Criminology Science Research Articles

Questionable Research Practices and Open Science in Quantitative Criminology

ObjectivesQuestionable research practices (QRPs) lead to incorrect research results and contribute to irreproducibility in science. Researchers and institutions have proposed open science practices (OSPs) to improve the detectability of QRPs and the credibility of science. We examine the prevalence of QRPs and OSPs in criminology, and researchers’ opinions of those practices.MethodsWe administered an anonymous survey to authors of articles published in criminology journals. Respondents self-reported their own use of 10 QRPs and 5 OSPs. They also estimated the prevalence of use by others, and reported their attitudes toward the practices.ResultsQRPs and OSPs are both common in quantitative criminology, about as common as they are in other fields. Criminologists who responded to our survey support using QRPs in some circumstances, but are even more supportive of using OSPs. We did not detect a significant relationship between methodological training and either QRP or OSP use. Support for QRPs is negatively and significantly associated with support for OSPs. Perceived prevalence estimates for some practices resembled a uniform distribution, suggesting criminologists have little knowledge of the proportion of researchers that engage in certain questionable practices.ConclusionsMost quantitative criminologists in our sample have used QRPs, and many have used multiple QRPs. Moreover, there was substantial support for QRPs, raising questions about the validity and reproducibility of published criminological research. We found promising levels of OSP use, albeit at levels lagging what researchers endorse. The findings thus suggest that additional reforms are needed to decrease QRP use and increase the use of OSPs.

“Death groups” through the prism of the theory of routine actions

This article analyzes the emergence of the phenomenon of suicidal communities in the Russian cyberspace from the perspective of the widespread in modern criminology theory of routine actions. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by the fact that despite a variety of studies dedicated to “death groups”, the problems associated with encouraging or assisting suicide using the Internet platforms are not fully covered in the view of criminological science. At the same time, there is urgent need for criminological research of this phenomenon due to the qualitative transformation of criminality – use of the Internet platforms for inflicting harm to human life and health without direct physical and psychological abuse is a distinguishing feature of the modern world. The subject of this research is the key concepts of the theory of routine actions (“motivated criminal”, “potential victim”, “no external control”) applicable to the problem under review. The author explores certain psychological and cultural aspects that characterize the modern younger generation (increased engagement in social media, more tolerant perception). It is concluded that criminalization of relationships developing between people in social media naturally increased criminality due to the emergence of new ways of communication in modern world. The author believes that the effective method to minimize the category of such type of crimes consists in promotion of the state policy aimed at improvement of psychological health of the population.

Kontrologia a prawo karne. Geneza, stan obecny, perspektywy

<p>The present day brings a number of significant challenges for the state and the law, especially in the context of questions about the relationship between the state and the citizen. The development of science and technology provides wide opportunities for extending the methods of surveillance and control. State control, which is exercised through the instruments of criminal law, has been a subject of interest in criminology and criminal law for a long time. During the crisis of criminal law and criminology, which has been going on for over four decades, the question of the future of criminal law and criminology becomes utterly relevant. Progressive dehumanization causes that a person becomes a passive object of influence. In the long term, the belief in dealing with crime and effective crime management is consolidated, and in fact the phenomenon of delaying solutions is exacerbated. Social costs are rising. Automated technological justice is established. Doubts about the verification of control mechanisms are deepening. Who will control the controllers? Will the science of criminal law and criminology be replaced by a new science – contrology? Do questions about the etiology of crime, and especially the philosophical and ethical dimensions of punishment, lose their sense?</p>

Запрет на незаконное финансирование политической деятельности как антикоррупционный стандарт поведения в бизнесе

The problem of political corruption is of particular relevance for criminological science. The processes of formation and functioning of power, due to their high social significance, have long been subject to negative corruption influences, and therefore they need a special protection mechanism. The subject of the research is the legal regulation of the ban on illegal financing of political activity, as well as its reflection in local regulations of commercial organizations. The article examines one of the forms of political corruption as illegal financing of political activity by officials of commercial organizations. The author used the dialectical method of cognition, as well as the system-structural, formal-logical and other methods of scientific cognition. To study the practice of regulating the ban on illegal financing of political activity at the level of local regulations of commercial organizations, the author monitored the official websites of 250 largest Russian companies. The monitoring of the content of local regulations showed that commercial organizations have not yet developed a unified approach to regulating the ban on illegal financing of political activity. In addition, in more than 50% of the surveyed commercial organizations, this prohibition is absent in local regulations. One of the reasons for the low level of anti-corruption activity of organizations is the lack of motivation of companies to conduct business with integrity. The results of the study allow us to conclude that it is necessary to take a set of measures aimed at stimulating commercial organizations to consolidate in their local regulations a ban on the financing of political activities, as well as measures aimed at limiting the possibility of committing corresponding corruption offenses. Keywords: corruption, political system, elections, electoral process, campaign finance, electoral fund, anti-corruption standard, commercial organization, business, prevention of corruption. Научная специальность: 12.00.08 – Уголовное право и криминология; уголовно-исполнительное право Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-311-90028 The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 20-311-90028

