Crisis In Industry Research Articles

De la promesse entrepreneuriale à la réindustrialisation : les cas de Florange et Gandrange dans la vallée sidérurgique lorraine

Entrepreneurs embody a promise for the future in territories in industrial crisis. We identify two types of entrepreneurs: continuity entrepreneurs, who promise industrial revival and disruptive entrepreneurs, who promise a green growth. Can these figures now repair what creative destruction and globalization have destroyed? We propose an analysis of the discourses around these entrepreneurial promises in the case of the Lorraine steel industry in Gandrange and Florange. We emphasize the highly ideological and indeterminate nature of the debate on industrialization and its promises for society, between deindustrialization, reindustrialization and the great environmental transition. This debate focuses on one man’s action, a providential figure and the promise remains a matter of personal belief.

British-American cooperation in the North Atlantic

This study is devoted to the study of cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States in the North Atlantic region. This work is relevant due to the escalation of existing contradictions in Europe and the countries adjacent to the basin of the Atlantic Ocean North, as well as the current conflict in Ukraine. The article talks about the increasing importance of control over the above-mentioned water area for London and Washington in the light of global trends and the difficulties associated with this. The problems affecting the control of the waters of the Atlantic Ocean North can be divided into internal and external. Domestic policy issues of the United States and the United Kingdom related to this issue include the economic and industrial crisis, issues of the decision-making system, the need to reform the political and military structure. External complications include the existing contradictions in several closed seas, incomplete local conflicts and the growing power of the powers called the challenge.

Перспективна сировинна база процесів виробництва синтетичного рідкого палива з українського вугілля

The article considers the issue of raw materials for the production of synthetic liquid fuels from coal, which is relevant for Ukraine, which has relatively small oil deposits, but fossil coal reserves reach 50 billion tones. It is shown that the coal raw material base for industrial production of synthetic motor fuel in Ukraine should be based on low-metamorphosed coal of B, D, DG and G grades, which prevails in existing geological deposits and is characterized by proper reactivity due to the high oxygen content in the organic mass and the presence of reactive oxygen-containing groups: hydroxyl –OH, carbonyl =C=O and carboxyl –SOC. Due to the systemic crisis in Ukrainian coal industry, there are currently no free resources of raw materials to support new production. This necessitates the restoration or creation of new coal production facilities in the main industrial regions of Ukraine. To create them in eastern Ukraine, it is advisable to base the raw material base of the process on long-burning coal from the Lozova district of western Donbas. To ensure the raw material base for production in the regions of the Centre, it is necessary to restore the coal mining enterprises of the Dnipro lignite basin, primarily the Kostiantynivskyi mine, on a new technical basis. The raw material base for industrial production of synthetic motor fuels from coal in the Western region can be secured by completing the development of the design industrial capacity of Novovolynsk mine No. 9 or by developing the coal of the Tyaglivske deposit. The final choice of the option should be made based on the results of additional feasibility studies. Keywords: low-metamorphosed coal, synthetic motor fuel, Lozova coal-bearing area of Western Donbas, Dnipro lignite basin, Tyahlivske deposit. Corresponding author V.V. Shulga, e-mail: ko@ukhin.org.ua

Гонка нанометров: американская политика в отношении Тайваня и Республики Корея

Intensive development of manufacturing capabilities of Taiwan and Republic of Korea (RoK) since 1960s leads to their emergence as key global semiconductor asset. Until 2020/2021 TSMC and Samsung supplied almost 100% of most technologically advanced chips. The U. S. considered this situation as critical dependence – both for political (conflict with China, securitization of digital technologies, etc.) and economic reasons (risks of supply distortions). Along with science and technology (S&T) efforts major accent was put on new relations with Taiwan and RoK as sources of investments and competences needed to regain U.S. capabilities. By forcing and stimulating TSMC and Samsung to localize its facilities in the USA, American elites tried to solve set of different tasks. Among them were supporting strategic technological autonomy from Asia, and limiting Chinese potential for development (by requiring non-cooperation with PRC in exchange for subsidies). However, due to economic, regulatory, and competence drawbacks efficiency of this new strategy is questionable. Crisis in the electronic industry since the fall of 2022 makes the situation even more problematic. In the mid-term the strategy may not change the balance of power in microchip manufacturing and architecture of relationship with both Asian economies. This requires further development of American economic diplomacy toward Taiwan, RoK – as well as Japan (a so-called “Chip 4” group). This coincides with changes in market dynamics of semiconductor industry. On one hand, geopolitics and value chain resilience became organic factors defining investments and operational expenses. On the other, we may envision sharp rise of competition among nations and companies. Thus, for the long-term success may be determined only by S&T and Innovations (also through industry restructuring) where USA are still strong, but their success isn’t guaranteed anymore.

АНТИКРИЗИСНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВОМ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ

This article examines the factors that determine the systemic stability of Russian industry in the context of the imposition of sanctions by foreign countries. The purpose of the article is to identify areas of anti-crisis management of industrial production in modern conditions of sanctions pressure. As a result of the study, the role of anti-crisis management of industrial production in Russia for its restoration was revealed. Overcoming the annual indicators of unprofitable enterprises in Russia since 2016 was not possible until 2023. In addition, the number of bankrupt enterprises in the period 2007–2022. does not decrease. These indicators indicate the significant influence of external factors associated with geopolitical influence on the activities of enterprises. The study identified risks associated with the activities of industrial enterprises: the risk of a global recession, a high probability of increased sanctions pressure, the risk of a reduction in export earnings and the persistence of pro-inflationary risks. The sanctions pressure did not provoke a serious crisis in the regional industry, but created conditions for reducing dependence on imports, localizing production within the region, optimizing the structure and vector of foreign trade activities of industrial enterprises. However, due to the increased sanctions pressure in 2022 in the field of industrial production, it is necessary to formulate additional measures for anti-crisis management. Anti-crisis management under sanctions depends not only on the activities of the enterprises themselves based on internal processes, but also on the activities of the state. To build new supply chains, establish alternative channels for selling products, and actively develop import substitution, large-scale infrastructure investments are required, which depends on significant government participation in the form of investments and the formation of legislation to support the development of domestic industrial production.

Charitable Activities of the Spanish Mining Holding HUNOSA for the Preservation of Industrial Heritage in the Context of Decarbonization

Charitable activities of mining companies undertaken out of commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) are aimed at creating a favourable environment in the regions of operational presence. Mining companies mainly support the areas which are directly related to their core business or influence the life of local communities. The caste-based nature of mining as a profession has evolved over the centuries, as it combines hard physical labour and adverse working conditions. The mining labour union was the main social and political pillar of Asturias throughout the 20th century, while working class history largely accounted for the history of the region. The industry crisis of 1966 led the miners to submit a request to the government for nationalisation of their companies, as they sustained irreparable economic losses. As a response to their request, National Institute of Industry (INI) integrated into the coal sector, and in 1967 the mining company HUNOSA (Hulleras del Norte S. A.) was founded. After the democractic transition the mining labour movement maintained its social, political and cultural hegemony; however, industrial decline and decarbonisation undermined these foundations, no matter how deep-rooted they were. By the end of the 20th century the Asturian coal industry was faced with another phase of crisis. While the first blow came in the 1970s with the end of protectionist energy policies, the second one had to do with the inability to adapt to the conditions of the world market. In the 1990s Asturias faced a rapid population loss as well as rising unemployment. At the same time, general Western European trend of phasing out coal-fired power in line with the Paris Agreement of 2015 brought about a grave crisis of the coal industry. HUNOSA, the only monopolist on the Spanish coal market, is responsible for implementing a fair “coal transition”. The mining tradition that was passed down through generations and seemed immutable has come to an end. One of the responses of former miners to the dissolution of the industry is to become actively involved in the protection and promotion of the mining heritage. It manifests both a nostalgic yearning for the past and a willingness to preserve and pass on the memory of it to future generations.

