Critical Lands Research Articles

PENYULUHAN DAN PENANAMAN BIBIT-BIBIT DURIAN PADA LAHAN KRITIS DI DESA CURUG, KOTA BOGOR

The region in Indonesia is indicated to have many critical lands. Critical lands are lands that have experienced degradation so that the land cannot function properly. In other words, efforts to obtain benefits from the level of productivity that should not be comparable to the results of production. Therefore, efforts must be made to improve the land so that its productivity can recover. In the Curug sub-district, Bogor City, there are critical lands. This critical land is caused by steep land topology and high rainfall. One of the critical land areas is the Curug River watershed. The slope of the land on the side of the river exceeds a slope of 45º. High rainfall causes the land to experience cracks accompanied by subsidence of the land surface. One of the handling efforts that can be carried out on an ongoing basis is integrated reforestation. Based on these problems, the aim of this community service (PKM) is to provide education regarding the dangers of critical land and cultivating critical land with durian seeds. This activity was carried out by a team consisting of source persons, lecturers and students from the Faculty of Earth and Energy Technology, Trisakti University. The PKM activity was attended by the Head of RW 13 and the Head of RT 3 in Curug Village and their staff. Apart from that, the PKM was attended by the men and women of RT 3 residents who actively participated in counseling activities and planting durian seeds along the areas along the river and other areas.

Sustainable Agroforestry Model for Supporting Farming Communities by Identifying Land Development in Bone District

Agroforestry is an optimal land management approach that combines forestry, agriculture, livestock, and fisheries activities within the same area. Sustainable agroforestry models are implemented through community support in Bone District. The Bengo region is one of the initiatives undertaken by STIP YAPI BONE as part of a partnership scheme for the Agroforestry model, which represents a local wisdom aimed at safeguarding water sources by integrating several key components, including food crops, perennial plants, and livestock. It is undeniable that the Bengo region is highly unique, as it is divided into several zones, such as the core zone (Integrated Agrocomplex Gardens), buffer zone (Land for Integrated Forestry, Plantation, Agriculture, and Fisheries Commodities), and utilization zone. It holds significant social, cultural, economic, and ecological value. Bengo boasts two key farmers, Mr. Sahir and Mr. Asgar, who have successfully transformed their cocoa plantations into Agroforestry gardens. Therefore, Bengo has the potential to become a cornerstone for the partnership between the Research and Community Service Institution, offering economic, social, and ecological benefits. Hence, it is imperative to preserve Bengo. One approach to achieving this is to raise awareness among all stakeholders, including both the community and the government, regarding the importance of applying Sustainable Agroforestry models to critical lands in Bone District, particularly in South Sulawesi.

Soil classification and prediction model for critical land on the slopes of Mount Raung in Indonesia

Indonesia is in the ring of fire, which has an impact on the characteristics of volcanoes, one of which is Mount Raung. Mount Raung, part of the Iyang-Argopura mountains, has a role in influencing the development of soil types and the environment; it was recorded in 1586, 1987, 1597, and 1638. Soil types and environmental parameters have an influence on critical land conditions. Remote sensing technology has been used in various fields, one of which is land evaluation. This study examined the distribution of soil characteristics and the mapping of critical lands through remote sensing approaches. The method used to identify the morphological characteristics of soil classification and the potential for critical land was a descriptive-exploratory method. The results of the research on soil types are divided into three orders, namely Andisols, Inceptisols, and Alfisols. The three land orders are divided into nine great groups, with Lithic Eutrudepts having the highest area of 38.02%, followed by Typic Hapludalfs (21.70%), Typic Eutrudepts (9.79%), Typic Epiaquepts (7.84%), Aquic Eutrudepts (7.71%), Aquic Eutrudepts (5.64%), Fluventic Epiaquepts (5.30%), Typic Udivitrands (2.16%), and Vitric Hapludands (1.83%). Critical land based on the analysis of five factors of erosion, land use, slope, rainfall, and soil canopy density, is divided into four criteria i.e., critical area of 895.88 ha, medium critical 9,027.69 ha, and lightly critical of 14,096.89 ha. Land use, slope, and plant canopy density play a major role in the potential for critical land with a strong-very-strong level of closeness (0.350-0.610).

