Crisis Environment Research Articles

АКТУАЛЬНІ АСПЕКТИ АНТИКРИЗОВОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ

UDC 658.15; JEL Classification: M21 Purpose. The research of the main theoretical aspects of crisis management as a subsystem of enterprise management, namely the definition of its essence, subject, object, subject and goals. Methodology of research.The study used methods of analysis and synthesis, the method of logical analysis. The information resources of the study are electronic informative resources and periodical materials. Results. The analysis of scientists’ researches allowed to establish the most widespread following views on issue of enterprise anti-crisis management: management with the purpose to avoid bankruptcy and to financial recovery of the enterprise; management in order to identify and eliminate signs of crisis in the enterprise, in order to provide of its stable operation; management, which prevents the occurrence or reduces the probability of crises in the enterprise; management that provides the development and effective using of resources in a crisis environment. Regarding to the fact of the crisis in the enterprise, anti-crisis management is defined as management in a general crisis, pre-crisis management as management in an enterprise crisis. Therefore, the actual definition of the concept of "crisis management of the enterprise" is the follow: it is preventive management, which prevents or minimizes the probability of crises in the enterprise with additional improving the efficiency of the enterprise and the using of available resources. According to the formed definition, the probability of crisis occurrence, the enterprise efficiency and efficiency of resources using should be added to existing subjects of anti-crisis management. The list of management entities should be limited by the owners and functional managers and specialists of the enterprise. In modern conditions it should be added to the existing list of crisis management objectives the next activities: providing the efficient of resources use, which is necessary by the owner’s opinion, increasing of the enterprise efficiency. Originality. The essence of the concept "crisis management of the enterprise" is specified. Objects and subjects of crisis management are specified. The list of subjects and goals of the enterprise anti-crisis management has been supplemented. Practical value. The proposed conclusions can be used by researchers, owners and managers of enterprises in determining of the effective directions of crisis management.

관광숙박업의 조세지원제도의 고찰과 제도 개선에 관한 연구

This study compares and examines policy and tax related laws and regulations to overcome the crisis of tourism industry including tourism accommodation industry in the recent crisis environment including the SAAD situation and COVID-19, draws out financial support problems and suggests improvement plans. The results of this study are as follows: First, it is necessary to implement the expansion of special depreciation cost for facilities in tourism and lodging business. Second, it is necessary to include the deductible expenses of the technology development reserves of the tourism accommodation business and to apply tax credits. Third, it is necessary to include deductible expenses of overseas market development reserves, industrial utilization of non-compliant accounts, deductible expenses of special repair reserves, and expansion of non-inclusion items. Finally, it is necessary to apply the related laws and regulations for the continuous investment and financial support for the development of tourism accommodation facilities such as tax and usage fee reduction, fund support and investment support for tourism accommodation facilities businesses.

Contribution to the analysis of the impact of the creation of a network of cycle-paths in the local economy and in the touristic image of cities. The case of Seville

This paper analyzes the impact of the creation of a continuous network of segregated cycle paths on local economy and on the touristic image of cities, through the case study of the city of Seville by developing a methodology that could be applied to the analysis of other similar experiences. The implementation of a network of bike tracks in the city from 2007 onwards led to the revitalization of a sector, quite marginal until that date, turning it into a dynamic and growing sector in an environment of economic crisis, with high job creation rates per euro billed, something quite beneficial in a city with high rates of unemployment. The impact of the creation of the mentioned network of cycle paths in the touristic image of the city, something very important given the relevance of the tourism in its economy, is apparent from the inclusion of the aforementioned infrastructure in the main international tourist guides of the city. The microanalysis of the opinions of the visitors, users of said infrastructure, evidences a positive valuation, and its high multiplier power as an argument for recommending Seville as a tourist destination in their immediate social environments. However, some deficiencies that should still be corrected are detected, such as conservation problems, or the low level of knowledge of such infrastructure at the international level.