Technical-economic assessments on the feasibility of new infrastructures serving seaport and dry port of Venice

Despite the millenary tradition of the city, the current port of Venice was built only about a hundred of years ago and located in a suburb named Marghera. The lack of an updated regulatory plan and of suitable inland transport connections have made it difficult to increase commercial traffic after the crisis of the chemical industry, although a strong growth in the luxury cruise industry. Only the construction of new infrastructures (both land and sea side) and the recovery of many abandoned areas have given a new impetus to the port.However, the reduction in maritime traffic caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a drastic decline in commercial movements and cruises, with the risk of a total economic collapse. The recent approval of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, that identifies ports as strategic infrastructures, and the approval of the “Strategic Development Plan” aimed at establishing the “Simplified Logistics Zone of the Port of Venice and Rodigino” by the Veneto Region, have directed new investments towards the port of Venice. Furthermore, the growing awareness of the weakness of the lagoon ecosystem, the need to preserve Venice and the impossibility of enlarging the port areas have led to the need for new infrastructures that still allow the use of the current port.This article will mainly evaluate the technical-economic feasibility of new docking points outside the Venice lagoon that can be used by passenger ships of gross tonnage over 40,000 tons and by transoceanic container ships. Measures to improve the accessibility of the current seaport and dry port through new road and rail infrastructures will also be examined and evaluated. Indications are given regarding the necessary regeneration of the current sea- and dry-port and interventions aimed at ensuring greater environmental sustainability, such as cold ironing and electric mobility.

Approaches to modelling economic system of the northern region

The article presents the results of the review of the applied approaches to modelling regional branch systems. The article justifies the task of modelling the extractive industries as a basic branch of the economy of the northern regions of resource type. Technical prerequisites determine the need for the formation of new approaches to the methodology and algorithm for modelling complex systems. The author’s conceptual map of the production subsystem is presented: mining in the relationship with the blocks (graphs) of the regional system. The requirements to the functionality of dynamic models and the choice of their factors for determining the stability of the components of the regional industry system are highlighted. The developed models will take into account system transformations from structural and technological shifts: cyclicality of industry crises, depletion of reserves, digital maturity, and ESG effects.

SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE MEAT INDUSTRY IN POLAND

Every type of business is closely related to the flow processes of various types of goods. The flow process begins at the source of raw materials until it reaches the final customer. A corollary to the newly emerging challenges of both social and environmental management of increasingly complex supply chains is the issue of sustainable supply chain management. The meat industry, along with its entire supply chain, is subject to cyclical crises, with different foundations and negative effects on individual links. One of the reasons for the crises in the meat industry is the management of supply chains based primarily on economic objectives to the exclusion of social and environmental aspects. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of sustainable supply chain management in the meat industry. The research problem is to determine the involvement of meat industry companies in the various dimensions of sustainability: economic, social and environmental. Therefore, a special online survey questionnaire was created, where potential respondents representing 93 meat companies were identified and purposely selected. After receiving and verifying the completed questionnaires, 85 completely completed questionnaires were qualified for further analysis and a coding process was carried out using Excel software, then the data was imported into Statistica statistical software, where the main statistical analyses were carried out.

ТУРИСТИЧНА ГАЛУЗЬ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19 ТА ЗМІН КЛІМАТУ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article analyzes the factors effecting the tourism industry development in the world. It was noted that the steady growth of the tourism industry for the past 10 years to the Covid-19 pandemic is due to many factors, among which an important place is given to the growth in the number of consumers of tourism services with middle-class incomes, the weakening of the visa facilitation in many countries of the world, the transport infrastructure development, and social networks. The purpose of the article is to study the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic and climate change on the tourism, to find out the directions for adapting the tourism industry to these challenges. Closure of international borders since the beginning of the pandemic, falling international air traffic, stopping the work of hotels and entertainment establishments, restriction of catering establishments, rising unemployment, reducing incomes and savings of consumers, changes in consumption patterns, restricting the free movement of people, the risk of getting sick with coronavirus and high uncertainty led to a catastrophic drop in demand for tourism services. Climate change also has a very negative effect on tourism development. The most popular tourist destinations in the world are largely affected by climate change that we are observing in the form of an increase in fire areas, an increase the number of flood disasters, and increased erosion of coastal marine areas. On the other hand, the excessive demand for tourism services in the world has had a negative effect on climate change. All tourism travel accounts for around 5.6% of all CO2 emissions in the world, according to various estimates. They are produced by transport, accommodation, and all types of tourism activities. It should be considered that the attractiveness of tourist destinations is directly affected by the scale of the biodiversity reduction problem, the availability and price of clean fresh water, the level of air pollution, the amount of waste from hotels and catering establishments, and harmful emissions from transport. Therefore, the crisis in the tourism industry as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic has contributed to its change towards sustainable tourism development, the development of the tourism ecosystem, and green infrastructure.

