Critical Discourse Analysis Approach Research Articles

Image of Ideal Housewife in Yoga Arizona's HappyFresh #BikinMertuaHappy Advertisement

Advertisement has the potential to exploit female figures elaborated with particular signs or language that allude to gender bias in society to achieve commercial goals. One of the representations of women in advertisements shows the social position of women as subordinated figures in the domestic areas. This strategy is also applied in Yoga Arizona’s Happyfresh #BikinMertuaHappy advertisement posted on his Instagram account on July 25, 2020. This study examined the image of the ideal housewife as depicted in that advertisement. The research data include the visual and textual elements sourced from the video and caption in the advertisement. The depiction of the ideal housewife was analyzed using the Critical Discourse Analysis approach by Sara Mills (2003), examining the subject-object and writer-audience positions. This study has identified that the housewife plays double roles as the subject and the object in the advertisement, and the writer positions the audience as those who share common characteristics with the main character. This study has revealed that the ideal housewife depicted is the one that is capable, attentive, and reliable in taking care of the family to meet the mother-in-law’s standards. The positioning of women in the advertisement supports the gender imbalance in a domestic context.

Women’s Empowerment and Confidence in Pop Music: A Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis of Little Mix’s Lyric Song “Change Your Life”

Empowering women in home, the workplace, the market and the community require building self-confidence which is a challenging matter. It is not easy to inspire people to have a better sense of self-worth and endeavor better personal, social and economical life. Pop music nowadays, can inspire people and basically women to change and have better life. This paper intends to investigate women’s empowerment and confidence in Little Mix’s pop lyric song “change your life” through the feminist critical discourse analysis approach. This paper aims to identify the linguistic concepts of women’s empowerment and their ideological perspectives. The problem under investigation implies that women’s issues are still of interest to study in different disciplines but instead of focusing only on how women are portrayed and represented in different genres such as reports, essays, movies, network and music; the direction has changed to identify the linguistic concepts that empower women. Therefore, different transitivity processes are intended to address women’s mentality and emotional appeal which reflect in turn different social ideologies. The data involve the analysis of Little Mix’s band lyric song “change your life”. The paper is conducted through the qualitative research approach based on an eclectic model including Lazar’s (2005) “Feminist Critical Discourse Perspective”, Fairclough’s (2003) Three-Dimensional Model and Halliday and Hasan’s (1985) Systematic Functional Linguistics model. The study concludes that Pop music depends on using three types of transitivity processes including material, mental and relational in order to improve women’s mentality, confidence and desire to create change in their life.

National Speeches on Notable Political Figures

This study highlighted the value and appropriateness of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in the examination of national speeches of political leaders for policy pronouncements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interplay among power, ideology, and language and the mechanisms deployed in the national discourses of some notable political leaders to capture reality, manipulate, persuade and shape the audience (citizenry) to action. This study underscored the capability of Critical discourse analysis (CDA) to investigate the manner by which social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political contexts. The study revealed attempts at ideology legitimization and power dominance through the use of cognitive discourses. We are taken through the empowerment ability of discourse in diverse socio-political contexts and how power relies on discourse for multidisciplinary actions that convince the citizenry to acknowledge, sustain and advocate their leaders’ ideologies. The study adopted a conceptual framework and relied on secondary and tertiary sources. The study also made recommendations to scholars on how to adopt discourse-related methodologies to enhance knowledge creation in political addresses. Lastly, the study acknowledged the limitations of the CDA approach.

CONTESTATION OF MODERATE ISLAMIC DISCOURSE IN NU.OR.ID AND MUHAMMADIYAH.OR.ID WEBSITES

This study intends to investigate how moderate Islam is contested on the websites muhammadiyah.or.id and nu.or.id. This study uses Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis approach as a sort of content analysis research. The findings of this study demonstrate that, in the first place, the discourse of moderate Islam in NU media is presented under the slogan “Globalizing Moderate Islam,” while in Muhammadiyah media, the discourse of moderate Islam is presented in relation to ”he accomplishments in seven different areas, including economy, education, morality, social issues, da'wah, nationality, and gender. Second, the discourse process used to portray moderate Islam is examined in terms of textual, social, and sociocultural praxis dimensions. This analysis reveals the various ways that moderate Islam is interpreted as well as the motivations behind such interpretations.