Applied Communication Methods of Relationship Marketing for Adapting the Business to the Crisis Environment

Purpose: This article analyzes the reactions, communication, and marketing strategies of some of the most affected areas of activity during the COVID-19 crisis period, namely the tourism and the luxury-goods sector The measures provided for the limitation of physical contact between people generated drastic pay cuts and rising unemployment rates Design/Approach/Methodology: The method used to conduct the study is desk research followed by semi-structured interviews with eight tourism agencies managers and seven small-luxury-goods brand managers, which aim to offer a panoramic perception of the situation, a market prospecting, and a useful practice guide for enterprises Findings: Among the basic results of finding that the world of luxury goods is subject to huge losses, one solution is to develop relational marketing in this sector, while in tourism, flexibility and innovation could save the business Some of them waited too long to restructure the business model into a feasible one in a crisis In contrast, others reacted immediately, and few managed to identify methods to survive or even increase their income during the crisis Tourism agencies focused on internal markets and on tourism types that imply nature and social-distancing, while luxury-brands concentrated on recreating the luxury experience even in online Practical Implication: This article contains a best practice guide that can be used by companies in the tourism industry or the field of luxury goods to improve their performance in communicating with customers Originality/Value: This article's originality comes from in-depth interviews with marketing and communication representatives from the analyzed sectors, tourism, and luxury goods Their input, together with the specialized literature, can generate examples of good practice for other companies

Prediction of Knowledge Management for Success of Franchise Hospitality in a Post-Pandemic Economy

Due to its unpredictability, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the global business climate and commercial management practices in unprecedented ways. As a direct result of the pandemic, the hospitality and tourism sectors have shut down, and business failure rates have occurred exponentially. The franchise hospitality industry has experienced significant impact and challenged a basic understanding of knowledge management (KM) implementation in the face of the COVID-19 outbreak. A strategic KM implementation practice can not only guide a large-scale operation, but also adjust an organization’s performance and competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to examine the influential criteria of success through effective KM implementation and to predict the probability of successful KM in a post-pandemic era. The conceptual framework for KM applies an analytic hierarchical prediction model reliant upon consistent fuzzy preference relations to assist the franchise hospitality sector’s consciousness of the influential criteria. An empirical case study is used to apply pairwise comparisons used to determine the priority weights and two possible outcomes. The case study will assist franchise organizations to analyze whether or not to implement KM, interdict application, or adopt revised actions. This assistance will enhance the success possibility of KM implementation within such a crisis environment. This study uses a case setting by assessing 15 franchises hospitality experts’ opinions in Taiwan relevant to KM implementation.

Vernacularisation from above: finance’s appropriation of human rights in land governance

ABSTRACT The 2007/2008 triple crisis (finance, food and environment) prompted a new wave of land grabbing characterised by its financial dimension. In response, land governance initiatives have been implemented to regulate the social and environmental impacts of large-scale land investments. These initiatives use a human rights framework, but they remain disputed. In addition, they narrow down the relationship between finance and human rights to a subsidiary responsibility, suggesting that finance only influences human rights indirectly. In contrast, we put forward the concept of ‘vernacularisation from above’ to show that financial actors directly appropriate human rights in order to better serve their interests. By focusing on three land governance initiatives, we discuss how they tackle the issue of land access. We argue that financial actors impose a definition of land access in terms of land rights instead of recognizing the human right to land. Such a definition does not challenge unequal power relations related to land grabbing.

Tüketicilerin Covid19 (Korona) Virüsüyle Artan Stoklama İsteğinin Online Satın Alma Davranışına Etkisi

