Immigration And Crime Research Articles

The Immigration–Crime Nexus: Inner and Outer Containment Buffer or A Push Toward Delinquency

The ongoing debate over the immigration–crime nexus has continued to attract a wide range of research efforts in the criminal justice field. To build on these initiatives, this study not only examines the relationship between immigrants and adolescent crime but also explores attributes derived from containment effects that may contribute to or shield individuals from deviant behavior in America. Results showed that both immigrant and native-born adolescents share similar external attributes rather than internal traits that affect delinquency. For instance, inherent immigration status and identity is relatively more influential on self-reported substance problems among immigrant youth compared to their native-born counterparts. Interestingly, among external attributes, immigrant and native-born adolescents are responsive to legitimate opportunity and neighborhood order in different ways which thrust them into different deviant pathways.

Криминальное поведение в контексте миграционных процессов

Migration processes have a decisive role for the modern development of Russia, since migration has an extremely negative impact on the socioeconomic spheres of life and significantly aggravates the crime situation. In particular, the influx of illegal immigration stimulates the underground economy and limits the possibility of replenishing the state budget. The illegal component of migration processes has turned into a well-established criminal business with a developed structure, as well as the development of an “economic economy” with many participants and a large turnover of funds. The criminal activity of immigration crime has a significant impact on criminological security in the country and aggravates the criminogenic situation as a whole. Without eliminating the criminal impact, it is impossible to improve its demographic and socio-economic situation. In this regard, the study of the nature of offenses in the context of migration processes is timely and justified.

Media coverage and local cooperation in immigration enforcement

ABSTRACT Public concern about immigrant criminality in the U.S. is reflected in news coverage of immigration, which tends to associate the topic with ‘illegality’ and crime. Although these media characterizations have increased in recent years as local policy action on immigration has intensified, little research has examined whether or how these two phenomena are connected. This study assesses whether local television news coverage of immigration and crime increases the likelihood of county sheriffs adopting 287(g) agreements deputizing officers to enforce immigration law. Employing fixed effect logistic regressions, this study finds that sheriffs’ departments in counties exposed to more news coverage of immigration and crime are more likely to adopt 287(g) agreements. These increases are particularly pronounced in counties with Republican sheriffs as well as areas experiencing above-average immigrant population growth, suggesting that news media may act as an external, politicizing agent that turns seemingly innocuous demographic changes into events that warrant punitive policy action. These findings position news media as an important context of immigrant reception that can trigger threatened responses in local immigration policy.

Immigration and Crime: Is the Relationship Nonlinear?

Abstract Research finds that immigration and crime are not related across neighbourhoods, contrary to social disorganization theory and consistent with the immigration revitalization thesis. This research, however, is largely silent as to any possible nonlinear effects. Yet social theory offers sound reasons for why the immigration–crime association may be nonlinear; explanations, including immigrant/ethnic enclave theory and immigrant victimization theory, underscore potential concentration effects—albeit in different ways. Using a novel dataset with information on crime in over 15,000 neighbourhoods across a diverse range of US cities, we examine whether or not the immigration–crime association is nonlinear. We find that for both violent and property crime, a nonlinear relationship best captures the relationship. In additional analyses, we determine the theoretical perspective with which the findings are most consistent.

Disclosure of perpetrator origin in crime news: Changing practices in journalism after populist accusations?

If news reports on crime disclose the ethnic or national origin of suspects or perpetrators, severe consequences for audience stereotypes and public policy may arise. Thus, many professional codices advise journalists to limit origin disclosure to rare exceptions. Right-wing populists have, however, accused news media of obfuscating the ‘true dimension’ of immigrant crime. Conducting a content analysis of N = 10,943 crime reports released between 2013 and 2021 by 10 German newspapers, we investigated how journalists reacted to such attempted political influence. Findings show a massively increased frequency of news reports that included explicit or implicit cues to suspects’ or perpetrators’ origin, with a peak in 2018 and a subsequent decline in 2021. We interpret the results as a time-dependent effect of populist anti-media agitation that emerged after a large immigration wave to Germany in 2015 and 2016 but lost much of its impact a few years later, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for journalism theory and ethics are discussed.