Footprint Identification: Review of an Emerging Biometric Trait

AbstractBiometric systems are progressively replacing traditional password‐based and token‐based validation systems. Security and acknowledgment precision are the two most significant viewpoints to be considered in developing a biometric system. Today, biometric has been effectively conveyed in different fields like criminological science, security, distinguishing proof, and approval systems. In this study, a complete survey is introduced to reveal insight into the most recent advancements in the investigation of footprint‐based individual recognition covering different angles that have been utilized by scientists to improve this biometric modality. The paper presents various techniques developed so far for recognizing a person's identity using foot geometry and footprint structure. Because of a careful examination and conversation, impediments of existing exploration work are discussed and recommendations for future work are given.

Проблемы производства и оборота криминологической информации

Modern criminology and criminal law are in the prolonged crisis provoked by inadequate and ineffective mechanism of informational circulation between these two spheres of social science and practice. The failure in the production of criminological information and its perception by criminal law serves as a symptom and as a cause of this crisis simultaneously. The way out of the crisis is seen as the analysis of the main components of the criminological information circulation mechanism and finding the way of its perfection. On the basis of critical analysis of the achievements of modern science the article investigates the main directions of perspective development of criminological science in order to produce modern and claimed by criminal law information. The research discusses the scientific problems of the production and circulation of scientific criminal information and the results of criminal law activities; proposes the mechanisms of calculation and use of criminological information in law making and law enforcing activities.

Anti-Corruption Potential of Prohibiting the Financing of Election Campaigns by Commercial Organizations

The problem of political corruption is particularly relevant for modern criminological science. The processes of formation and functioning of power, due to their high social significance, have long been subject to negative corruption, and therefore they need a special protection mechanism. The subject of the study is the legal regulation of banning the financing of political activities (election campaigns), as well as its reflection in the local regulations of commercial organizations. The article presents a general description of the illegal financing of election campaigns as a form of political corruption, describes the problems of applying measures of retrospective responsibility in relation to its subjects, and also evaluates the effectiveness of banning the financing of political activities (election campaigns) in the system of preventing this form of corruption. To study the practice of regulating the prohibition in question at the level of local regulations of commercial organizations, the authors conducted monitoring of the official websites of 250 major Russian companies based on the methods of statistical analysis of socio-legal phenomena and processes. The results of the study allow us to conclude that it is necessary to take a set of measures aimed at encouraging commercial organizations to adopt anti-corruption compliance programs which will include a ban on financing political activities (election campaigns), as well as aimed at limiting the possibility of committing relevant corruption offenses

Дефиниция «цифровая криминалистика» как начало ложного направления в науке (часть 2)

Purpose. To compare and analyze the trend of appearance of the pseudo-term ‘digital criminology’ in the science of criminology and prove that this is incorrect. Methodology: induction, deduction, synthesis, analysis, formal legal method, comparative legal method, logical method. Conclusions. The evolution of methods of committing crimes and instruments of crime does not always require the evolution of the science of criminology and the emergence of its varieties. You just have to assess the prospects of extrapolative ways and methods of proving the circumstances of the crimes in the era of digitalization of social relations, in terms of the provisions of modern criminal law and only criminal-legal research unit. The definition of ‘digital criminalistics’, which has recently appeared in science, actually misleads the scientific community with its novelty and originality, since such criminalistics in nature does not exist a priori. It is necessary to speak only about forensic or expert research of carriers of digital (electronic or computer) information. In criminalistics, it is logical to develop a new direction-the forensic study of electronic media of digital information and the use of computer expertise in establishing all the circumstances of the crime committed. And this is just a new section of forensic technology, studying a new subject of research for this naki. Here, the traditional forensic methodology should be applied, which will be aimed ‘atlinking’ the electronic carrier of digital information and the digital information itself to a specific crime and to a specific person. Scientific and practical significance. The research is aimed at orienting forensic theory and practice towards the study of specific objects and contributes to the fact that all these studies are further applicable to the practice of crime investigation, and not only for theoretical purposes.