Tüketim, bireylerin vazgeçilmez ihtiyaçlarındandır. Bireylerin satın alma davranışı birçok faktörden etkilenmektedir. Pandemik salgına bağlı olarak oluşan kriz ortamında tüketici davranışlarının da değişmesi muhtemel bir sonuçtur. Bu çalışma Covid19 Korona virüsünün 2020 yılı Mart ayında ülkemize yayılmasıyla, tüketici davranışlarında gözlenen değişimleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma online anket formu aracılığı ile 16-21 Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında, 369 kişinin katılımıyla yürütülmüştür. Türkiye’de salgının fazlasıyla yayıldığı bir dönem geçiren ve kendilerini evlerinde karantinaya alan tüketicilerle yapılan görüşmelerden önemli bulgular elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, salgın durumunda tüketicilerin daha fazla online satın aldığını ve bazı perakende ürünlere daha fazla rağbet ettiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca AMOS programı ile yapılan yapısal eşitlik modellemesiyle, Korona virüs salgını sırasında, tüketicilerdeki stoklama eğiliminin online satın alma davranışını pozitif yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Tüketicilerin salgın döneminde en sık alışveriş yaptığı online sitelerin sırasıyla Trendyol, Migros Sanal Market ve Hepsi Burada olduğu görülmüştür. Tüketicilerin çok miktarda satın aldıkları ürünler sırasıyla, çay/kahve, ev temizlik ürünleri, makarna ve kuru bakliyat olarak belirlenmiştir. Salgın riski ortadan kalktığında tüketicilerin sık sık el yıkamaya devam edecekleri, kalabalık ortamlara girmeyecekleri ve seyahat ederken temkinli olacakları ulaşılan bulgular arasındadır. Tüketicilerin karantina ve pandemik salgın sebebiyle yoğun olarak yaptıkları online satın alma davranışında ve stoklama eğiliminde demografik değişkenlere göre tespit edilen farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Araştırmanın doğal afet, salgın, kriz gibi zamanlarda tüketicideki olası değişimleri anlamak ve strateji belirlemek isteyen firmalara yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir.

The geological diversity of oil deposits is the basis for the technological development of the industry

A deep study of the mechanism and processes of development of the bitumen and heavy oil deposits, as well as oil in tight and shale reservoirs, was conducted in the special test facilities in North America. These studies served as the basis for a technological leap for the transfer of these resources to the category of recoverable reserves. Based on the development of new technologies for horizontal drilling, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, and the SAGD method in various modifications, commercially attractive results have been achieved, which allow stable development of fields with unconventional reserves at low oil prices. Marginal reserves in a deep crisis environment are the main reason for the write-off of reserves and their transition to large diversified companies.

A Game Mechanism of Individual Value Decision-Making Based on SVO Differences

As the externalized carrier of intrinsic value, value decision-making is an important factor affecting the social value system. As an old Chinese saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed,” crisis environment provides the background for the conflicts of multiple values, while individual social value orientation (SVO) determines the ranking of the value states. This paper defined the SVO types by means of Slider Measure method on the basis of environment description, constructed a decision-making game model in accordance with SVO differences, and finally analysed the mechanism of people’s decision-making. Taking the epidemic situation as the background, this paper conducted an empirical analysis with the sample of college students. The results showed that the most SVO types of college students were prosocial orientation, followed by individualistic orientation, altruistic orientation, and competitive orientation. In the crisis environment, individual SVO type and decision-making constituted a mapping relationship. There was an equilibrium point in the decision of prosocial orientation, and the dominant decision of altruistic orientation or individualistic orientation is relatively stable.

Hybrid TODIM Method with Crisp Number and Probability Linguistic Term Set for Urban Epidemic Situation Evaluation

Emergency medical services during the COVID-19 epidemic have become the focus of worldwide attention, and how to effectively respond to urban epidemic situation during a complex environment has become a global challenge. Emergency decision-making can be considered as a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, which involves multiple criteria or attributes about qualitative and quantitative aspects. So, in this paper, based on the TODIM method, a hybrid TODIM method with crisp number and probability linguistic term set is first provided to evaluate the severity of urban COVID-19 epidemic situation during a complex humanitarian crisis environment. In this hybrid method, the quantitative aspects are evaluated on the basis of precise numerical values, and the qualitative aspects are evaluated by means of probability linguistic term set, which can not only express their judgments or linguistic preference with multiple linguistic terms but also reflect different importance degrees or probability degrees of all the possible linguistic information or preference information. In addition, the concept of entropy and probability linguistic entropy is applied to induce hybrid criteria weight information. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis of the parameter about attenuation factor of the losses in the hybrid TODIM method, which considers the psychology factors and cognitive behavior of the DMs, is further conducted on a case study, to verify the effectiveness and stability of the proposed method for urban epidemic situation evaluation according to the results of this study.

