Criminal Purposes Research Articles

Информационно-телекоммуникационные технологии – современная реальность преступности

The presented article examines the current state of crime in the field of information and telecommunication technologies, taking into account the new direction of the development of crime. Afteranalyzing foreign and Russian data, the authors emphasize that the information space has become one of the most common areas in the use of the COVID-19 virus pandemic to commit various crimes. Separately, this article examines the landscape of threats of crimes in the field of information and telecommunication technologies during the COVID-1 pandemic, and also analyzes the practice of detecting crimes under Art. 158, 159, 159.3, 159.6, 228.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for federal districts. The authors argue that the pandemic has significantly changed the nature and intensity of all crime, but the sphere of information and telecommunications technologies has undergone the greatest criminalization, which is reflected in crime statistics. In conclusion, the authors conclude that COVID-19 will be a turning point in changing the face of crime, as well as measures to combat crime in this particular area of relations. It points to the initiative of Russia within the framework of the UN to develop a comprehensive international convention on countering the use of information and telecommunication technologies for criminal purposes.

CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY

Abstract The evolution perspective that place person, not the only one criminal law subject, but also corporations, has ignored the principle “Universitas delinquent non potest” which has been used as a reason that corporations that commit the crime cannot be stated as perpetrators of crime, and shift into perspective that corporations can be stated as criminal law subject. Indonesia has recognized corporations as perpetrators of crime. This can be proven by the existence of corporate arrangements as perpetrators of criminal acts in various laws and regulations in Indonesia outside the Criminal Code. However, despite the recognition that corporations are subject to criminal law, in reality, we see that there are still many criminal acts involving corporations that do not direct corporations to become suspects in the judicial process. This would be a problem for law enforcement in Indonesia. With the recognition of the corporation as the subject of a criminal act, then it is important to criminalize not only the board but also related corporations. If corporate not addressed as criminal, therefore, the purpose of punishment will be different if the criminal is only addressed to administrators but not to the corporation. In general, the charging of criminal is the purpose as a deterrent effect against the corporation who committed the crime and also, also as an effort to prevent the criminal act is not performed by the other corporations. Associated with given criminal purposes, if only the criminal responsibility on the corporate board of sentencing objectives to be achieved will be difficult to achieve. It would be important to not only penalize the corporate board but also still penalize the corporation concernedKeywords: Corporate, criminal liability, criminal

THE PHENOMENON OF CYBERCRIME: FROM THE TRANSNATIONAL CONNOTATION TO THE NEED FOR GLOBALIZATION OF JUSTICE

Information technology has brought about epochal changes in every area of society, offering opportunities for development on a social, cultural, and economic level, but also a fertile ground for activities with criminal purposes that take place in cyberspace. The threat present in the intangible world of cyberspace is extremely concrete and is one of the major sources of concern and investment by States, given that the Internet is considered the critical infrastructure for excellence. Cybercrime, characterized by a transnational connotation of borderless or aspatial crime, provides a position of advantage to the cybercriminal compared to the traditional criminal. The development of information technologies has led to the digitization of organized crime which thus succeeds in maximizing profits by exploiting the opportunities offered by new communication technologies and minimizing the risk of being identified, arrested, convicted and of suffering the seizure of the proceeds of criminal activities. Considering the contradictory and inhomogeneous international legal framework due to the transnational scope of cybercrime, the identification of the locus commissi delicti is difficult and the legal prosecution of cybercrimes is complex; therefore, cybercriminals could operate without an adequate response from some states in terms of prevention, sanction, containment and contrast. The sovereignty of States, in the context of cybercrime repression, is identified as an insurmountable obstacle in the creation of a supranational union of law. Therefore, to put legal operators in the real conditions to suppress transnational cybercrime, globalization of justice is needed.
 
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The Trend of Crimes Committed by Lao Immigrants in Thailand After the Inauguration of ASEAN Community

This research is directly relevant to the ASEAN Political - Security Community (APSC). One of the fundamental visions is particularly associated with combatting transnational crime and international challenges effectively in a timely manner. This study has three objectives as follows; (1) to explore causes and current situation of crime resulting from cross-border migration from Laos to Thailand due to the establishment of ASEAN community, (2) to deeply analyse immigration and crime trends across Thai-Lao borders, and (3) to propose approaches to preventing the immigration from Laos to Thailand for criminal purposes. In-depth interviews were conducted to gather crucial information from key informants, followed by two focus group discussions. However, the trend of crimes committed by Lao immigrants in Thailand after the inauguration of ASEAN community is inconsistent with the hypothesis and public fear of general people who believed that checkpoints for border trade for commodity flows and labour transfers would worsen the issues of drugs and illegal immigration. Research findings indicate that drug-related crime and illegal immigration issues tend to decrease because the opening of ASEAN community allows the Thai and Lao governments to strengthen their international relations. It can be stated that warm diplomatic relations between countries are the main factor contributing to successful prevention for transnational crime.