The Role of Coastal Women’s Empowerment in Achieving The Success of SDGs: A Study on The Kebaya Group, Bekasi

Land conversion has occurred in the coastal area of Kampung Beting, Pantai Bahagia Village, Bekasi Regency. What used to be a mangrove plantation has transformed into spaces for fish and shrimp ponds. This phenomenon took place from 2001 to the early 2010s. The promise of lucrative income led the community to compete in changing land use without considering the potential consequences. After 2011, the community gradually began to feel the negative impacts of this land conversion. To this day, the entire area that was once used for ponds has turned into the sea, causing the community to lose their livelihoods. Furthermore, not only have they lost their livelihoods, but they have also been confronted with land degradation, which threatens their sustainability. This study examines how coastal women's empowerment activities can contribute to sustainable development. The research employs a phenomenological approach, and data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that Coastal Women's Empowerment Contributes to Sustainable Goals in Climate Change Mitigation, Gender Equality, and Poverty Alleviation. In climate change mitigation activities, there are two key activities: 1) the development of women's behavior in efforts to improve and rehabilitate critical lands, and 2) women's involvement in the maintenance of mangrove trees. In gender equality activities, there is one main activity: 1) active participation of women in productive economic activities, allowing coastal women in Pantai Bahagia Village to have regular activities beyond their domestic responsibilities. The focus of poverty alleviation activities is 2) increasing income by utilizing non-timber mangrove products for food processing and crafts.

Proposing Green Waqf Development Strategy in Protecting Land Ecosystems in Indonesia

Climate change and terrestrial ecosystems are one of the important things in sustainable development goals (SDGs). In Indonesia, there are about 14 million critical lands (The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 2018) that motivated the formation of several innovative financing to utilize critical lands, including the Green Waqf Movement since August 2021. This study aims to describe, identify key sub-elements, and analyze the Green Waqf development strategy in maintaining terrestrial ecosystems in Indonesia through the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach. The results show that several key aspects in the constraint element are the lack of professionalism of nazhir, the lack of low public literacy and the lack of education and socialization of Green Waqf in the development of Green Waqf. The main goal that needs to be achieved is the existence of legal support for Green Waqf. This study recommends Green Waqf development strategies by coordinating the Indonesian Waqf Board, WaCIDS, nazhir, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, local governments and other related stakeholders to encourage the Green Waqf program. In addition, approaching and fostering good relationship between wakif, nazhir, and business (including SMEs) as well as developing a number of green product development programs are also important.

Rehabilitation Strategy for Restoration of Riverbank Protection Function in the Merawu Watershed, Banjarnegara Regency

Riverbank is a buffer zone for the river ecosystem and the surrounding land. The significant land use changes and land cover reduction in the Merawu Watershed had put pressure on the riverbank and threatened the protection function sustainability. Thus, this study aims to 1) identify the riverbank’s ecological status, 2) identify its Protection Carrying Capacity (PCC), 3) determine the indicative location of rehabilitation, and 4) develop a rehabilitation strategy for restoring the riverbank protection function. The Riparian Quality Index (RQI) results indicated riverbank ecological degradation and deviation from natural conditions due to intensive tillage. The entire riverbank PCC status was poor due to less land cover in dryland agriculture and mixed dryland agriculture. Three indicative locations of rehabilitation were prioritized, i.e., Karangkobar (54.86 ha), Kalibening (41.21 ha), and Wanayasa Sub-districts (39.31 ha). Recommended riverbank rehabilitation strategies were 1) constructing bunds and bench terraces in sloping land, 2) implementing trees along the border (hedgerow) pattern and riparian buffer strips to increase land cover on cultivated riverbank lands, and 3) constructing gully plugs and retaining dams to strengthen riverbanks; using organic mulch; and planting the recommended species (Falcataria falcata, Artocarpus altilis, Dendrocalamus asper, and Gigantochloa apus) on degraded critical lands.

