East Crisis Research Articles

The Global Financial Crisis and Economic Reform in the Middle East

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THE ECONOMY AND THE CRISES OF THAILAND

This paper analyzes the economic crisis which influenced Thailand economy in 1997. The crisis in Thailand economy is usually taken as a part of the Far East Asia crisis. In this paper, ten years' data was used for Thailand economy.The crisis in Thailand is investigated by means of the finance sector, especially the impact of the hot money on the crisis was taken into consideration together with data on trade balance and money market. As a result, it is observed that Thailand economy is damaged by hot money, free capital movements and unproductive investments.

Crisis in East and South East Asia

This special volume of abstracts, focused on the East Asian economic crisis, captures the interpretations of various experts in the field. These extended abstracts are based on selected articles and speeches reflecting on the rise and fall of these economies, on the probable causes and the suggested cures, and on their implications for the different economies, including India. We look forward to your comments on this special volume. Abstracts of Indian Management Research is a regular feature of Vikalpa and is sponsored by the Indian Council of Social Science Research.

Assessing virtual nuclear arsenals

The term 'virtual nuclear arsenals' has recently entered the lexicon of nuclear strategy, arms control and non-proliferation. Virtual-nuclear-weapons capabilities are, to some degree, a reality of physics that inevitably results from the spread of nuclear-energy technologies and programmes. But an examination of the cases of South Africa, Israel, Japan, Belarus, Khazakstan and Ukraine suggests that virtual arsenals will have limited appeal for most states. Their potential value will be for countries that have decided to reduce or eliminate their nuclear arsenals and wish to reduce, if not eliminate, any residual risks of doing so. While virtual capabilities will not be the ultimate factor determining nuclear issues in the Middle East, South Asia or other crisis regions, they could offer important reassurance to states willing to forego their nuclear capacities in the context of broader regional political-military agreements or arrangements.

ARE MIDDLE EASTERN BANKS SAFE?

The recent political crisis in the Middle East, coupled with several banking failures, have raised concerns about the safety of this region's banks among potential customers and investors in the international market. This paper presents an analysis of the safety of Middle Eastern banks, using capital strength as a measure of safety. A comparison of the capital strength of Middle Eastern banks with a sample of the world's largest banks and the largest U.S. banks (based on capital) is conducted for the period 1988 to 1992. The results of this study indicate that Middle Eastern banks possess significantly higher capital to assets ratios than both world and U.S. banks, and very few Middle Eastern banks failed to meet the Basel minimum capital ratio during this period.

The Post‐Peace Crisis in the Middle East

The Post‐Peace Crisis in the Middle East

Reducing U. S. Vulnerability to Oil Supply Shocks

The 1990 crisis in the Middle East has raised concern about the United States`s vulnerability to oil supply disruptions. In addition, a number of trends point to increased US dependence on imported oil. Oil imports have increased and production has declined in the United States for the last eight years. Imports now comprise 42 percent of total oil consumption and US dependence on oil imports is projected to increase over the next 20 years. The Energy Modeling Forum forecasts imports to be more than twice domestic production by the year 2010. There are many studies examining the effects of various policies to protect US energy security. Not many consider the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), which can be a powerful tool in combating energy supply shocks. The SPR can dramatically increase the domestic short run supply elasticity, which has been found to be a key element in the welfare cost of protectionist policies. Upon examining 5 policies the author finds that the SPR together with a protectionist policy works best against a supply disruption. 27 refs., 3 tabs.

Economic crisis in west and east and the future of the labour party

Economic crisis in west and east and the future of the labour party

Summary and Appraisal

The crisis in the Middle East could damage the prospects for world growth and price stability. The possibility obviously cannot be ruled out, given the similarities which exist between the pattern of events now unfolding and the circumstances of the ‘oil shocks’ in 1973 and 1979. In preparing our forecasts, (in the first week of August) however, we have assumed that the effect of oil prices is relatively minor, and relatively short-lived. The possibility of a larger and more sustained rise is discussed in an annex to the chapter on the world economy.

A Car for the Nineties: BL's Energy Conservation Vehicle

Several crises in the Middle East have resulted in the disappearance of cheap fuel oil. Further crises are possible and although considerable reserves exist, with the exception of the Middle East, production is bound to become more and more expensive. BL's answer is the conservation vehicle. Development ran through two preliminary phases, ECVI and ECV2, which were based on a small car prototype. The third phase ECV3, though profiting from the earlier vehicles, bears little resemblance to them; it is bigger, it shares few common parts and to a large extent is made from different materials. The objectives for the ECV are 0–60 mile/h acceleration in 12 s or less with an average fuel consumption of better than 50 mile/gal. It must be in no way inferior to existing medium sized family cars in performance, ride, handling, interior noise, vibration, safety and accommodation. It is designed for minimum whole life cost. This lecture describes the efforts made to meet these objectives.