Использование исторического опыта в решении проблемных вопросов контроля над оборотом оружия

This work is an analysis of methods for solving the problem of illicit trafficking in weapons used in the Russian state during the period of the entire historical development of the institution of the licensing system. Characteristic features of these methods are distinguished and described. The authors traces the formation in the Russian Federation of a licensing system in the field of arms trafficking. Particular attention is focused on the features and effectiveness of legal regulation of the fight against illicit arms trafficking. The views on the provisions of the current rules of administrative legislation governing the responsibility for violation of the rules of storage, carrying or destruction of weapons and ammunition to it are stated. Also proposed are additions to administrative legislation that, in the opinion of the authors, are capable of reducing the number of cases when civilian weapons become illegal and, as a result, can be used further for criminal purposes.

Безпекові виклики у геополітичному стані сучасного світу як наслідок пандемії COVID-19

According to the geopolitical dimension, the concept of security is ambiguous. Security usually involves protection from external military threats or risks to a state by another state, as well as protection from internal military threats from non-state entities. In recent decades, the traditional concept of security has been completed by other concepts that have expanded the nature of possible threats, joining to the military threats the threat of terrorism, organized crime and diseases, combined with economic, political, social, environmental and biological risks. Accordingly, the list of threats has been revised, in particular for security at the global, national and individual levels.Today, we observe the world’s leading countries struggling to overcome the financial and economic challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end of the twentieth century and in the first twenty years of the twenty-first century the ecological and biological threats and the insidious danger they bring became especially acute. The means of mass destruction include toxic and bacteriological (biological) weapons. The action of the latter is based on the use of pathogenic properties of biological warfare agents – microorganisms that can reproduce in humans, animals and plants and cause mass diseases. The use of infectious agents for base purposes can have not only military but also terrorist and criminal purposes. Therefore, in recent years, the international community has made significant efforts to analyze the effectiveness of compliance with national laws, codes of conduct and ethics, disease surveillance and response, bioprotection and biosecurity. Together with the developed mechanisms of counteraction and security, the development of microbiological and medical technologies, the real challenge of the scale of civilization at the end of 2019 was the spread of the COVID-19 virus.

Концепция цифровых валют центральных банков: основные риски в части соблюдения требований AML («противодействия отмыванию денег») и KYC («знай своего клиента»)

Objective: to research a new financial tool, namely, digital currencies of central banks, to analyze the essence of stablecoins as a new financial tool, and to assess the risks of non-compliance with the AML (“anti-money laundering”) and KYC (“know your customer”) requirements when stablecoins are distributed.Methods: the research used methods of system analysis, dialectical method and its derivatives, methods and principles of determinism, induction, deduction and hypothesis. Functional and statistical methods were used to systematize the obtained data.Results: digital currencies, though rejected by many states, are becoming more and more widely spread. In this regard, the concept of creating state-owned digital currencies is the most discussed one in the global financial community. In some countries, central banks are already testing them. However, their global spread has been impeded by concerns about the possibility of their use for criminal purposes. In the Russian Federation, where the state has currently no established position on the nature of digital financial assets, discussions are also underway on the possibility of creating an interstate digital currency. The article discusses the features and types of stablecoins and their advantages relative to other types of cryptocurrencies. The main advantages of the Central Bank’s digital currency and its application in accounting are considered. According to the study results, the main risks associated with the spread of state digital currencies were clarified.Scientific novelty: for the first time in the Russian legal science, the study evaluates the concept of digital currencies of central banks from the position of key risks that prevent their widespread distribution and implementation. The main risks in the field of countering money laundering and compliance with the KYC principle, which assumes the final beneficiary identification, are shown.Practical significance: the research results presented in the paper can be used to improve the state policy on the legalization of digital financial assets, including state digital currencies.