Anti-Muslim Voting and Media Coverage of Immigrant Crimes

Abstract We study how news coverage of immigrant criminality impacts voting in one of the most controversial referendums in recent years—the 2009 Swiss minaret ban. We combine a comprehensive crime detection data set with detailed information on newspaper coverage. We first document a large upward distortion in media reporting of immigrant crime during the prereferendum period. Exploiting quasi-random variations in crime incidence, we find a positive first-order effect of news coverage on support for the ban. Our quantification shows that, in absence of the media bias, the pro-ban vote would have decreased from 57.6% to 53.5% at the national level.

When Victims of Modern Slavery Became Offenders: The Unravelling of the UK’s Modern Slavery Agenda

ABSTRACT While victims of trafficking who commit crimes have a defense in law in England and Wales, this has not been without controversy in the courts and is increasingly threatened in practice as British government ministers heap suspicion on those formally seeking recognition as victims of modern slavery. In the first part of this article, we review recent criminal cases decided by the Court of Appeal in England and Wales to explore why it is that some victims of trafficking break the law. These cases reveal the impossible choices that constitute the nexus of circumstances that lead victims to offend. In the second part of this article, we examine the cases of three people convicted of modern slavery and allied immigration crimes that are excluded from the statutory defense in English and Welsh law to show how morally comprehensible the commission of serious crimes can be in the aftermath of exploitation, destitution and trauma. We conclude by urging academics and activists in the modern slavery field to be vocal about how few victims fit their stereotypes and to help articulate the irreconcilably difficult choices that explain why some break the law in immigration contexts that are overtly hostile toward them.

MARINE SECURITY MODEL IN THE EFFORTS TO PREVENT CRIMINAL ACTS IN ACEH

Geographically, Indonesia occupies a strategically significant position at the crossroads of two oceans and two continents, so that Indonesia's maritime territory becomes a a crucial maritime route for global trade and national and international shipping traffic. However, it is also an area that is very vulnerable to maritime crimes, especially in the Aceh region. In terms of maritime security in Indonesia, many agencies have duties in the security sector, where each agency has its own legal basis for carrying out its duties, functions, and authority. The objective of this research is to elucidate the maritime security model of Aceh to prevent criminal acts at sea. This research was carried out using the method of normative juridical approaches and empirical juridical approaches. Research data consists of primary data and secondary data. The results of the research found that currently Aceh is included in the state border area with other countries directly from the sea route which should become special concern to the Central Government for several reasons, namely; based on data from the last 6 (six) years (2018-2023), 7 (seven) maritime crime cases have been recorded, these cases occurred in the legal jurisdiction of Lhokseumawe City, 11 (eleven) criminal cases in the waters of East Aceh included criminal acts of narcotics smuggling, goods smuggling and human trafficking; and In Sabang, there are 7 (seven) cases including fisheries crimes, shipping crimes and immigration crimes. Therefore, the author offers a maritime security model to prevent criminal acts in the Sea of Aceh, namely the Triangle security system, it is the maritime security triangle involving the Police, especially Polairud as a fundamental institution, then assisted by other law enforcement officers such as TNI AL, Bakamla, BNN, Customs and Excise Department and Immigration as an added institution, as well as the role of society is really needed. It is recommended that the government, both central/regional, pay more attention to the conditions of areas directly bordering sea routes so that regencies or cities can understand state border management strategies and regional governments also prepare plans and budgets for cities or regencies to be able to manage their territories independently.Keywords: Policy, Border Areas, Criminal act at sea.