Development Communication Challenges in Preserving Tambi Coffee Farms and Revitalizing Critical Lands

Critical land has caused concern among many stakeholders because it can have serious impacts. This has become the main agenda in sustainable development carried out by development actors. One form of revitalization is carried out by improving soil structure by planting coffee which is initiated through collaboration between institutions and involving the local community. The study in this article uses a narrative review. The approach used is done by reviewing each article that develops from time to time and is considered possible and relevant as the basis for analysis. The data analysis used is a simplified approach. The steps taken in the simplified approach analysis are summarizing each piece of literature. Critical appraisal is carried out simultaneously to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the literature and to see the relationship between one literature and another. This study found that development actors consisting of facilitators, mediators, other change agents, and beneficiaries, both between the government and the community or the private sector and the community, have challenges as well as decisive roles in building the face of development from various interest perspectives. Capacity building either through education, training, or improving the communication channels used determines the effectiveness of cooperation in the perspective of development communication that affects the success of development programs.

EVALUASI PROGRAM FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN SELECTED RIVER BASINS DI KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG

The problem of flooding and erosion is a natural phenomenon that greatly affects the community. Losses resulting from these events can reduce the quality of human life in various aspects of life. So there is a need for immediate management with various strategies. One of them is the Evaluation of the Flood Management in Selected River Basins Program in Pandeglang Regency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Farmland Management and Sustainable Agriculture Practices for Flood Management in Selected River Basins program Sector Project Pandeglang with the perspective of the CIPP evaluation model (Context, Input, Process, Product) and to recommend sustainability strategies. The research was conducted using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the existence of the FMSRB program was able to answer various problems with critical lands and flood risk. Then the most effective continuation strategy that must be carried out is carried out by the Pandeglang Regency government with a Collaborative Governance strategy, namely collaboration between the Regency government and the private sector, universities/academics, and so on. The conclusion of the research is that the CIPP evaluation model can answer the main causes of flooding in the Pandeglang Regency.

Role of Stakeholders in the Development of Tambi Coffee Agroforestry

The slopes of Mount Tambi turned green again after the efforts to revitalize critical lands carried out by LMDH Argo Mulyo through the development of Tambi coffee agroforestry were successfully initiated from 2010 to 2022. The success of revitalizing critical land in Gunung Tambi certainly did not just happen, because Mount Tambi is a community's living space. has been used for years as a place of livelihood for farming communities who use a seasonal farming system, an agricultural system that is known to be environmentally unfriendly. However, the Tambi coffee agroforestry development model offered by LMDH Argo Mulyo can be a model in utilizing social forestry as a solution to overcome the existing environmental problems. This study reviews the role of stakeholders in efforts to revitalize critical land through the development of Tambi coffee agroforestry using the rapid rural appraisal (RRA) research method. This study conducted an analysis of stakeholder engagement to review the role of stakeholders in the development of tambi coffee agroforestry involving civil society groups, government and the private sector. The success of the development of Tambi coffee agroforestry is evidenced by the increasing social impact in the form of the number of members increasing to 190 people, the economic impact that increases the income of coffee farmers to Rp 35 million per harvest and the environmental impact by increasing the area managed into agroforestry covering an area of 66 hectares.

Conserving Potential and Endangered Species of Pericopsis mooniana Thwaites in Indonesia