The Construction of Racism in Cartoon Films: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Animation is an industry that is expanding more quickly than ever. Every child’s favorite activity is watching cartoons. Therefore, it is essential to be cautious of the kinds of cartoon films children and teenagers tend. Because children and teenagers are the target audience for these films. This study aims at exposing a hidden enactment, namely racism, in a well-known cartoon film, Lion King, which has been selected accurately by the researchers because it shapes a set of ideas about black people and constructs prejudiced beliefs in their minds. This study is to answer the inquiry ‘Is the ideology of racism imposed in Lion King? And how?’ The significance of the present paper lies in highlighting the educational function of cartoon films so parents and caregivers become more aware. In addition, this study is crucial for researchers in the critical discourse analysis approach in the sense of how van Dijk’s (2000) model can be applied to children’s literature. The ideology of racism is investigated in the language of the film’s characters. The researchers have concluded that the ideology of racism is promoted in Lion King using various linguistic tools and strategies.

The relationship between design criticism and society in modern China: A case study of the Nanyang Industrial Exposition

Based on the context of the political, economic, cultural, and technological environment of modern Chinese society, this study adopts the approach of critical discourse analysis to elucidate the social meanings produced by the design criticism texts in the Nanyang Industrial Exposition and the dialectical relationship between the texts and the social structure. Based on an analysis of 66 articles on design criticism and 70 articles on social context published between 1908 and 1930, three main points are proposed in this study. First, critics should discuss design in a broader social context to relate the design to production, consumption, and people’s everyday lives. Second, any public area that encourages ‘conversation’ can serve as a platform for design criticism. Third, critical writing should not be limited by genre, as it should be presented to readers in any form that provokes thought.

Capitalising shadow education: A critical discourse analysis of private tuition websites in Singapore

Shadow education, or supplementary private tutoring, has expanded to become a multi-billion-dollar industry worldwide, capitalising on the desires of parents and their children to succeed and excel in education. In doing so, shadow education draws upon and reproduces cultural capital represented by knowledge, skills and educational credentials and symbolic capital constituted in the prestige, privilege and legitimacy of educational achievement. The study on which this article is based adopts a critical discourse analytic approach to examine the websites of five leading private tuition centres in Singapore as seen through the lens of Bourdieu’s concept of capital. The aim is to identify specific forms of cultural capital, examine how they are harnessed for promotional purposes, and show how this reflects and reproduces the forms and representations of educational achievement and success valued in Singapore. Findings offer a deeper understanding of the marketing discourse of shadow education that pivots on the quality of private tutors, success beyond examinations and school, and concrete representations of social distinction and achievement. More significantly, the study contributes to research situated at the nexus of shadow education and Bourdieu’s concept of capital to shed light on how shadow education reflects and magnifies broader socio-cultural orientations and socio-economic structures.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF TEUN A. VAN DIJK'S APPROACH TO THE NEWS ARTICLE "SPREAD OF PMK, MUI CENTRAL JAVA REVEALS LEGITIMATE CONDITIONS FOR SACRIFICIAL ANIMALS"

Towards the celebration of Eid al-Adha in 2022, there was a lot of discussion in the media, both print and online, about the outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in livestock. The purpose of this research is (1) to describe the text structure of the news according to the critical discourse analysis approach by Teun A. Van Dijk, and (2) to describe the characteristics of critical discourse analysis in the news text. This study employed a qualitative descriptive research method using Teun Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis model. The data source for this research was a news article titled "Critical Discourse Analysis using Teun A. Van Dijk's Approach on the News 'FMD Outbreak, Central Java MUI Reveals Conditions for Valid Sacrificial Animals'" published on jatengprov.go.id (Central Java Provincial Government Public Relations and Protocol Office) in June 2022. The data collection technique involved reading and note-taking. The data analysis used in this research was qualitative data analysis using an interactive model. The analysis process consisted of three steps: (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) verification or conclusion. These three steps of data analysis were interconnected and had a sequential relationship. The results of the research showed that (1) the text structure of the news aligned with Van Dijk's theoretical structure, which includes macro structure, supra-text structure, and micro-text structure, and (2) based on the characteristics of critical discourse analysis, such as action, context, history, power, and ideology, several opinions in the newspaper text writing could be influenced. Keywords: Discourse analysis, Foot and Mouth Disease, Teun A. Van Dijk.