Anti-Immigrant Rhetoric and ICE Reporting Interest: Evidence from a Large-Scale Study of Web Search Data

Abstract This paper studies whether media cues can motivate interest in reporting suspected unauthorized immigrants to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Using web search data and automated content analysis of cable news transcripts, we examine the role of media coverage on searches for how to report immigrants to ICE and searches about immigrant crime and welfare dependency. We find significant and persistent increases in news segments on crime by after Trump's inauguration, accompanied by a sharp increase in searches for how to report immigrants. We find a strong association between daily reporting searches and immigration and crime coverage. Using searches during broadcasts of presidential speeches, we isolate the specific effect of anti-immigrant media coverage on searches for how to report immigrants to ICE. The findings indicate that the media's choices regarding the coverage of immigrants can have a strong impact on the public's interest in behaviour that directly harms immigrants.

Protecting Our (White) Daughters: U.S. Immigration and Benevolent Sexism

AbstractTo advocate for restrictive immigration policies, conservative U.S. politicians have advanced a narrative that Latino immigrants commit violent crimes against White women. This framing of immigrant threat builds on a long history of similar anti-Black discourse and activates racialized ideas about protecting femininity. I demonstrate how the identities of purported victims of immigrant crime connect attitudes about immigration with benevolent sexism—a superficially positive, protective attitude toward particular types of women. An original survey experiment shows that benevolent sexism is activated when victims of immigrant crime are White women. Using nationally representative survey data, I show that the benevolent face of sexism has a notable impact on the immigration attitudes of White Americans, particularly when it comes to the protectionist policy of policing of the U.S.-Mexico border.

Penegakan Hukum Keimigrasian Tenaga Kerja Asing Yang Non Prosedural

Introduction: The entry of non-procedural foreign workers causes problems in destination countries, including Indonesia.Purposes of the Research: Aims to identify and analyze the implementation of visa-free in Indonesia according to immigration law and to identify and analyze forms of immigration law enforcement for non-procedural foreign workers.Methods of the Research: This research uses a normative juridical method with primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials used in the research. The collection technique is carried out through literature studies in the form of scientific works and literature and others.Results of the Research: The research results show that the visa-free policy implemented by the Indonesian government is regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 21 of 2016 concerning Visa-Free. However, in practice, foreigners who enter Indonesia often violate the terms of the visa-free visit by working without permission. So deported by forced repatriation of foreign workers to their countries of origin. Whereas for foreign workers who commit immigration crimes, Pro Justisia's actions go through a protection process in the form of criminal acts for immigration crimes for non-procedural foreign workers

Bridging immigrant crime, acculturation, and the life course: a broader perspective

Research generally supports that immigrants engage in less crime than the native-born; however, theory behind the immigrant-crime link has a foundation largely rooted in assimilationism. While this offers valuable insight, an immigrant-centered perspective focusing on individuals and crime has yet to be offered. We position the life course as a valuable lens to understand how immigrant socialization, largely informed by acculturation, serves to protect against—though in some cases exacerbate—the risk of criminal offending. Building off prior perspectives in the life course tradition, we offer that the immigrant-crime link may be explained through a life course lens by emphasizing how acculturation works with six concepts: linked lives (i.e., social linkages), time and place, life-stage, situational imperatives, agency, and accentuation.

ANALISIS PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KEMIGRASIAN TIDAK DAPAT MENUNJUKKAN DOKUMEN PERJALANAN DI INDONESIA