Дефиниция «цифровая криминалистика» как начало ложного направления в науке. Часть 1

Purpose. To compare and analyze the trend of appearance of the pseudo-term “digital criminology” in the science of criminology and prove that this is incorrect. Methodology: induction, deduction, synthesis, analysis, formal legal method, comparative legal method, logical method. Conclusions. The evolution of methods of committing crimes and instruments of crime does not always require the evolution of the science of criminology and the emergence of its varieties. You just have to assess the prospects of extrapolative ways and methods of proving the circumstances of the crimes in the era of digitalization of social relations, in terms of the provisions of modern criminal law and only criminal-legal research unit. The definition of “digital criminalistics”, which has recently appeared in science, actually misleads the scientific community with its novelty and originality, since such criminalistics in nature does not exist a priori. It is necessary to speak only about forensic or expert research of carriers of digital (electronic or computer) information. In criminalistics, it is logical to develop a new direction-the forensic study of electronic media of digital information and the use of computer expertise in establishing all the circumstances of the crime committed. And this is just a new section of forensic technology, studying a new subject of research for this naki. Here, the traditional forensic methodology should be applied, which will be aimed “atlinking” the electronic carrier of digital information and the digital information itself to a specific crime and to a specific person. Scientific and practical significance. The research is aimed at orienting forensic theory and practice towards the study of specific objects and contributes to the fact that all these studies are further applicable to the practice of crime investigation, and not only for theoretical purposes.

­Questionable Research Practices and Open Science in Quantitative Criminology

Questionable research practices (QRPs) lead to incorrect research results and contribute to irreproducibility in science. Researchers and institutions have proposed open science practices (OSPs) to improve the detectability of QRPs and the credibility of science. We examine the prevalence of QRPs and OSPs in criminology, and researchers’ opinions of those practices. We administered an anonymous survey to authors of articles published in criminology journals. Respondents self-reported their own use of 10 QRPs and 5 OSPs. They also estimated the prevalence of use by others, and reported their attitudes toward the practices. QRPs and OSPs are both common in quantitative criminology, about as common as they are in other fields. Criminologists who responded to our survey support using QRPs in some circumstances, but are even more supportive of using OSPs. We did not detect a significant relationship between methodological training and either QRP or OSP use. Support for QRPs is negatively and significantly associated with support for OSPs. Perceived prevalence estimates for some practices resembled a uniform distribution, suggesting criminologists have little knowledge of the proportion of researchers that engage in certain questionable practices. Most quantitative criminologists in our sample have used QRPs, and many have used multiple QRPs. Moreover, there was substantial support for QRPs, raising questions about the validity and reproducibility of published criminological research. We found promising levels of OSP use, albeit at levels lagging what researchers endorse. The findings thus suggest that additional reforms are needed to decrease QRP use and increase the use of OSPs.

Consequence of rice land conversion to rice security and peace and order Tabuk city, kalinga, philippines:A root cause analysis

Tabuk City was declared the rice granary of the cordilleras after the city was covered with agricultural irrigation since it was able to produce an aggregate gross production of 1,436,520 cavans per cropping period. By then the entire cordillera regions get their rice supplies in exchange of other goods and their agricultural products.
 But due to unabated illegal conversions that the local government failed to prevent attended by the CLUP that prioritized commercialization over preservation of agricultural lands that allows vast of irrigated lands for re-classification and ultimately converted into other uses the rice production of the city is now dwindling and with a conservative estimate and projection for 20 years from date the city will be needing atleast of 376,332,984 kilos of rice divide by 40 kilos per bag will translate into 9,408,324.6 bags of rice supply with and estimated population increase of 752,352 families by 2040. With this scenario, there will be too much hungry families that in the in the language of criminological science will be the primary driver of criminality.
 Amidst the frustration of farmers to farm brought about by other factors like the
 Rice Tarrification Law by Senator Cynthia Villar (RTL) that makes farm output in the mercy of traders where farmers income goes down to break even or loss due to very high inputs and very low price of outputs contributes to the dwindling production.
 Other factors contributing to the decrease of irrigated land areas is the tongue wetting prices offered by commercial developers, land owners are tempted to sell their properties and either transfer to other nearby areas or personally convert their lands into either residential or commercial areas.
 This study results (data) is intended to be presented to the local city legislators for their consideration. That if there will be no pro-active actions the projected possibilities will make the city hungry.