Digital Forensics in private Seafile Cloud Storage from both client and server side

Nowadays, some people and organisations are unwilling to store their information on public clouds due to security and privacy problems. With increased use of established cloud services by cloud software, it is possible for malicious users to use these services for criminal purposes, so digital forensic investigations of these cloud services are necessary. Seafile cloud storage is one of popular cloud that is free and open source. In this paper, we document a series of digital forensic experiments on Seafile cloud storage service with the aim of providing forensic researchers and practitioners on both the client and server sides of Seafile. Data remnants are checked on client systems in virtual machines which running Windows 10 Home operating system and on a server with Windows Server 2012 R2 operating system. Different circumstances are created for digital forensic examinations. Correspondingly, Seafile client software and multiple browsers are used for interaction with Seafile cloud server.

The Concept of an Innovative Model of Combating Organized Crime: Background and Opportunities

An intensive digitization of all social processes (including criminogenic ones) demanded such a degree of rapidity, effectiveness, efficiency and relevance for the decisions taken by modern states that could not be provided using the dominant model of state policy for combating crime. This new civilizational challenge is especially evident for the problem of counteracting organized crime. The authors conclude that the contemporary model of criminal policy against organized crime, whose main idea is a constant strengthening of liability for organized criminal activities, is undergoing a crisis. An indicator of this crisis is a recent amendment of Art. 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation by a norm that considerably limits criminal prosecution of owners, participants, beneficiaries and managers of judicial persons (or their divisions) for organizing a criminal group or participating in it if the corresponding judicial persons were not originally created with the purpose of committing grave or very grave crimes. The same norm limits criminal prosecution of the above-mentioned categories of physical persons if the latter did not possess direct knowledge of the criminal purposes for which such judicial persons were created. The authors believe that the crisis of the current model of combating organized crime is also proven by a lack of any significant correlation between the changes in the criminal legislation on liability for organized criminal activities during the last 24 years and changes in the intensity of the practice of its enforcement. This conclusion, according to the authors, makes it possible to infer that goals that the lawmakers set while trying to improve the effectiveness of combating organized crime were probably not achieved. The authors claim that the key causes of the unproductive reaction of lawmakers and law enforcers to the growing activities of organized crime, including its influence on the general state of law and order and the economic security of the state, include a selective post factum reaction to the growth of specific manifestations of organized crimes based on the intuitive trial and error approach. The authors suggest using the following ideas for the concept of an innovative model of influencing organized crime: it is necessary to use mathematical modeling of the planned amendments to criminal or other connected legislation and their influence both on the system of legal norms of the amended act and the system of legal norms as a whole, on the practice of law enforcement and criminal activity; the state should react to all the specific reasons for the initiation of criminal cases on organized criminal activities using automated systems of collecting, processing and evaluating information, making predictions of the changes in the intensity of organized criminal behavior; the causes and conditions of specific organized criminal infringements should be revealed and measures should be taken to eliminate them.

A deep learning framework for text-independent writer identification

Handwriting Writer Identification (HWI) refers to the process of handwriting text image analysis to identify the authorship of the documents. It has yielded promising results in various applications, including digital forensics, criminal purposes, exploring the writer of historical documents, etc. The complexity of the text image, especially in images with various handwriting makes the writer identification difficult. In this work, we propose an end-to-end system that relies on a straightforward yet well-designed deep network and very efficient feature extraction, emphasizing feature engineering. Our system is an extended version of ResNet by conjugating deep residual networks and a new traditional yet high-quality handwriting descriptor towards handwriting analysis. Our descriptor analyzes the handwriting thickness as a preliminary and essential feature for human handwriting characteristics. Our approach can also provide text-independent writer identification that we do not need to have the same handwriting content for learning our model. The proposed approach is evaluated and achieved consistent results on four public and well-known datasets of IAM, Firemaker, CVL, and CERUG-EN. We empirically demonstrate that our conjugated network outperforms the original ResNet, and it can work well for real-world applications in which patches with few letters exist.

Law in Ensuring the Safety of Genetic Technologies Against their Use for Criminal Purposes