Cisgender Identity Amid Figured Worlds: Toward a Close Encounter of Being a (Masque) Uline in MPSPC’s Male Dominated Course

Education takes on direction and meaning as we try to figure out who we are. So, where do we begin on our new paths to achieving our goals of educating ourselves while maintaining our identities in a school setting? Individual interviews and observations were done throughout the paper to learn how students [personally] identified as “cisgender” male students perceive the Bontoc campus atmosphere at the ROTC UNIT-MPSPC and how that climate in the Criminology Department shapes their experiences. By employing a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach that considers the ways in which sexuality, gender, class, and other identity markers intersect, this study adapted Queer Theory, Gee's (2005) analytic guidelines, and Holland, et al. Figured World Identity (FWI) category that draws particularly from exploring three Bachelor of Science in Criminology male students' constructions of being cisgender that shaped their criminology careers. Rather than viewing identity through a singular lens, the term identity displays how manifold characteristics of one’s identity comes together to form one’s complete (gender) identity, conveying concurrently the mechanisms and the whole.

Sex Workers’ Online Humor as Evidence of Resilience

Sex workers’ humor has received comparatively little attention in the literature to date, and work that does consider this phenomenon focuses on humor in face-to-face contexts. Increasingly, elements of sex workers’ labor and community building take place online. This article examines the emergence of sex work humor in online spaces, considering how this humor provides evidence of resilience within this community. The article uses a critical discourse analysis approach blended with a cultural studies lens to examine 171 discrete texts drawn from sex work communities in Australia and New Zealand. These include social media postings from peer-led organizations and correspondence between sex workers and their clients, which was profiled in news media during the COVID-19 lockdowns. The humor evident within these texts falls into three major categories: humor about clients; humor as a mechanism of discussing stigma and discrimination; and humor as an agent of activism and social change. The findings indicate that humor can be evidence of resilience among sex-working communities, that it is politically productive and effective from a communications perspective, and present the possibility that it may also contribute to resilience. The presence of humor in online sex work spaces of sociality further highlights the importance of these spaces for community building, and draws attention to additional harms created by deplatforming.

Strategic lexicalization in courtroom discourse: A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis

This paper adopts a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis approach to explore the pragmatics of lexical categories in courtroom discourse. More specifically, this paper probes the extent to which courtroom interlocutors employ particular lexemes to achieve specific pragmatic purposes, which, in turn, contributes to understanding the way language operates effectively within legal settings. The data used is taken from the testimony of former American President William Clinton during his impeachment trial for the ‘Monica Lewinsky Affair’. The analytical focus is on 17 lexemes representing four lexical categories, namely nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, by highlighting their frequency distribution in the testimony and revealing their significance as conduits for particular pragmatic meanings. Two main findings are revealed in this paper: first, within particular contexts, lexical categories are not only content knowledge units but also pragmatic meaning carriers whose functions go beyond their most commonly-used semantic sense. These pragmatic functions include information confirmation, verification, elicitation, dissociation, uncertainty, and clarification. Second, applying a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis approach to the study of courtroom discourse contributes to contextualizing the linguistic analysis of the use of language in courtrooms and offers a more functionally based discussion of the pragmatic use of language in legal settings.

Religion and Politics in the context of COVID-19 Narratives: A Critical Discourse Analysis Approach

The end of the year 2019 brought to the world a new and problematic coronavirus which has claimed many lives in various parts of the world. The human race is still perplexed by the viciousness of the novel disease since the worldwide death toll continued to rise. This resulted in the World Health Organisation (WHO) declaring the COVID-19 pandemic as a public health threat globally and it announced a raft of mitigatory measures to be undertaken by countries across the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated numerous but conflicting conspiracy theories and religious responses which explain the genesis of the disease. It was against this background that the study was motivated to interrogate and problematize the political and religious conceptualization of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is informed by insights from critical discourse analysis to examine the dialogics and semiotics of power embedded in conspiracy theories and debunking religious responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main contention in this work is that interrogation of political and religious responses is imperative for a more informed conceptualisation of the coronavirus disease. It has been established that the COVID-19 pandemic discourse, just like other discourses, is never neutral since it is a locus laden with attitudes, values, hegemonic practices and power struggles. Interestingly, there is an audible semantic dissonance from both the political and religious understanding of COVID-19 pandemic. The genesis of coronavirus remains in obscurity and it thus demands further academic enquiry.