Indonesia has around 4000 wood species, and 10% (400) of species are categorized as commercial wood. One species is kayu kuku (Pericopsis mooniana Thwaites), native to Southeast Sulawesi. This species is considered a fancy wood used for sawn timber, veneer, plywood, carving, and furniture. The high demand for wood caused excessive logging and threatened its sustainability. In addition, planting P. mooniana has presented several challenges, including seedling production, viability and germination rate, nursery technology, and silviculture techniques. As a result, the genera of Pericopsis, including P. elata (Europe), P. mooniana (Sri Lanka), and P. angolenses (Africa), have been listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix. Based on The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, P. mooniana is categorized as Vulnerable (A1cd). This conservation status has raised issues regarding its biodiversity, conservation, and sustainability in the near future. This paper aims to review the conservation of potential and endangered species of P. mooniana and highlight some efforts for its species conservation and sustainable use in Indonesia. The method used is a systematic literature review based on P. mooniana’s publication derived from various reputable journal sources and additional literature sources. The results revealed that the future demand for P. mooniana still increases significantly due to its excellent wood characteristics. This high demand should be balanced with both silviculture techniques and conservation efforts. The silviculture of P. mooniana has been improved through seed storage technology, improved viability and germination rates, proper micro and macro propagation, applying hormones, in vitro seed storage, improved nursery technology, and harvesting techniques. P. mooniana conservation can be conducted with both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts. In situ conservation is carried out by protecting its mother trees in natural conditions (i.e., Lamedae Nature Reserve) for producing good quality seeds and seedlings. Ex situ conservation is realized by planting seeds and seedlings to produce more wood through rehabilitating and restoring critical forests and lands due to its ability to adapt to marginal land and mitigate climate change. Other actions required for supporting ex situ conservation are preventing illegal logging, regeneration, conservation education, reforestation, agroforestry system applied in private and community lands, and industrial forest plantations.

Exploration and isolation of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in post-landslide sandy and clayey silt for eco-friendly remediation

Critical lands are formed after landslides due to the erosion and stripping of the surface soil in the depletion zone and the formation of accumulation zones, requiring remediation efforts. Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help rehabilitate degraded lands, including post-landslide sites, by adapting to native soil conditions. This study investigates mycorrhiza’s presence in post-landslide areas with sandy silt in Cililin and clayey silt in Citatah. Soil samples are collected at 30 cm depth using a corer near Dysoxylum macrocarpum in Citatah and Gmelina arborea in Cililin. Mycorrhiza isolation involves wet sieving and centrifugation. Local mycorrhiza genera identified are Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora. Sandy silt soil 2 exhibits the highest spore density of 178 per 100 grams, while clayey silt soil 1 has the lowest density of 148 per 100 grams. Glomus dominates in sandy silt with a 93 per 100 grams concentration and a 38–45 µm size. Scutellospora is scarce in clayey silt, with only 1 per 100 grams, 90-170 µm size. Isolated mycorrhiza can serve as compatible and adaptive inoculum. The discovery of mycorrhiza tolerant to post-landslide conditions is expected to play an important role in the remediation process of critical lands caused by landslides.

Natural climate solutions in Indonesia: wetlands are the key to achieve Indonesia’s national climate commitment

Indonesia offers a dramatic opportunity to contribute to tackling climate change by deploying natural climate solutions (NCS), increasing carbon sequestration and storage through the protection, improved management, and restoration of drylands, peatlands, and mangrove ecosystems. Here, we estimate Indonesia’s NCS mitigation opportunity for the first time using national datasets. We calculated the maximum NCS mitigation potential extent using datasets of annual national land cover, peat soil, and critical lands. We collated a national emissions factor database for each pathway, calculated from a meta-analysis, recent publications from our team, and available literature. The maximum NCS mitigation potential in 2030 is 1.3 ± 0.04 GtCO2e yr−1, based on the historical baseline period from 2009–2019. This maximum NCS potential is double Indonesia’s nationally determined contribution (NDC) target from the forestry and other land use sector. Of this potential opportunity, 77% comes from wetland ecosystems. Peatlands have the largest NCS mitigation potential (960 ± 15.4 MtCO2e yr−1 or 71.5 MgCO2e ha−1 yr−1) among all other ecosystems. Mangroves provide a smaller total potential (41.1 ± 1.4 MtCO2e yr−1) but have a much higher mitigation density (12.2 MgCO2e ha−1 yr−1) compared to dryland ecosystems (2.9 MgCO2e ha−1 yr−1). Therefore, protecting, managing, and restoring Indonesia’s wetlands is key to achieving the country’s emissions reduction target by 2030. The results of this study can be used to inform conservation programs and national climate policy to prioritize wetlands and other land sector initiatives to fulfill Indonesia’s NDC by 2030, while simultaneously providing additional co-benefits and contributing to COVID-19 recovery and economic sustainability.