Immigration crimes are acts of deviation and violations in the immigration sector where these deviations and violations in the immigration sector can be prosecuted through immigration action or through the judicial process. One form of criminal violation in the immigration sector as mentioned above is the crime of misuse of a residence permit without being able to show travel documents in Indonesia. The results of the research are the factors that cause the immigration crime of not being able to show travel documents/residence permits in Indonesia, including legal substance factors, legal structure factors, and legal culture factors. Law enforcement efforts carried out by the TPI Bandar Lampung Class I Immigration Office against perpetrators of immigration crimes who cannot show travel documents/residence permits in Indonesia can be carried out through Immigration Administrative Actions (actions without the application of criminal sanctions) and Pro Justiciary Actions (judicial processes). The responsibility for perpetrators of migration crimes who cannot show travel documents in Indonesia is in accordance with Decision Number: 05/PID.R/2018/PN.Tjk, namely that the perpetrator must be held accountable for his actions because he cannot show travel documents with a fine of Rp. 1,000,000,- (one million rupiah), subidair imprisonment for 7 (seven) days. The advice given is that it is necessary to increase the number of Immigration PPNS to monitor the presence of foreigners in Lampung Province and increase public legal awareness regarding indications of residence permit violations committed by foreign nationals in the Lampung Province area.

Border Abolitionism

AbstractThis article proposes border abolitionism as both a political and an analytical framework for deepening critiques of border, migration, and asylum regimes worldwide. Abolitionist perspectives have been associated primarily with questions of criminalization and mass incarceration and thus articulated as a project of prison abolitionism. Importantly, migrant detention and deportation comprise another major pillar of the entrenchment of the carceral state. While critical migration scholarship and No Borders activism have been confronted with the increasing criminalization of immigration and a more general punitive turn in immigration enforcement, engagements with carceral abolitionist perspectives have largely been quite recent. Seemingly disparate struggles increasingly bring into sharper focus a multifaceted critique of what we call the confinement continuum. Not reducible to detention in migrant jails, the confinement continuum is the nexus of heterogeneous modes of confinement that migrants experience, from the fundamental condition of being stuck or trapped in a border zone to the consequent forms of border violence, as well as other forms of coercion that characterize the more general racialized sociopolitical condition of migrant subordination far beyond any physical border site and encompassing the full spectrum of migrant everyday life. Thus, migrants’ and refugees’ struggles and demands exceed a narrow focus on borders alone and frequently enact an incipient politics of abolitionism: migrants and refugees challenge the interlocking bordering mechanisms affecting them while always also repudiating and resisting the biopolitical constrictions that confine them to degraded conditions of life and articulating broader claims for social justice and visions of new and better ways of life.

Real-World Developments Predict Immigration News in Right-Wing Media: Evidence from Germany

ABSTRACT Exclusionist positions on immigration have become a key component of right-wing ideology in most countries around the world. Combining group threat and news values theory, this study sheds light on the emergence of right-wing discourses on immigration based on one of Germany’s most influential right-wing print outlets. I employ supervised and unsupervised machine-learning methods on almost 54,000 articles published between 1998 and 2019 to test whether real-world conditions shape immigration news. Results show that reporting on immigration generally increased over time and peaked during the refugee inflow in 2015/16. Immigration numbers, foreigner crime rates, and Jihadist terror attacks predict the salience of the immigration issue in the overall news as well as discursive shifts within immigration news. During times of high immigration, articles were more likely to address topics related to deportation and closing borders or the criminalization of immigration. Terrorism was more present in immigration news after attacks, especially after attacks in Germany. Foreigner crime did not significantly increase reporting on crime in immigration news. In short, right-wing immigration discourses seem responsive to real-world developments and events that enable exclusionary rhetoric and a threatening portrayal of immigrants.

Is Cross-Group Friendship Related to Less Perceived Criminal Threat of Immigrants and Less Negative Attitudes Toward Immigrants to the United States?