Prospects for the application of marine energy under competition with other types of unconventional sources

The global energy crisis is due to the lack of traditional energy sources, which leads to an increase in their cost and limited availability in the required quantity for the full and efficient functioning of energy systems. Therefore, it is quite logical to search for new scientific and technical solutions for the development of alternative energy with renewable energy sources, which are environmentally “clean” and their use does not lead to a violation of the natural climate balance. Modern alternative energy is mainly based on the conversion of solar and wind energy, and the technologies for their construction provide for ground location, which leads to the occupation of vast areas for power plants. Along with this, such power plants have a number of climatic, seasonal and daily restrictions on the power of electricity production, which leads to fluctuations in the energy balance of the system with an increase in their number. To eliminate dips and bursts of energy in the energy system when using renewable sources, it is necessary to introduce energy storage devices, which in turn at this stage of their development are non-environmental chemical batteries, which also require large areas and certain technical conditions for correct operation. Thus, the development of marine energy can in the future become a solution to a number of issues to eliminate the destabilization of the global energy system and provide complete energy independence from traditional energy sources. The oceans have unlimited reserves of renewable energy and their rational extraction and use is the key to the growth of electricity production in the face of increased consumption, which will lead to a general reduction in the crisis in the energy industry in many countries. The issue of developing marine energy as a separate type as part of alternative renewable energy is a priority and, accordingly, the development of technological solutions for the creation of offshore power plants with fundamentally different methods of generating electricity requires huge economic investments in research on their implementation. In the future, marine energy can be one of the main sources of renewable environmentally friendly electricity.

Consumers Preference For Home Service Clinical Laboratory Tests During Covid-19 Pandemic In Indonesia

COVID-19 pandemic has created a crisis in many industry sectors around the world. This situation drives changes in consumer behavior in doing their activities. Indonesian consumers’ high tendency to do activities at home is seen as an opportunity by clinical laboratory providers. As a part of the healthcare system, clinical laboratory providers rethink their ways in approaching more consumers in the midst of pandemic disruptions. This study aims to know what factors influence consumers’ preference to choose diagnostic testing conducted at home. The research findings indicate that Consumer Preferences towards Home Service Clinical Laboratory Tests are significantly affected by Perceived Behavioral Control, Subjective Norms, Perceived Cost-Benefit, and Information consecutively.

Liquidity Ratios of the World's Leading Publicly Traded Oil and Gas Corporations as an Indicator of Investment Attractiveness of Domestic Vertically Integrated Oil and Gas Companies

Subject. The article considers the main liquidity ratios of twenty five leading publicly traded oil and gas companies from 2006 through 2018. Objectives. The aim is to determine the current level of values of the main indicators of liquidity of the leading publicly traded oil and gas companies, to identify the key trends in their change within the studied period and establish those factors that caused this transformation. Methods. The study employs methods of comparative and financial-economic analysis, generalization of materials of consolidated income statements. Results. The study determined trends in key liquidity indicators in the stock market sector of the industry and established the main factors that contributed to this transformation, based on the comprehensive analysis results of annual reports published by 25 oil and gas companies. The global financial shock and subsequent protracted industry crisis did not lead to significant difficulties in ensuring the liquidity of large corporations in the industry. The paper established a slight increase in the level of current liquidity of the leading publicly traded oil and gas companies. This result was achieved by increasing the share of the most liquid component of assets, i.e. cash and its equivalents that have no restrictions on their use. This confirms a more significant increase in instant liquidity. On the contrary, the importance of short-term receivables in the structure of current assets of publicly traded oil and gas companies decreased. Consequently, the aspiration of industry corporations to minimize the cash operating cycle period became a major factor in the transformation. It was revealed that these changes occurred under a certain decrease in the share of equity in total liabilities. Meanwhile, the ratio between all sources of financing and equity remained within an acceptable range of values. Conclusions. Leading publicly traded oil and gas companies are able to maintain their own liquidity even in times of crisis. The greatest attention in the industry is paid to increasing the immediate liquidity indicators.