SOSIALISASI MANFAAT EKOSISTEM MANGROVE SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN ILLEGAL LOGGING DI DESA LATAWE KABUPATEN MUNA BARAT

Utilization of the mangrove ecosystem in West Muna Regency is widely used as firewood, building materials, and other infrastructure development. This utilization has an impact on reducing the area and density of the mangrove ecosystem, thereby reducing the functions and benefits of the mangrove ecosystem. Community participation is very necessary in the sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems. This can happen if the government and the community understand well about the functions and benefits of the mangrove ecosystem for people's lives. This community service activity is a form of independent service as an effort to apply knowledge to advance people's lives through sustainable mangrove ecosystem management. The socialization was carried out using a discussion method with the village government and key figures who played a role in policy making in Latawe Village, West Muna Regency. This service activity provides a deep understanding to the community regarding the introduction of mangrove species, the benefits and importance of conserving the mangrove ecosystem. This is indicated by the follow-up from the village government and community leaders to rehabilitate mangroves on critical lands by involving the full participation of the community. The acquisition of seeds for rehabilitation is carried out independently by the community with funding assistance from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries through the Directorate General of Marine Spatial Management and Small Islands. Service activities will continue by continuing to provide direct and indirect assistance in rehabilitation activities starting from determining the location, selecting seeds, sowing seeds, and rehabilitation techniques

Impact of landscape design on the greenhouse gas emissions of shrub willow bioenergy buffers in a US Midwest corn‐production landscape

AbstractPrevious studies have evaluated the economics and ecosystem services of perennial bioenergy crops when replacing grain crops on marginal (environmentally critical and/or underproductive) lands. This study used life‐cycle analysis (LCA) to investigate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of perennial crops when grown in targeted landscape positions and their impact in reducing nitrogen leaching. Specifically, LCA was performed to evaluate the GHG emissions of growing shrub willow on marginal lands in the Indian Creek watershed in Illinois to assess the sustainability of strategically planted willow buffer strips. Willow was grown as a short‐rotation woody crop with a 21‐year rotation under three scenarios including a business‐as‐usual (BAU) field‐scale production with nitrogen fertilizer application and two unfertilized subfield buffer scenarios – landscape single subfield (LSSF) or landscape multiple subfields (LMSF) – grown alongside cornfields to reduce nitrate leaching. Each scenario also considers three field sizes, 2.0, 10.1, and 40.5 ha. The average annual GHG emissions from willow production and depot transportation were 0.32–0.77 Mg‐CO2e ha−1 with the lowest emissions for the LSSF scenario and highest for the BAU. The GHG emissions for the LSSF and BAU scenarios are independent of field size, whereas LMSF emissions increase with increasing field size, 0.41 Mg‐CO2e ha−1 at 2.0 ha and 0.76 Mg‐CO2e ha−1 at 40.5 ha. Emission results were most sensitive to the willow yield, followed by fertilizer application rate (BAU only), harvest fuel consumption, and transportation distance. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

The diversity of Pteridophytes in pepe watershed Surakarta polluted by household waste