Oppositional Mirror on the Wall: Discursive Practices of Humorous Pashkevilim in Israel’s Ultra-Orthodox Community

Pashkevilim, printed wall notices posted around Jewish ultra-Orthodox neighborhoods, serve as one of the religious community’s popular communication channels. The Pashkevilim mostly deal with controversial intra-community issues and feature a unique style, extremist rhetoric, and vocabulary derived from the religious literature. Humorous imitations of the genre arose over the years, which circulated in the community and outside of it, posing a challenge to the rabbinic hegemony. Although humorous Pashkevilim have likely been present for as long as Pashkevilim themselves, there is currently a lack of research investigating them. By adopting a critical discourse analysis approach, the current study aims to address this gap by identifying the predominant types of humorous Pashkevilim and analyzing the discursive practices they employ. The findings indicate three main discursive practices that characterize humorous Pashkevilim: parody, satire, and irony. While parody exaggerates the formal characteristics of the genre and mocks them, satire and irony criticize the content and topics discussed in traditional Pashkevilim, especially on the subject of Jewish law and religious stringency. These practices express an oppositional reading of the genre, which challenges its function as well as its socio-cultural, political, and religious significance.

Implementasi Ajaran Paravidya dan Aparavidya Dalam Memerangi Hoax Sebagai Upaya Membangun Sumber Daya Manusia Hindu Unggul

Social media basically has a big influence on the dimensions of human life, because humans in their various activities cannot be separated from the existence of social media. Social media will have a good impact, if people understand and use it wisely, but it will have a bad impact if they don't use it wisely. This research principally aims to understand how Hindu teachings are to be wise and critical in managing information on social media, bearing in mind that there are two types of knowledge in Hinduism namely Paravidya and Aparavidya. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a critical discourse analysis approach. The results of this study indicate that Paravidya and Aparavidya knowledge is the main basis that must be understood by Hindus in relation to managing information on social media. By having these two knowledges, humans can have a balance between worldly and spiritual life. In addition, the teachings of Paravidya and Aparavidya are used as a basis for analyzing further information in the process of pratyaksa pramana (namely by direct observation using the five senses), anumana pramana understands the phenomena that occur by examining them through the causal process, then upamana pramana namely through doing the process of comparison or comparison, and pramana's words, namely through instructions from people who have authority about this information. By understanding this, Hindus will be wise in controlling the information they obtain on social media.

‘We have the best gays, folks’

In the wake of the 2016 election of Donald Trump, users on the pro-Trump online forum thedonald.win engaged in violently homophobic and Islamophobic discourses. This study uses a critical discourse analytic approach to investigate how users on this forum contradictorily invoke homosexuality to construct Muslims as sexually deviant while also situating them as homophobic and therefore incompatible with the users’ brand of American nationalism. This is an example of homonationalism, using the United States’ supposed tolerance of homosexuality to uphold American exceptionalism and paint Muslims as anti-gay and thus anti-American. While this form of homonationalism was originally formulated in the immediate aftermath of 9/11, the presidency of Donald Trump has altered the way the homonationalist project is discursively constructed on an interactional level.

European identity and European political parties

ABSTRACT The legitimisation of European institutions tends to be a primary issue of debate in European identity politics. Following the expansion of the EU competencies and the growth of Eurosceptic forces, the attention gained by the democratic accountability of the European institutions should encourage reflections on the role assigned to the European political parties. Although it is impossible to equate the functioning of European democracy with national experiences, party politics remains an essential component of any democratic regime. This study is the first attempt to observe the engagement of European political organisations in promoting a collective European identity. To schematise the analysis, three ideal types are presented to illustrate different models of European identitarian attachment. The critical discourse analysis (CDA) and discourse-historical approach (DHA) from the manifestos of the European Christian-conservative, Socialist and Liberal parties have identified the activism of the parties in promoting divergent European identities, highlighting the intermediate role that European political parties could play in linking the European institutions with citizens.