Timing and congruence effects of corporate social responsibility practices on social media crises in the tourism industry

企业社会责任实践的时机和一致性对旅游业社交媒体危机的影响研究目的企业声誉是公司的关键无形资产之一, 通常会受到社交媒体上负面帖子的影响, 例如客户投诉。迄今为止, 尚无已知研究调查社交媒体危机前和社交媒体危机后的企业社会责任实践对旅游企业声誉的影响。本研究解决了这一研究缺口。该研究的目的是调查企业社会责任实践对社交媒体危机中企业声誉的影响。本研究使用刺激-有机体-反应 (SOR) 理论检验了与社交媒体危机相关的企业社会责任实践的一致性。研究设计/方法/途径使用实验性小插图方法。受访者被随机分为四个实验组和一个对照组。通过配额抽样从香港的 435 名受访者那里收集数据是, 其中年龄和性别是控制变量。研究发现调查结果表明, 社交媒体危机恢复需要企业社会责任实践来恢复企业形象。企业社会责任实践在社交媒体危机之后立即产生影响, 而不是之前。此外, 在企业社会责任实践的规划和实施中应考虑公司的业务范围。研究原创性/价值这项研究通过使用企业社会责任实践扩展了社交媒体危机中的情境危机传播理论。 CSR 实践在危机管理中发挥着独特的作用。它可能属于可以与其他企业危机应对措施一起使用的支持类别。旅游业公司在社交媒体对内和对外增加了对可持续性的曝光。我们的研究表明, 这可以通过与旅游业一致的企业社会责任实践有效地实现。

Financial stability ratios of the world's leading publicly traded oil and gas corporations as an indicator of the investment attractiveness of domestic vertically integrated oil and gas companies

Subject. The article considers the main financial stability ratios of twenty five leading publicly traded oil and gas companies from 2006 through 2018. Objectives. The aim of the study is to determine the current level of values of the main indicators of financial stability of the leading publicly traded oil and gas companies, to identify the key trends in their change within the studied period, and to establish those factors that led to this transformation. Methods. The study is based on methods of comparative and financial-economic analysis, generalization of materials of consolidated income statements. Results. The paper reveals deterioration of key indicators of leading publicly traded oil and gas companies’ financial stability within the studied period. I found that the global financial crisis, as a whole, did not have a significant negative impact. A decrease in the book value of assets as a result of revaluation, as well as implemented mergers and acquisitions with the attraction of an impressive corporate-wide debt capital can have a serious negative impact on the financial stability of companies in the industry. The trend towards improvement of financial stability indicators was outlined in the stock market sector of the industry after the industry crisis. Conclusions. In times of crisis, leading oil and gas companies were able to pay off their own debt obligations.

The Concept of Quadruple Helix Collaboration and Quintuple Helix Innovation as Solutions for Post Covid 19 Economic Recovery

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on the health, economy, transportation, and other industrial crises. The implementation of the lockdown or PSBB has disrupted the operations of various economic sectors.Objectives: The purpose of this research is to describe the concept of the Quadruple Helix collaboration and the Quintuple Helix Innovation model as part of the collaboration, innovation, and synergy initiatives between multi actors to help find solutions in an effort to recover the national economy after COVID-19 in implementing government policies.Methodology: The research method used is the descriptive qualitative method using secondary data from various works of literature, such as books, articles, and home pages to access information data relevant to the Quadruple Helix collaboration concept, namely government, academia, company, and society. The analysis technique was carried out by descriptive analysis.Finding: Based on the research results, it can be seen that the Quadruple Helix collaboration concept is a solution for national economic recovery which can refer to the structure, process, input, and output.Conclusion: The Quintuple Helix Innovation model views more comprehensively the importance of adaptability and the suitability of interactions with social environmental conditions in every process from the structure, the process itself, input and output along with its evaluation.