Pepe River is one of the Bengawan Solo with a reasonably high level of water pollution due to the habit of the surroundings in throwing garbage into the river. Plants that can survive in polluted land conditions have a high tolerance level, called pioneer plants. One of them is ferns (Pteridophyta). This study aims to identify the type, abundance, Important Value Index (IVI), and index Diversity of pteridophytes plant diversity in the Pepe Watershed. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative using the quadrat sampling technique method with a 1x1 meter plot. The sampling technique is using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively. Analysis of diversity index data (H’) by Shannon-Wiener. Based on the results of the study found eight species of ferns from 5 families. There are Pteris vittata, Pteris biaurita L., Adiantum lunulatum Burm.fil., Adiantum latifolium Lam., Adiantum hispidulum Sw, Marsilea crenata C. Presl, Microlepia speluncae (L.) T. Moore, and Asplenium scandicinum Kaulf. This diversity is included in the medium category with H'= 1.44. The fern with the highest abundance was Pteris vittata with 176 individuals, a density of 5.87 individuals/m2, a frequency of 0.53, and an IVI of 109.3%. Set side by set, the lowest abundance was Microlepia speluncae with eight individuals, a density of 0.27 individuals/m2, a frequency of 0.03, and IVI of 5.6%. Based on this, ferns can survive in polluted river areas. Information on the diversity of ferns found on critical land, especially rivers, is expected to provide initial information in overcoming other similar critical lands.

Implementing the Great American Outdoors Act in the Era of Sustainable Recreation: Time for a Mission 2030?

The Great American Outdoors Act (AGOA) fully and permanently funds the Land and Water Conservation Fund for the first time since it was created in 1964. This is a boon for purchasing conservation lands, but equally important, the act provides funding to address massive federal agency recreation infrastructure backlogs. The last major overhaul of the U.S. parks and outdoor recreation system was over 50 years ago, during the era of Mission 66 and related programs. Since that time, a host of environmental and societal changes necessitates new approaches for updating conservation and recreation opportunities. In addition to acquiring critical park and conservation lands, and developing and updating facilities, new park and recreation goals include increasing public use and visitor diversity and advancing environmental justice, public health, and large-scale conservation goals. Integrated systems analyses are needed to address these diverse concerns across landscapes, regions, and jurisdictions, and new interagency and interdisciplinary approaches will be needed. This is a bureaucratic crossroads: for the first time in decades we can truly advance public access, human health, and social equity values of public lands; the GAOA is a critical process step toward, but not the culmination of, this goal.

Identification of Land Criticality with the Application of Deep Learning in West Lahat District Using Sentinel-2A Imagery

Land is an important factor in human life. In addition of land use that continue to increase every year. Land use is an element of meeting needs. This situation often makes the condition of the land around it questionable the content and level of land productivity. Land whose productivity level is lost can cause critical land to occur. Coupled with the occurrence of uncontrolled development, land productivity has decreased. By using the application of remote sensing, it is able to monitor land conditions, one of which is by using Sentinel-2A data. Sentinel-2A image data was selected to identify the condition or distribution of critical land and critical land parameters that has the most influence on criticality level of the land with Sentinel-2A imagery with a spatial resolution of 10 meters for Red, Green, Blue, and Near-Infrared canals to perform NDVI classification processing. closely related to vegetation. Based on the Regulation of the Director General of Watershed Management and Social Forestry Number: P.4/V-SET/2013 concerning the Technical Guidelines for the Preparation of Spatial Data for Critical Lands, there are 5 parameters for determining the criticality of the processed land as indicators, including the level of erosion distribution, productivity land, land management, slope, and vegetation density. Based on the results of the study, the researchers found that the distribution of critical land in Lahat Regency was 19 hectares or 0.56%, the critical class was 36,090 hectares or 10.1%, the critical potential class was 142,140 hectares or 42.1%, the class which was slightly critical is 156,860 hectares or 46.5%, and non critical class is 3 hectares or 0.074%. for very critical class. These results can be seen with the parameter that most affects the criticality of the land is vegetation density.