Genetic technologies offer wide prospects for socio-economic progress. At the same time, their application in practice could put at stake the interests of society, human rights and freedoms. Therefore, the development of genetic technologies requires its analysis from the standpoint of jurisprudence, thoughtful legislative regulation and protection from uncontrolled spread and criminal use. The paper analyzes different points of view on the use of genetic technologies. The author substantiates the necessity of proper legal regulation and security of the process of development of genetic technologies. The paper contains the results of the scientific research. The paper elucidates the problems related to the use of genetic technologies in the process of artificial human reproduction: imperfection of the legal framework (In particular, lack of the definition of the legal status of human embryo, lack of justification for the legality of its use for research and therapeutic purposes), the threat of the use of genetic technologies for criminal purposes. The author concludes that the use of genetic technologies for criminal purposes is especially dangerous because organized criminal groups focus their attention on genetic technologies. This gives rise to a special criminal situation that requires new approaches for effective counteraction. To this end, the priority is given to identification of crimes committed with the use of genetic technologies and analysis of the emerging practice of investigating this category of crimes. Failure to comply with standards, deviation from regulations and procedures imposed on medical care may result in harm to health or death also when the assisted reproductive technologies are used. The author has made some proposals to solve these problems with due regard to domestic and foreign experience in the use of genetic technologies in the field of human artificial reproduction (in particular, it is proposed to establish effective international cooperation in this area).

Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Fuzzy Rule Based Classifier

Fraud detection is an emerging topic of notable importance. Data mining strategies have been applied most considerably to the detection of insurance fraud, monetary fraud and financial fraud. This project will mainly focus on detecting fraudulent credit card transactions. Fraud detection in telecommunication systems, particularly the case of extraordinary imposed fraud, providing an anomaly detection technique supported by way of a signature schema, fraud deals with cases regarding criminal purposes that typically are different to identify, have additionally attracted a a tremendous deal of attention in latest years. The use of credit cards has dramatically increased because of a fast advancement inside the electronic commerce technology. Credit card will become the most popular mode of payment for each on line as properly as ordinary purchase, in instances of fraud related to it are also growing day through day. In this research sequence of operations in credit card transaction processing using a Fuzzy rule based classifier and accuracy is improved in the detection of frauds compared to other algorithms. A Naïve Bayes is initially trained with the everyday behaviour of a card holder. If an incoming credit card transaction is not accepted by the trained version with sufficiently excessive probability, it’s considered to be fraudulent. At the same time, it ensures that true transactions aren’t rejected. Supervised learning requires prior type to anomalies. In this research fuzzy rule primarily based category set of rules used for modelling real world credit card information statistics and detecting the anomaly usage of credit card information’s. Whenever anomaly credit card usage detected the system will capture the anomaly user face and freeze the anomaly user system. Django framework is used for web app creation.

TRANSNATIONAL CRIME AS A THREAT TO THE WORLD COMMUNITY

Transnational crime, unlimited by any barriers of a national or legal level, is currently acquiring the status of a supranational criminal phenomenon. Even though transnational crime harms the development of various countries, the number of which is continuously increasing, there is no clear and effective strategy to counter this type of crime. Transnational crime not only develops together with the world society but also accumulates the latest achievements of a technical and economic, political and other nature for its criminal purposes, which bring this type of crime to a new level. This level is often higher than the capabilities of law enforcement agencies of either a particular country or law enforcement syndicates in several countries. The study of transnational crime is given serious attention in the works of domestic and foreign authors; however, they lack a comprehensive approach that will help to generalize the most significant proposals and conclusions. Thus, it is necessary to study the best practices of various countries that successfully counter international organized crime. This article explores not only the theoretical aspects of transnational crime, reflecting its main features, but also analyzes the reasons for its continual development from the current state of the world community, and also updates the most effective countermeasures. At the same time, the article addresses the problematic aspects of the fight against transnational crime. The goal is achieved by solving the following tasks: - Explore the main approaches to the study of transnational crime both in Russia and abroad; - Identify the most common types of transnational crime that have a negative impact on a significant number of states; - Study the development trends of transnational crime; - Propose several measures aimed at countering transnational crime both in Russia and abroad. The results of the study can be used in developing practical measures to counter transnational crime, in research activities to stimulate discussion on the most problematic issues of transnational crime, in teaching activities in the preparation of lecture and practical material on the subject “Criminology”.

Coping with Complexity in Biological Threat Assessment

Biotechnology and life sciences today transcend borders and involve a wide and growing range of actors in the public and private sector, and they are advancing at a remarkable pace. The more that sophisticated capabilities, including genome editing and gene synthesis, expand around the globe, the greater the risk of misuse. The analysis of such threats is complicated by the dual use nature of bio-technologies and their infrastructures and by the probability of denial and deception strategies to conceal their usage for terrorist or criminal purposes. Threat assessment is an information fusion task which consists of assessing projected future scenarios to determine whether adverse incidents are likely to occur. With regard to biological risks, threat assessment involves obtaining timely, accurate, and relevant intelligence related to the malevolent use of biological agents, and the recognition of existing and future trends and patterns in the evolving threat of biological weapons. These activities encompass the collection and analysis of a multitude of information about potential adversaries and their interest and capabilities in the areas of life sciences and biotechnology, in order to enable decision-makers to anticipate the challenges and to support the development of countermeasures. This article gives a brief overview of the possibilities of using foresight knowledge to assess biological threats. Furthermore, the impact of artificial intelligence and big data analysis on the assessment of bio-threats is outlined.

