated problem. O. V. Evdokimova (1980), B. S. Dykhanova (2013), O. V. Chervinskaya (2018), D. S. Rivanenkova (2021) analyze the features of the genre, taking into account the meanings of the subtitle. The specific nature of the genre of the work determines the poetics of the portrait in it, which has not been studied before. The portrait of the main character in the story by N.S. Leskov is interpreted as a visual portrait, a visual image. The understanding of the “visual image” is based on literary, cultural and art criticism works of the modern scientists. The climax in the poetics of the portrait of the main character, Lydia, is a comparison with the goddess Diana. The analysis of sculptural and pictorial contexts (“Goddess Artemis with a deer” Tanagra, end of 4th century B.C., “Diana of Versailles”, circa 325 B. C., “Diana Resting”, 1732–1733, “The Hunt of Diana”, 1616–1620 etc.) illustrates that the writer shows the world through the lens of the depicted. Contextual connections of Lydia’s portrait with the image of Diana actualize the visual image in the work of N. S. Leskov. The main character of the story is an exceptional character against the background of other (everyday) characters of the work, since her visual portrait, which includes the features of pictorial and sculptural images, was created as a separate work of art. The article shows that the poetics of a visual portrait is determined by different facets of the genre – “Landscape and genre”: the everyday and the existential ones.