Migration crime in the Republic of Bashkortostan: features and trends

The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that population migration, being a kind of horizontal mobility process, has both a positive and a negative impact not only on the demographic situation in the country as a whole and its regions, but also on many socio-economic and political processes taking place in them. The migration process and the socio-demographic groups participating in it have become the subject of study by specialists representing various branches of scientific knowledge. This allows, from the methodological point of view, from the standpoint of the ratio of the general and the particular, and at the interdisciplinary level, to study migration as a complex, contradictory, social process with significant latency. One of the problems that has not yet received proper scientific understanding is the impact of migration on the state of the crime situation in the new social environment. The study of this problem, which is the purpose of this article, will not only bring new knowledge to sociological and criminological sciences, but will also contribute to the improvement of migration policy, law enforcement and social work with migrants. The migration process and its participants have a complex structure and differentiation, therefore the research topic can be disclosed taking into account this differentiation, which is impossible to do within the framework of one article. Therefore, the object of analysis in the article is external migrants — foreign citizens and representatives of the CIS countries, and the subject is formed by the crimes committed by them and against them. The analysis also includes crimes related to migration. The empirical basis of the study was the data of demographic and criminal statistics for the period from 2012 to 2020, presented at the levels of Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan. This made it possible to characterize the features, trends in dynamics and the content of the research subject. The established dependence of the external migration process dynamics and crimes committed by its participants should be investigated taking into account the criminogenic component general state of migration and the related possibilities of statistical accounting and sociological research that complements it. In the context of the topic under consideration, an author’s addition to the classification of migrants entering from abroad is proposed.

КРИМІНАЛЬНІ ПРОЦЕСУАЛЬНІ ТА КРИМІНАЛІСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ДОСУДОВОГО... РОЗСЛІДУВАННЯ НАСИЛЬСТВА В СІМ’Ї

The article analyzes the criminal procedural features of conducting a pre-trial investigation of domestic violence through the prism of the norms of domestic legislation that regulate the relevant legal segment, as well as in relation to the existing forms and types of forensic methods of conducting a pre-trial investigation in the specified offenses. The author organized an understanding of the essence and content of the features of the pre-trial investigation of family violence, both from the procedural point of view, which is contained in the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and other criminal procedural legislation, as well as through the prism of the scientific acquisition of the science of criminology, which represents the methodology of the pre-trial investigation investigation of the corresponding type of criminal illegal activity. The purpose of the article is to analyze criminal procedural features and forensic methods of pre-trial investigation of domestic violence. This, in turn, necessitates the solution of such research tasks as: 1. Outline of the terminological component of the topic of the scientific article; 2. Establishing the specifics of conducting a pre-trial investigation of domestic violence and developing ways to optimize the relevant process; 3. Determination of the principles of the forensic methodology of pre-trial investigation of domestic violence and refinement of existing concepts with provisions that optimize the relevant process. The perspective of further scientific development of the relevant topic is the need for a thorough analysis of the international experience of conducting a pre-trial investigation of domestic violence and the development of proposals and recommendations for the implementation of the relevant experience in the legal system of Ukraine.

КРИМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЖЕНСКОЙ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ В РОССИИ

Female crime is always adapted to criminological science and society, which is associated, first of all, with the peculiarity of the social role of women, with the strict moral and moral requirements that are traditionally imputed to her. In addition, a criminological study on a particular type of crime reveals the clearest patterns in its dynamics and formulate targeted measures to minimize and neutralize the determinants that provoke the social and legal phenomenon under consideration. The purpose of this article is to study the peculiarities of modern female crime, the search for the main laws of its development, as well as the causes and conditions of its determinative, effective methods and methods of their elimination. When writing the work, the statistical method was used (when studying and analyzing the statistics of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia), the method of comparative analysis (when studying doctrinal and legal sources, retrospective statistical data), the formal-logical method (when formulating the conclusions of the study), as well as other nationwide and private scientific methods of cognition (deductions, induction, etc.). In the course of the study, conclusions are drawn regarding the state and dynamics of modern female crime in Russia, its distinctive features, and ways to prevent the crime being studied.

Research on juvenile delinquency in modern Russia

In this article, the developed matrix of criminologically significant information is proposed. This matrix reflects the content, structure, and methodology of the study of juvenile delinquency. The described criminological heptagonal matrix is a fairly complete structure of in formation significant for criminological science, which is implemented for the purpose of gaining the most in-depth knowledge of the modern features of juvenile delinquency. The interrelated elements of this matrix are also proposed in this work. Special attention is paid to the area of conducting, on a planned basis, criminological monitoring of juvenile delinquency. It is noted that criminological monitoring has previously been the subject of research by other authors. It is emphasized that conducting criminological monitoring of juvenile delinquency will allow for a “cross-cutting” study of this type of crime, and develop adequate, modern approaches to its prevention. The author provides the results of research on the attitude of citizens to the Internet space. A separate role is assigned to the theory of intersectionality (the theory of intersections of social spheres). The conclusion is substantiated that, based on the fact that the world of modern juveniles is structured, the application of this theory becomes an important element of cognition, study, and identification of the mutual influence of such social spheres as the real (offline) social sphere, virtual (online) social sphere with the identity of a juvenile.