I2P Forensic Analysis

I2P is an anonymous P2P distributed communication layer used to send messages to each other anonymously and safely. It is built on top of the internet and can be considered as an internet within the internet. Even though I2P is developed with an intention to create censorship resistant environment for the free flow of information, it is misused for illegal activities now a days. The possible misuses are less known among law enforcement agencies and existing industry approved software programs have no detection functionality for I2P. Because of the increased use of I2P in criminal purposes, there is a need for methods and tools to acquire and analyze digital evidence related to I2P. We conducted a detailed live memory dump analysis in order to find out the I2P related artifacts from a host machine. Furthermore, we propose a tool that will analyze the memory dump and system local files to find out the I2P related artifacts and provide a detailed report to the investigator.

The Legal Basis of Countering Cyber-Terrorism in Russia and in Other Countries from the Standpoint of Its Social and Political Dimension

The authors discuss the legal specifics of counteracting cyber-terrorism in Russian and in foreign law at the modern stage of the development of information space. They show that such principles of telecommunication technologies as transparency and accessibility are used by terrorist organizations for criminal purposes. The analysis of foreign legislation shows that legislations of most countries do not have a special crime of cyber-terrorism. At the same time, the use of IT in disseminating terrorist ideology is included in these legislations as an aggravating circumstance. The authors conclude that Russian legal scholars do not currently have a common opinion on adding a new special crime of cyber-terrorism to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. They argue that such amendment of Russian criminal law is not necessary. The authors also single out different features of cyber-terrorism and present its classification that includes a hybrid type and cyber-terrorism proper. In the former case, the Internet is used for terrorist activities: propaganda, recruitment of supporters, their training, radicalization of society, collecting funds and data, connections, planning of actual terrorist attacks. In the latter case, there are direct attacks against cyber-infrastructure with political, religious and ideological purposes. The authors conclude that the dangers of cyber-terrorism as a threat to the whole infrastructure of society are overstated because ordinary cyber-crimes inflict a much greater damage on the economy of any country. However, as these crimes are not coordinated from one center and because of the ideology of extremism, this type of crime cannot strike a social fear comparable with the fears that could be inspired by references to the activities of terrorist organizations. It is shown that in the USA and in Western Europe cyber-terrorism is greatly politically charged, and the society is encouraged to evaluate the threat of cyber-terrorism though the prism of the level of security of each member of this society. Besides, the society is indoctrinated to believe that it is necessary to carry out cyber-attacks against those countries that might pose a threat. In this connection, the authors conclude that a high level of attention to the problem of cyber-terrorism has a prominent ideological and value component.

IEEE Access Special Section: Digital Forensics Through Multimedia Source Inference

With the prevalence of low-cost imaging devices (smartphones, tablets, camcorders, digital cameras, scanners, wearable, and IoT devices), images and videos have become the main modalities of information being exchanged in every walk of life. The ever-increasing convenience of image acquisition has facilitated instant distribution and sharing of multimedia on digital social platforms. In the meantime, powerful multimedia editing tools allow even unskilled people to easily manipulate digital content for malicious or criminal purposes. In all cases where multimedia serves as critical evidence, forensic technologies that help to determine the origin, the authenticity of multimedia sources, and the integrity of multimedia content become essential to forensic investigators. Imaging devices and post-acquisition processing software leave unique “fingerprints” in multimedia content. This allows many challenging problems faced by the multimedia forensics community to be addressed through source inference. Source inference is the task of linking digital content to the source device or platform (e.g., social media such as Facebook) responsible for its creation. It can facilitate applications such as identification and verification of source device and platform, common source inference, content integrity verification, and source-oriented image clustering. It also allows the establishment of digital evidence or the history of multimedia processing steps applied to the content, starting from the acquisition procedure and up to tracking the spread. The recent adoption of multimedia source inference techniques in the law enforcement sector (e.g., U.K. Sussex Police, Guildford Crown Court, and INTERPOL) in real-world criminal cases and child sexual exploitation databases has manifested the significant value of multimedia source inference in the fight against crime. This Special Section in IEEE Access aims to collect a diverse and complementary set of articles that demonstrate new developments and applications in digital forensics through multimedia source inference.