In recent years, the U.S. public has become increasingly concerned about the immigration issue. Criminological research and group threat theory suggest that harsh immigration policy preferences may be driven by perceived criminal threat of immigrants. More research is needed to understand how to reduce perceived immigrant criminality and negative attitudes toward immigrants. Using intergroup contact theory and an American adult sample ( N = 1,037), the current study tests if cross-group friendship with foreign-born immigrants may reduce negative immigration attitudes both directly, and indirectly by lowering perceived criminal threat of immigrants. Results from regression analyses showed that perceived criminal threat was positively related to negative immigration attitudes. Cross-group friendship was directly related to less perceived criminal threat and less negative immigration attitudes. However, results from mediation analyses showed that cross-group friendship did not further reduce negative immigration attitudes indirectly via lowered perceived criminal threat. The results highlight the importance of meaningful cross-group friendship in mitigating negative immigrant perceptions and call for future research to further investigate ways to correct criminal typification of immigrants.

Legal Analysis of Immigration Detention Efforts in Immigration Criminal Enforcement

This study aims to analyze the legal arrangements for immigration detention efforts in law enforcement of immigration crimes. This research was conducted using empirical research methods conducted in Makassar Immigration Office Class I TPI. Data collection techniques through interviews and literature studies. The data collected is processed and analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques and presented descriptively. The results of this study indicate that: Implementation of immigration detention efforts in law enforcement of immigration crimes is basically set on Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration, Government Regulation Number 31 of 2013 concerning Implementing Regulation of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration and Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 39 of 2021 concerning Immigration Crime Investigation Procedures.

Illuminating the Immigration–Crime Nexus: A Test of the Immigration Revitalization Perspective

Research shows that immigration is often associated with less crime. Yet, what remains unclear is why this is the case. The primary explanation for why immigration reduces crime, according to scholars, is the immigration revitalization thesis. This perspective argues that immigration revitalizes communities by promoting local business growth, bolstering social ties, and enhancing conventional institutions (e.g., churches, voluntary organizations), which then reduce crime. These ideas, however, have never been tested. Using longitudinal data from 139 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) between 2000 and 2019, we examine whether the relationship between immigration and violent crime is mediated by changes in the percentage of households headed by married couples, number of ethnic businesses, and/or number of immigrant/ethnic-oriented organizations. The results from the generalized structural equation models (GSEM) and mediation tests offer some support for the immigration revitalization perspective.

Pemaksimalan Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Keimigrasian oleh PPNS (Studi Kasus Pt. Atrinco Mulia Sejati)

This study aims to find out the application of criminal investigations against corporations and the impact resulting from the implementation of immigration criminal investigations against corporations. The method used is normative-empirical and further deepened through the collection and processing of qualitative data. The results of this study indicate that PT. Atrinco Mulia Sejati was proven to have committed an immigration crime, namely he was unable to carry out his obligations as a guarantor and in decision No. 397/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Jkt.Ut sentenced Risnawati as a representative of PT. Atrinco Mulia Sejati and no other crimes were imposed apart from the corporation. In addition, there is an impact arising from the decision. Every court decision issued regarding an immigration crime can have a deterrent effect on perpetrators of criminal acts and prevent or suppress the possibility of the same crime being committed again, either by the same or a different subject. However, if you look at the facts on the ground, there are still forms of immigration violations committed by foreigners and the guarantor who guarantees the foreigner while in Indonesia does not know who the guaranteed foreigner is.

Stuck in the Middle: Crimmigration and the Asian American Community

“Crimmigration,” coined in 2006 by Professor Juliet Stumpf, refers to the merging ofcriminal and immigration law in the United States, particularly after 1980. Crimmigrationincludes both immigration-related punishments for non-American citizens convicted of crimesand immigration enforcement’s growing resemblance to criminal law enforcement. This paperexplores the historical development of crimmigration through laws such as the 1996Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act and Illegal Immigration Reform and ImmigrantResponsibility Act, as well as the massive expansion in ICE detention in recent decades. Itargues that Asian Americans have been disproportionately impacted by crimmigration due totheir historical marginalization at the intersection of non-citizen status, poverty, and violence.“Stuck in the middle” of the criminalization of immigration and unjust punishment ofimmigrants with criminal convictions, Asian American communities are uniquely impacted by acrimmigration system that marginalizes those seen as foreign and “other.”