Simulation of natural disasters and managing rescue operations via geospatial crowdsourcing services in tensor space

Natural disasters have always been difficult to manage because of their spatio-temporal scale. Although the use of GIS and RS has made this process somewhat simpler, there are still serious challenges in managing and smart allocating human resources, increasing operational power and cost savings, continuous monitoring, and ensuring the effectiveness of the relief activities. The development of VGI and the studies of big data have provided the prerequisite for the introduction of the crowdsourcing service into the GIS. In this research, we tried to solve some of the problems and challenges of crisis management by relying on the characteristics of the crowdsourcing service and its integration with the GIS. Dividing complex emergency processes into atomic crowdsourcing services in a wireless mobile environment is regarded as an appropriate solution. Proposed atomic crowdsourcing services include an informative, content, and confirmative segment. Composing such services can manage sophisticated crisis fields. But, the use of services necessitates a robust and operational framework. This framework must also be capable of simulating the environment in addition to executing, managing, and communicating with the environment. However, current crisis management frameworks cannot cover all these issues at the same time. The present study aims to design a crisis crowdsourcing mathematical framework, which has been constructed upon vector space elements, tensors, and geometrical products. Vectors simulate crisis environment for main objects in a multi-dimensional space. In addition, operations are coincided with possible actions among crisis objects. Framework introduces tools to compose and arrange services in optimum mode to conquer complex aiding process. Since low-speed and high processing load are among the fundamental problems of existing software frameworks, the use of tensors and matrices in frameworks increase the speed and decrease the processing load due to cumulative integrated computing. Further, it offers a mathematical intelligible documentation method, which is able to record the processing details as well as the object status in space. On the other hand, although tensors are widely used in other fields of engineering, there is little record of their use in GIS or crisis management. Thus, with the designed framework, it is possible to use the experiences gained from other disciplines. Different scenarios have confirmed the accuracy and efficiency of the framework in deploying potential of crowds. It offers an environment to easily incorporate people in a wireless mobile application, to tackle emergency process. Indeed, rather than the social aspects of research in providing a new IT-based methodology for employing crowd’s ability, this research has implemented a special math framework for managing new proposed crowdsourcing services that is easily implemented through a mobile GIS system in a wireless network.

Assessing the Impact of Domestic Economic Crises on Foreign Travel Data Recording: The Greek Case

Purpose: We assess whether statistical recording of international travel activity towards a country in financial crisis environment underestimates the actual picture of its tourism receipts. Design/Methodology/Approach: Considering the case of Greece and using data during a period including the financial crisis, a VECM estimation highlights the factors endogenously affecting the recorded international travel receipts. Findings: The performance of international travel receipts during the Greek crisis cannot be explained only by changes in variables proposed in the appropriate theoretical background like foreign demand and relative prices. In addition, inward travel activity in the country has been adversely affected by the rise in domestic turmoil following the crisis, while travel receipts indicators underestimate actual tourism performance during periods of intense turbulence in the financial system. Practical Implications: Accounting for such under recording, policy makers can more accurately assess the performance and actual contribution of the tourism sector to an economy under stress, upon designing the appropriate sectoral policy interventions. In parallel, tourism sector stakeholders can form a better-informed view about the sector’s actual trends and prospects. Originality/Value: In the case of the Greek financial crisis we find that the effective income contribution of the tourism sector to Greek service providers was considerably higher than recorded international receipts, by circa 4.6% of annual revenues and cumulatively by €2.8 billion during the four-year period following the imposition of capital controls.