Homescapes of im~mobility: Migratory transpatial repertoires during the pandemic

AbstractThe present article reflects on the concept of ‘spatial repertoire’ through a ‘trans’-perspective in order to explain the trans-formation of migrants’ homescapes during the pandemic—a time of restricted mobility. In the context of translocal im~mobility, this ethnographically informed multiple case study explores how three Greek ‘brain drain’ immigrants performed homescapes in the online-offline nexus from October to February 2020. Employing a critical discourse analytic approach, the findings showcase the pandemic biopolitics that have resulted in the de/reterritorialisation of everyday sociospatial activities, thus creating heterotopic places within the home. Specifically, the integration of work and political activity into the homescape has led to the resemiotisation of the linguistic landscape of homes and the dissolution of boundaries between ‘named’ spaces in homes. The concept of ‘transpatial repertoire’ captures the hybridisation of the pandemic-affected homescape, taking into consideration the vulnerabilities and emergent resistances to biopolitical control. In other words, it sheds light on the emergent heterotopias of im~mobility. (Pandemic, heterotopia, transpatial repertoire, linguistic landscape, homescape)*

Conceptualising nationalism, revolution and opposition in political discourse by use of metaphors: the case of Raila Odinga in Kenya

This paper utilises a critical discourse analysis approach to analyse the different metaphors manifest in Raila Odinga's utterances during political rallies at varied periods in Kenya's history that portray nationalism, revolution and opposition. Raila Odinga is one of Kenya's leading political players and Africa's contemporary revolutionist. He has played a major role in shaping, informing, influencing and maintaining a public attitude towards political leadership and governance in Kenya and Africa. Political discourse needs to be very persuasive in order to win votes and move people, hence we discuss how Raila uses metaphors to persuade and move crowds in an effort to further the themes of revolution, nationalism and patriotism. It is therefore important to study Raila's language use to establish how he epitomises nationalism, revolution and opposition in the country and region. Studying the political discourse of those in power is important because language is a powerful tool that shapes and informs society's behaviour and attitudes. Moreover, language is capable of making war or peace. Language also has power to make presidents. Political discourse thus has implications for the socio-economic development of society. It shifts quite often to guarantee some policy or policy-makers’ survival. The findings of this study indicate that the metaphors served to arouse people’s emotions in regard to the revolutionary and opposition activities while keeping the horrors and negatives of the clamour for political change concealed.

Analysing Power Relations among Older Norwegian Patients and Spanish Migrant Nurses in Home Nursing Care: A Critical Discourse Analysis Approach from a Transcultural Perspective.

Power relations in care are the link between patients and nurses regarding communication and the ability to act in this context. It can be affected when there is cultural interference between members, putting mutual understanding at risk in healthcare situations. This study analyses power relations in healthcare situations between older Norwegian patients and Spanish migrant nurses regarding active listening, shared decision-making, and patient participation. We performed a hermeneutical study endorsed in critical discourse studies framework from a transcultural perspective. A purposive sampling included older Norwegian patients living alone and Spanish migrant nurses working in Norway. Eleven face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with older patients and four via videoconference with migrant nurses. The analysis followed hermeneutic considerations by Crist and Tanner, and linguistic analysis was performed. Shared decision-making and active listening situations sometimes showed a power imbalance that negatively influenced older Norwegian patients. However, Spanish migrant nurses were also conditioned by care organising institutions. This power triangle negatively affected the relationship between the older patients and migrant nurses, resulting in a lack of communication, personnel, time and trust. The migratory experience influenced the care provided by Spanish migrant nurses, shaping a series of cultural competencies acquired through the migratory process.

Misrepresenting autism in university promotional videos advocating robot therapy: a multimodal critical discourse analysis

ABSTRACT This paper presents a critical account of the way in which university marketing, public communication of science, and crisis narratives about autism are made to intersect in three promotional videos. The videos highlight research conducted at one UK and two US universities and showcase using social robots to diagnose and treat autistic children. The paper begins by contextualizing how a problematic model of autism informs calls for intervention as well as representations of autism in the videos themselves. Taking a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis Approach, the paper then describes three interrelated processes at work in the university videos: commodification, technologization and codification. Together, these concepts encapsulate the way in which the videos work as both institutional self-promotion and promotion of a particular perspective on communication. Informed by Ledin and Machin’s affordance-based approach in which choices in semiotic materials are first described and then analyzed as multimodal articulations, the video analysis attends to the use of narrative stages, scenes and settings, characters, rhythm and sound, and language and evaluations. What the analysis demonstrates is how the videos are both exercises in university commodification and responses to crisis autism and that this is done so as to makes them seem complimentary projects.