Detective Work of the National Police of Ukraine in the Context of Combating Organized Crime

The presented article describes organized crime as a phenomenon that encroaches on the safety of road freight transport and leads to the disappearance of drivers. Researchers who have studied organized crime and current issues that arise during the establishment of missing persons have been identified. The signs of modern transnational crime, which uses transport corridors and truck drivers for their own criminal purposes, are formulated. It is argued that such crimes can be divided into two groups: those that encroach on the safety of the driver, vehicles or cargo, and those related to the involvement of the driver in criminal activities. The structure and features inherent in international criminal groups are described, their activity in the aspect of the given problems is characterized. Emphasis is placed on quarantine measures imposed by a number of countries due to the COVID-19 virus pandemic. It is noted that transnational criminal groups mainly use Ukrainian citizens living in border regions and may be involved in the illicit trafficking of weapons and drugs to commit such crimes. It is pointed out the need for increased attention of operational units to work out the leaders of the above groups using a comprehensive approach to the conduct of investigative actions and operational and investigative measures. The basic rights of operational units during the search for missing persons are outlined. It is emphasized that the time factor is extremely important for the search for persons. These shortcomings in the work of the National Police of Ukraine in this direction and to improve the situation on the roads outlined the main gaps in the legislation. Drivers carrying out long-distance and international freight transportation were interviewed in order to better understand the issues and develop adequate measures. The obtained results are based on statistical data and practical examples. Ways to optimize work in this area are proposed. The purpose of the study: to substantiate the current issues of investigative work of the National Police in the context of combating organized crime and to identify ways to optimize activities in this area. The methodological basis of the article is a dialectical approach to the analysis of situations of disappearance caused by the activities of organized criminal groups. Methods of formal logic are used in the work: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, abstraction. As well as statistical, system-structural methods and forecasting method. The scientific novelty of the article is that the authors were among the first in Ukraine to make a scientific description of the problems of search work in the context of combating organized crime in the field of freight transport. Conclusions. Organized crime encroaches on the safety of freight transport in Ukraine, which leads to the disappearance of drivers and their involvement in criminal activities. Based on the results obtained in the study, the authors proposed ways to solve a number of problems to optimize work in this area

Problematic issues of identification of a person as the main tool of combating money laundering in the circulation of electronic money

The article investigates some problematic issues concerning identification of persons that perform financial operations as the main way to combat money laundering in the cycle of e-cash. It draws readers’ attention to the speedy development of the Internet technologies that results in the increasing popularity of new payment systems including e-cash. It is emphasized that the advantages provided to some people by the use of e-cash in their economic operations can be used by other persons for certain criminal purposes. In this aspect e-cash has found its extensive application in the grey sector of the world economy and as such requires a more intensive control over its use. The authors of the investigation prove that identification of the persons using payment tools is currently one of the most effective ways to prevent e-cash from being used in illegal activities. International organizations whose purpose is to combat money laundering always recommend different states to improve their mechanisms of the identification of the persons involved in financial operations. The analysis of person’s identification applied to the customers of financial operations proves that the basic mechanism of reliable identification is the list of documents that identify a person being fixed in the national laws. The range of these documents and their quality vary in different countries, thus proving the peculiar features of these states. The issue of the identification of financial operation customers is in Ukraine in the phase of its intense formation. The laws establish only the main documents to identify a person. At the same time, in our opinion, the legislation currently in effect must foresee complete lists of the documents that a bank institution has the right and possibility to ask for with view of person’s identification. Such lists must take into consideration not only average situations but also cases of natural disasters, socio-political changes in the society, presence of the person on the territory of another country, etc. The approval of such lists should allow banking institutions to duly observe the provisions of our national legislation designed to prevent money laundering.

О СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИИ МЕР ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЮ ТЕРРОРИСТАМИ НОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

The article is devoted to the study of measures to counter terrorists use achievement of science and new technologies for criminal purposes. The article reflects the technologies that represent the most significant terrorist threat. It also analyzes and summarizes the existing experience of countering the use of these technologies for terrorist attacks. The article also highlights the main activities aimed at countering cyberterrorism at the international and Federal levels, as well as the most effective forms of prevention of cyberterrorism in the region. Based on the study, the author made a number of conclusions and proposals of theoretical and practical importance.