Evaluating the efficiency of municipalities in the presence of unobserved heterogeneity

The paper applies some of the latest advances of probabilistic approach to account directly for unobserved heterogeneity in the estimation of efficiency measures of performance for a sample of 154 Spanish municipalities over the period 2005–2012. Specifically, we develop time-dependent nonparametric conditional measures considering unobserved factors like local government strategies or institutional arrangements that might affect local governments performance. Moreover, we apply a second-stage approach to estimate measures of pure or managerial efficiency, which are an approximation of the unexplained part of the conditional measures after removing the effect of those latent factors. The empirical results suggest that the dynamic effect of those unobserved conditions play an important role as influencing efficiency distribution and the production set. Likewise, we identify that this influence has been more emphatic towards the core of the economic and financial crisis period. In terms of policy implications, our empirical findings suggest that Spanish municipalities could not cope and adapt their administration strategies properly and in time with the ongoing volatile crisis environment.

Greek Economic Crisis and Changes in HR Management The Case of Greek Structural Design Engineers

Nowadays the modern business operates in an ever-changing environment that is strongly influenced by technological, political, social, economic and scientific developments. Its future and success are based on its ability to manage properly and to develop its human resources that are the most important and at the same time the most difficult resource.Because of the economic crisis that started on 2008 the work environment worldwide changed in a great number of organizations. This sudden change of organization generated new topics in the field of organizations. Leadership and motivation in the workplace are two of them.The current work paper focuses on the in-depth analysis of a small group of employees (qualitative research) in a workplace with a strong influence from the Greek economic crisis, although in the last years was one of the main sectors of the economy.In the first part is presented the social and working face of Greece, the timeline of Greek crisis and its consequences. An empirical research conducted within the changing environmenent, its results, conclusions and recommendations complete the current paper. The outcome highlights the need of Great leadership, communication and inside motivation within the economic crisis environment.

Developing a multilevel distribuiting crowdsourcing system for aiding and rescuing to overcome widespread crises

Today, the management of different crises in urban areas is among the main challenges of societies due to their scope and limited resources. Using the crowd to solve these problems would be a proper solution. Crowdsourcing, due to a large number of people, the diversity of expertise, superficial dispersion and low cost, has long been considered. However, managing such a volume of people to restore the crisis situation has many problems that modern IT-based techniques in recent years have Facilitates the issue. In this paper, a distributed geospatial system consisting of segments and different users is designed that can be used to manage the crowd to solve the problems of the urban crisis. The system consists of several subsystems and several user groups that operate on the basis of spatial crowdsourcing service. The proposed new service is an atomic, consisting of a guiding section, an operational content, and a control segment. Operational content involves performing a simple activity. Solving complex issues involves the proper combination of simple services. After identifying the crisis environment with system elements, the system design a suitable combination of services for addressing regional issues and then allocate services to appropriate rescuers at the region level. The designed mechanism to allocate and combine services is based on a multidisciplinary agent environment. In order to evaluate, in addition to designing software test scenarios, the system was tested during the Aqala flood of 2019 in Golestan province of Iran. The system accuracy in allocation was as well as its performance when the number of users increased. The system also considerably raised various quality indicators such as rescuer fatigue or mission latency. Furthermore, an innovated crowdsourcing evaluation method also announced the overall system success rate of 44.5 %

KRİZ İLETİŞİMİ VE SOSYAL MEDYA: COVİD-19 SALGINININ YÖNETİLMESİNDE SAĞLIK BAKANI FAHRETTİN KOCA NIN TWİTTER HESABININ ANALİZİ

Situations that occur in an unexpected situation and threaten the existence of the institution are called crisis. Crisis communication is very important to overcome any situation that occurs during the crisis. With the development of technology and the increasing communication, the growth of the crisis is much faster. Especially the widespread use of social media, with the rapid growth of the crisis, and the spread of inaccurate information during the crisis, this will lead to the emergence of new crises. An infectious disease that started in China in 2019 has become a serious problem for the world over time. This disease has turned into a health crisis for Turkey as well. The crisis has grown very quickly and has been distorted through social media. Within the scope of this study, the official Twitter account of the Minister of Health, Fahrettin Koca, was examined to find out how he managed the crisis environment caused by the epidemic named Covid-19. In addition, the relationship between crisis communication and social media has been evaluated and it has been aimed to determine the impact of social media during the crisis. As a result of the study, it was seen that the things to be done during the crisis were carried out calmly and patiently. This attitude was appreciated by the public, and those who wanted to turn the crisis into an opportunity were cut off thanks to a good crisis communication. As a result, it was clearly determined that the correct communication method applied during the crisis contributed to the corporate reputation as well as managing the crisis.