Analysis of COVID-19 crisis-related building energy retrofit incentives in Italy

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic led to an economic crisis of the construction industry and to an increasing of energy consumption in the residential sector for all the world. The European Union highlights the crucial role of building sector for both energy gains and economic growth, defining a “Renovation Wave” plan combining regulation, financing and technical support with the aim of greening the buildings, creating jobs and improving lives. In Italy a great support mechanism for energy refurbishment of existing buildings has been launched by means of tax deduction of 110% over 5 years. The present study aims to analyze this new funding mechanism, under energy, environmental and economic point of views. By means of a real case study, representative of highly widespread southern Italy HVAC-building system, it will be highlighting advantages and contradictions of the incentive mechanism developed, proposing possible future improvements. It is found that, if on one hand, the best refurbishment measure under energy/environmental point of view is the external insulation, windows replacement, electric heat pump and PV-system installation, with a global not renewable performance index reduction of 81%, on the other hand it is not the best solution considering the cost/saving ratio.

A green attapulgite bacterial cellulose imprinted aerogel for selective adsorption and recovery of Dy(III)

Recycling dysprosium (Dy) from an environment can not only alleviate the industrial crisis, but also reduce the ecological pollution caused by Dy(III). The cost of the materials used to adsorb rare earth ions is generally high, which is not conducive to the wide application of adsorbents in the rare earth industry. Herein, we developed an inexpensive adsorbent based on a three-dimensional network structure consisting of carboxylated bacterial cellulose, attapulgite, and gelatin to replace high-priced adsorbents. A low-cost and green I-APT-GT-OBC aerogel was prepared by a simple freeze-drying process. To test the adsorption properties of the composite aerogel, we carried out a series of adsorption experiments. The results showed that the saturated adsorption capacity of Dy(III) by the imprinted aerogel was 48.762 mg g−1 when the pH value was 5.0, and the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increasing. In the competitive adsorption experiment, the Kd value of I-APT-GT-OBC for Dy(III) was 4084.40 mL g−1, which was much higher than that of other aerogels, showing excellent selective adsorption. In conclusion, I-APT-GT-OBC is expected to be a low-cost adsorbent that can efficiently adsorb Dy(III) in water.

Global Perspectives on Orchestras: Collective Creativity and Social Agency

Global Perspectives on Orchestras: Collective Creativity and Social Agency

Организационно-экономический механизм повышения качества услуг в сфере туризма в условиях новой нормальности

Recent years have been extremely challenging for the tourism industry in terms of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sharp decline in tourist flows has led to a cri-sis in the tourism industry. The so-called conditions of the new normality acted as a catalyst for the formation of increased requirements for the safety of tourist services. At present, the concept of the quality of tourist services has practically become syn-onymous with their safety. To restore international and national tourism, huge efforts are needed to ensure the safety of the provided tourist services and improve their quality. In this regard, tools to improve the quality of tourist services in the new nor-mal (reality) are of particular relevance. With the restoration and further development of tourism, the main problem is the development of mechanisms to improve the quali-ty of tourism products and services provided. In the course of the study, a systematic approach was used and it was shown that the high quality and safety of tourist prod-ucts and services should be ensured at all levels of tourism management. The article identifies and develops key tools that can act as a driver for improving the quality of tourism services in the new normal. A scheme of the organizational and economic mechanism for improving the quality of tourist services was developed and substanti-ated, taking into account the specific conditions of the new normal, and its functions are described in detail. The proposed organizational and economic mechanism will help improve the quality of tourism services and restore the tourism industry.