The Philippines

he Shah of Iran's precipitous fall from power and the collapse of Somoza's right-wing regime in Nicaragua must give the United States cause to evaluate the future stability of other Third World regimes closely identified with our interests. Necessary attention to the current crisis in the Middle East, and to Soviet and Cuban military involvement in Africa and South Asia should not lead us to neglect foci of potential future confrontation in other areas. The Philippines is one such country where US interests may well be threatened by domestic instability. The Philippines under the martial law rule of President Ferdinand E. Marcos since 1972, and Iran under the Shah, shared many characteristics. Both countries were ruled by one man whose power had at least tacit American backing. Both leaders depended upon the support of a military establishment trained and equipped by the United States. Both faced internal conflicts as a result of leftist opposition as well as ethnic rivalries, and were opposed by important segments of the largest religious denomination. Both had to contend with an organized, well-financed expatriate opposition. In both countries, ostentatious wealth was visible alongside the poverty of the masses, while a growing middle class was increasingly squeezed by inflation and frustrated in its demands for a greater voice in the allocation of scarce economic resources. While the common features of transitional societies may hide idiosyncratic differences, a probable future of political and economic instability was basic to both the Philippines of Marcos and Iran of the Shah.

Crisis and Conscience in the Middle East. By Christian E. Hauer, Jr. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970. 155 pp. $5.95

Crisis and Conscience in the Middle East. By Christian E. Hauer, Jr. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970. 155 pp. $5.95

Oll consumption 1967 fully covered in spite of the near East crisis

Oll consumption 1967 fully covered in spite of the near East crisis

Multitudes in the Valley: Church and Crisis in the Middle East

Multitudes in the Valley: Church and Crisis in the Middle East

Oil in the Middle East Crisis

stated overtly, as was done recently by former WHETHER Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden, or covertly by other spokesmen involved in the current crisis, it is obvious that behind the more limited and immediate Suez Canal issue, as well as behind the general East-West crisis in the Middle East, there lurks the question of the fabulous oil reserves of the region. The oil is frequently given as both a cause and a reason for the crisis, and the oil is raised like a talisman to silence any discussion and to answer any criticism against given policies and practices. Some of the leaders of the Arab Middle Eastern countries advanced the oil of the area as a trump card in their demands from the Western Powers ; some of the Western policymakers advanced the oil as the justification for their policies. In short, oil has become the key to all issues, as well as the answer to all arguments, although it is not the only factor in the Middle East crisis. An attempt will therefore be made here to establish the factual data, to clear up some of the confusion intentional or unintentional which has enveloped the oil issue, and to analyze the divergent interests of the different Middle Eastern countries bearing on the oil, on the one hand, and the separate interests and policies of the Great Powers, on the other hand. It is hoped that a proper perspective of the role of oil in the Middle East crisis may result. The Middle East as an oil-producing region and as an area of great reserves has become increasingly significant in the last fifteen years. In 1920 the potential reserves of the area were estimated at 5,820,000,00 barrels; in 1945 E. L. DeGolyer, the outstanding American petroleum geologist, estimated the reserves at about eighteen billion barrels; in 1956 the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineering estimated the reserves at 117 billion barrels, and Dr. Wallace E. Pratt, in a special report to the Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, placed the reserves at 230 billion barrels. These figures, impressive in themselves, become even more significant in relation to world reserves. In 1949, when estimates

The Middle East Crisis

Running true to form, the makers of American public opinion, official and unofficial alike, are blaming the present acute crisis in the Middle East on the Soviet Union. A sudden shift in Soviet policy is supposed to have been responsible for the sale of arms by Czechoslovakia to Egypt, which has in turn, quite obviously, greatly increased the tension between the Arab countries and Israel. This maneuver is variously described as brilliant, wicked, cynical—or as combining all these qualities. What no one seems to question is that it stems basically from a Soviet initiative. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

Same Work—Different Union; The Korean Truce Talks; Crisis in the Middle East and North Africa; The 82nd Congress; German Unification Again; The British Election; Political Rights are for Using

In 1945, Joseph P. ("King") Ryan, lifetime President of the International Longshoremen's Association (AFL), made his usual back-door agreement with the New York Shipping Association. It was a ten-cent deal and the rank and file longshoremen of New York showed their disapproval by striking. Ryan went back into negotiations, and the final settlement, following upon an arbitrator's award, was an increase of twenty-five cents an hour.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.