Exploration and exploitation in crisis environment: Implications for level and variability of firm performance

Exploration and exploitation are two generic strategies of firms' adaptation to their environments. However, the effectiveness and reliability of these approaches are not fully understood when the business environment is undergoing a major crisis. Building on organizational adaptation, strategic fit, and organizational decline streams of literature, we develop a framework that examines exploration and exploitation in crisis contexts. We argue that the severity of crisis a firm is exposed to acts as a positive contingency for the impact of exploration on firm performance level and variability, and as a negative contingency for exploitation’s level and variability effects. Employing the multiplicative heteroscedasticity regression model on the data from 500 Russian SMEs, we test the proposed theoretical framework linking exploration and exploitation activities to the distribution of firm performance under different conditions of the firm-specific crisis severity. The results provide an improved understanding of strategic management approaches under economic crises and related turbulence.

Transfer function models for forecasting maritime passenger traffic in Greece under an economic crisis environment

ABSTRACT Maritime transportation constitutes a dynamic Greek economic sector. Greece accounted for 25% of the Maritime Passenger Traffic (MPT) in the European Union in 2007. However, due to the economic recession since 2009, maritime passenger transportation has been facing increasing fuel prices along with declining demand. In this paper, we develop transfer function models, including macroeconomic indicators, for forecasting the coastal and the Adriatic MPT in Greek ports. The majority of the MPT models include the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as an explanatory variable, reflecting the financial impact on maritime flows. Although the employment and the economic crisis dummy are also used as explanatory variables, the unemployment and the oil price do not affect MPT. The coastal traffic models are generally more consistent when the seasonality trend is eliminated, while the international traffic models perform better when the inherent seasonality is considered. This first effort contributes toward filling the gap of MPT forecasting models for supporting policy-making on maritime transportation.

Did It Really Happen? How the Public Interprets Journalistic Disclaimers

Immediately following dramatic events, news reporting must be both fast and accurate. In an attempt to reconcile the inherent conflict between these two ambitions, journalists often use disclaimers, for example, “unconfirmed” or “reports of.” These disclaimers allow for the rapid publication of less than reliable content. The results from our survey experiment suggest that strong disclaimers, as intended, do lower the perceived reliability of stories among news consumers. Furthermore, the results indicate that the context influences the effectiveness of disclaimers. It appears that in a crisis environment, such as after a large terrorist attack, individuals are less sensitive to disclaimers.

Predictive intraday correlations in stable and volatile market environments: Evidence from deep learning

Standard methods and theories in finance can be ill-equipped to capture highly non-linear interactions in financial prediction problems based on large-scale datasets, with deep learning offering a way to gain insights into correlations in markets as complex systems. In this paper, we apply deep learning to econometrically constructed gradients to learn and exploit lagged correlations among S&P 500 stocks to compare model behaviour in stable and volatile market environments, and under the exclusion of target stock information for predictions. In order to measure the effect of time horizons, we predict intraday and daily stock price movements in varying interval lengths and gauge the complexity of the problem at hand with a modification of our model architecture. Our findings show that accuracies, while remaining significant and demonstrating the exploitability of lagged correlations in stock markets, decrease with shorter prediction horizons. We discuss implications for modern finance theory and our work’s applicability as an investigative tool for portfolio managers. Lastly, we show that our model’s performance is consistent in volatile markets by exposing it to the environment of the recent financial crisis of 2007/2008.