PKM KONSEP PENANAMAN POHON UNTUK EKOWISATA DI DESA CIMARGA KECAMATAN CIMARGA KABUPATEN LEBAK

Cimarga Village is one of the Lokasi Villages in CimargaSubdistrict. The problems faced by Cimarga Village are among others, the reduction of water catchment areas due to the transfer of land functions into settlements. This happens because the tourism sector is starting to develop and encourage high physical development such as homestays, housing, and supporting infrastructure. Agricultural activities also tend to change the hue of nature. Many trees that trerletak in the field must be cut down so as not to block the sunlight. As a result rainwater also cannot be absorbed into the ground but flows to the surface. In addition, cimarga village is also vulnerable to landslides. This is because the location of the village is in the highlands and the number of critical land scattered. In addition, these critical lands are not covered with plant vegetation so that they are prone to landslides in the rainy season. Even many critical land is located very close to the settlement of the population and is actually used as agricultural land. This condition is certainly dangerous for the safety of local people. Moreover, cimarga village becomes one of the tourist villages, so the aspect of disaster mitigation should always take precedence. There are many vacant lots that have not yet been utilized. In fact, if used, in addition to increasing the coverage of green areas is also beneficial for the welfare of the community through the results of the tree. Therefore, the greening movement in cimarga village needs to be one of the urgent programs to be carried out immediately. So that later it will indirectly support the existing role so far as a vocational village and tourist village. The plants planted are a type of annual perennial, considering that fruit commodities are not so good when planted in the highlands besides that perennials have a strong rooting system and the ability to deliver oxygen. Some commodities that can be grown include fir, red shoots, Dutch teak and acacia. The selection of perennials because it is expected to produce wood in the next few years and supply oxygen so that it can strengthen kopeng village as an ecotourism area

Desain Penataan Lahan Pasca Tambang Rakyat Di Desa Tanjung Riu Kabupaten Gunung Mas Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

Mining is a series of activities of exploring, mining (excavation), processing, utilization and marketing of minerals (minerals, coal, geothermal, oil and gas). Gunung Mas Regency, especially Tanjung Riu Village, Kurun Subdistrict, is one of the places in Central Kalimantan Province which has mineral resources including primary and secondary gold, zircon, iron ore and coal. People’s mining activities, especially gold mining in Tanjung Riu Village, are increasingly being carried out by the people and are further away from road access. This causes the people's mining area become increasingly depleted, so that in mining closure, it leaves the formation of critical land that is not organized and is not in accordance with the function of the surrounding environment and cannot be utilized. Most of the critical lands are in the form of void pits have the potential to cause various contimination, such as decreasing the quality of water stored in the voids due to metal contamination and decreasing the pH value of the water so that the water becomes acidic. The description above becomes the basis for research on the design mining closure of people‘s mining area in Tanjung Riu Village, Kurun District, Gunung Mas Regency. This design will be able to make the land useful again both for the People around the research location and for the general public whose use of the ex people’s mining area.

Mapping of energy demand and potential of biofuel development in Kelara watershed

The increase in population on earth is increasing, stimulating the need for energy to grow. The Indonesian Government is looking for alternative renewable energies such as Biofuels. Various types of biofuel plants have been developed, such as Nyamplung and Kemiri Sunan. These biofuel crops can also be used for land rehabilitation and reduced carbon emissions in the Kelara watershed, which have been in critical condition. On this basis, a study on the mapping of energy needs and potential for the Development of biofuel plants in the Kelara watershed. This study makes extensive use of the analysis of geographic information systems. The analysis begins with the zoning of the watershed morphology (upstream, middle, and downstream). Watershed morphology zoning in a watershed for energy demand data collection using the energy list recording method. This method represents energy use data, including the type and volume of energy use, the affordability of energy sources, the availability of energy stocks, and people’s purchasing power for energy. Also, spatial analysis of land suitability for Nyamplung and Kemiri Sunan plants as a function of biophysical conditions and critical lands for biofuel energy development. Biophysical conditions include elevation, slope, annual precipitation, dry months, soil pH, and soil texture. Most Kelara watershed people work as farmers, with the most significant number of dependents of 3-5 persons/heads of households around 73.68%. The average energy needs of the community are around 396,437 kcal/day for LPG and firewood. The potential for biofuel development for the Nyamplung type is 10,130 hectares, with an area of 5,477 hectares in critical lands. The potential for the Development of Kemiri Sunan biofuels 17,370 ha with an area of 3,479 ha. The future Development of biofuel energy is a concept of sustainable Development. Economically, biofuel crops serve as sources of income for the community and ecologically improve soil conditions, carbon storage sources, and function hydrology.