Рецензия на монографию «Антикоррупционные меры безопасности» (Е.А. Акунченко, С.П. Басалаева, М.А. Волкова [и др.]; под ред. Н.В. Щедрина, И.А. Дамм. Красноярск, 2020. 430 с.)

The collective monograph ‘Anti-corruption security measures’ is being reviewed. It is noted that the study was carried out on the basis of the current state of legal regulation of the fight against corruption, the tasks of anti-corruption security were determined, well-founded conclusions and recommendations were formulated for creating a system of measures for such security. The study of anti-corruption security measures is relevant for the development of the science of criminal law and criminology, as well as the sciences of related fields of knowledge. Scientific ideas, analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice can be useful for further scientific research on anti-corruption measures, in rule-making activities in order to prevent corruption in the life of society and the state.

Пробелы в вузовской криминологической науке

Purpose. To offer the reader the most relevant directions of research and development for criminological science and practice in very specific conditions of a higher educational institution, which, for a number of objective and subjective reasons, has become one of the most important institutions where criminological science can develop with sufficient efficiency. Methodology: dialectics, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis. comparative legal and formal logical methods. Conclusions. 1. The current institutional mechanism for conducting criminological research and development in the Russian Federation (individual research, departmental criminological science of law enforcement bodies, criminology at universities) is quite intensive, but not quite always, with sufficient grounds, it changes. Moreover, without proper methodological and other necessary support. 2. The overwhelming majority of criminologists are currently combining educational and scientific work, which, without proper organizational and managerial adjustments, reduces the efficiency of their scientific and pedagogical activities. 3. For all the shortcomings of the university criminological science, there are also a number of its indisputable advantages (preferential planning from below, greater efficiency, maximum interest of the author in the implementation of the results obtained in practice). Scientific and practical significance. University criminological science, with its proper organization and self-organization, is most effective in comparison with other types of scientific research. This efficiency is both economic, political and organizational in nature, both in terms of social order and the assessment of the results obtained.

CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERSONALITY OF JUVENILE CRIMINAL WHO COMMITTED SECOND CRIME

The article presents detailed criminological characteristics of the personality of juvenile criminal who committed second crime. The authors reveal the socio-demographic, psychological and other features of such personality, as well as the opinions and approaches to the issues under consideration in the Russian criminological science

Проблемы классификации современного терроризма

The article is devoted to the consideration of such a phenomenon as modern terrorism and the problem of its classification. For today, domestic and foreign scientists and practicians have proposed numerous options for classifying terrorism, some of which will be considered in this study. In particular, an analysis of the classifications of terrorism will be carried out, proposed by doctors of law, professors V.V. Luneev, Yu.M. Antonyan and S.U. Dikaev, doctor of philosophy V.V. Kaftan and other Russian scientists, as well as a representative of foreign science - the American psychologist J. Post. In the explored types of classifications, the most successful and universal ones were allotted, as well as those that are due to their novelty and non-standard approach of interest. At the same time, a number of disadvantages were identified not to let to recognize many classifications as universal and appropriate to the norms of criminal law. The article also pays special attention to the mistakes made by members of the public and the mass media, highlighting such types of terrorism that do not take place either in reality or in the theory of legal science. Based on the analysis of existing classifications, the authors proposed the most acceptable options from the point of view of the science of criminal law and criminology, accounting the trends of modern terrorism.

Предупреждение вовлечения несовершеннолетних в незаконный оборот наркотических средств, психотропных веществ или их аналогов – предмет криминологического исследования молодых учёных

At the meeting of the dissertation Council D 203.017.02, created on the basis of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, on March 5 of 2020, Kuzina Lyubov Sergeevna defended her dissertation on the topic: «Prevention of involvement of minors in illegal trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues», submitted for the degree of candidate of legal Sciences in the specialty 12.00.08 – criminal law and criminology; criminal enforcement law. The dissertation Council, which met under the chairmanship of doctor of law, Professor A. V. Simonenko, unanimously decided that L. S. Kuzina’s dissertation is a scientific qualification work that is essential for the science of criminology and meets the requirements of the Regulations on awarding academic degrees, as well as on awarding L. S. Kuzina the degree of candidate of law in the specialty 12.00.08.