Crime Problem Research Articles

Burying the head in the sand a bit deeper?

This article follows from the 2022 publication of a book by the same author on financial malpractices in the world of professional football, titled Ostrageous. As the title suggests, that book both covered the outrageous business patterns and habits – and the associated financial crime risks – that have manifested themselves in this line of industry and our inclination to turn a blind eye to these developments (portrayed by the image of the ostrich). The article focusses on the aftermath of the publication of the book and addresses the main reasons why the image of the ostrich has turned out to be even more powerful than the author thought at first sight. While the book has led to a vivid debate in the academic world on the future of professional football, the professional football industry itself remained reluctant in accepting invitations to discuss the crime problems in the sector more in depth. In the second part of the article, the author suggests some strategies that may contribute in making the market of European professional football more receptive to a constructive debate about the astronomical transfer fees, the ease in which extremely wealthy investors can buy their way into clubs, the schemes used to evade tax or launder illegal assets, and a number of other structural problems facing the industry.

The Garrison and the Jamaican State: A Model for Co-optation

The informal system that is present in communities called garrisons in Jamaica often operate outside of the law. Under the leadership of dons, who were initially appointed to carry out the dictates of politicians, the operations of the garrison accounts for approximately 40% of Jamaica’s homicide and is perceived as a socially disorganized space. Research done on these communities suggests that dismantling these communities will ameliorate the high incidence of crime. The main question of this study is, are these communities socially disorganized spaces? The major argument is, the ineptitude of the Jamaican state has resulted in the institution of various mechanisms by non-state actors within these communities to address their justice concerns, and there is an implicit reliance on their services by the Jamaican state. The problem of crime in Jamaica is complex and requires a multi-dimensional approach to addressing the issue. In this paper, I use a Foucauldian lens to highlight the utility of this instituted informal system and suggest that any strategies geared towards addressing crime and violence that occur in these communities should explore coalescing these informal structures into Jamaica’s formal framework.

Book Review: Policing Gun Violence: Strategic Reforms for Controlling Our Most Pressing Crime Problem by Anthony A. Braga & Philip J. Cook

Book Review: <i>Policing Gun Violence: Strategic Reforms for Controlling Our Most Pressing Crime Problem</i> by Anthony A. Braga &amp; Philip J. Cook

Звільнення від кримінальної відповідальності за кримінальним процесуальним правом

This research article discusses problem of crime in contemporary Ukrainian society and ways to address it through the application of alternative responses to criminal offenses, particularly exemption from criminal liability, are considered. The mechanisms and practical aspects of applying this institution in Ukrainian criminal procedural law are analyzed. This article pays special attention to the role of various subjects of the criminal process, such as the court, the prosecutor, the victim and the suspect, in making a decision on exemption from criminal liability. Contemporary trends in improving legislation and the practice of applying alternative forms of response to crime are highlighted, aiming to ensure a more effective and humane judiciary and legal system. In today’s Ukrainian society, the problem of crime remains one of the most pressing and acute. Despite constant changes in society, development of the legal system and improvement of criminal procedure, crime continues to accompany the existence and development of humanity. Crime is one of the most pressing problems for every individual and for modern society as a whole. The problem of effective prevention of this phenomenon is the subject of constant attention of legislators and social and political activities, which requires constant improvement and coordination. Criminal liability is one of the tools to combat crime. However, in connection with the humanization and reform of the legal system, the issue of alternative forms of response to criminal offenses, in particular, exemption from criminal liability, is relevant. Thus, there is a need to study the mechanisms and practical aspects of application of this institution in Ukrainian criminal procedure law.

Size isn't everything: Understanding the relationship between police workforce and crime problems

If and how policing affects crime has long been studied. On the relationship between police force size and crime, different authors come to different conclusions. This study examines the relationship between police resourcing, including workforce size, structure and stability over time using data for 42 police forces in the UK over a 13-year period.We construct two novel panel datasets. The first comprises measures of police workforce Size, Structure and Stability. The second provides measures of both crime frequency and crime severity. Issues of endogeneity make the modelling of the police-crime association complicated. Consequently, we analyse the data using a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model which is capable of forecasting a temporal sequence of the interdependencies between police-crime relationships.Changes in total police personnel play an important role in reducing both crime frequency and severity, but the findings are more nuanced than this. Results highlight that the structure and stability of police organisations are important although these impacts are not always the same for crime volume and crime severity. We find that increases in frontline (non-sworn) support staff are associated with reductions in crime, while turnover rates of police staff are associated with increases in crime. In contrast, changes to the number of sworn police officers do not appear to be a good predictor of crime volume.The findings suggest that investment in frontline support staff and the development of strategies to retain skills and knowledge by reducing staff turnover may be efficient approaches for Police Forces to maximise the impact on crime of their workforce in resource-pressed policing settings. While previous research has found that police force size has a limited effect on crime, our findings indicate that more nuanced measurements of police resourcing are necessary to understand how police impact upon crime risk. The idea of police forces using basic officer-to-population ratios to make staffing decisions appears outdated and over-simplistic.

ECONOMIC CRIME IN THE FIELD OF REAL ESTATE

The scientific article is devoted to a comprehensive study of criminal law issues of economic crime in the field of real estate. The research paper examines a range of theoretical and practical issues of economic crime prevention and substantiates a number of provisions and conclusions that are new in conceptual terms and are important for legal science and law enforcement practice. The article proves that each state has a system of measures that protect each individual and society as a whole from offenders and restore justice. Insufficient research into the problems of economic crime and the validity of measures to prevent it has an extremely negative impact on the economic sphere of the state. The urgency of the problem is also growing due to the long-overdue need to improve the legal acts regulating the prevention of economic crime. A study of the state and trends of economic crimes has shown a sharp increase in their number under martial law, especially serious crimes. The article establishes that a significant part of economic crime is latent crime, the main reasons for which are the reluctance of the victims (mostly due to circumstances beyond their control) and, in most cases, the inability to report a crime committed against them, mainly in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. The authors studies and characterises two main levels of prevention of economic crime: general social and special criminological.

A general problem-solving matrix (GPSM): combining crime prevention and public health tools

Crime involves different individuals interacting in complex social and physical settings. Often, crime problem solvers reach for a common generic response, when they need to consider a number of possible solutions. Thinking tools can help. In this article, we show how uniting an injury prevention tool—the Haddon Matrix used widely in public health—and a crime prevention tool—the crime problem triangle used widely in policing—can provide guidance to crime problem solvers. We call our hybrid the General Problem-Solving Matrix (GPSM). We apply GPSM to rape and burglary to illustrates its features. We conclude the article by examining the alternative versions of GPSM in crime prevention.

Barbarous Crimes in the 21st Century in Nigeria: The Position of Nigerian Legal Constitution on the Menace

The rate by which crimes and atrocities are committed by the Nigerians especially since the inception of the 21st century is soundly alarming and gradually affecting the peaceful coexistence in Nigeria. It is pathetic that the menace is almost put the youths into misbehavior in the attempt at pursing their livelihood or become rich in life. Based on this background, this paper attempts at dilating the issue of criminals being committed which having to do barbarous crimes that are rampant among Nigerians. Crimes such as homicide, banditry/kidnappings, human trafficking, human rituals/sacrifices, armed robbery, cybercrimes/yahoo, are discussed in this paper. Equally, we dilate on the position Nigerian legal constitution on these crimes. In the course of findings, there is discovery that the menace or crime is increasing in Nigeria society, and the major problem that constitute to it in Nigeria has to do poverty, unemployment, drug abuse, avarice, as well as improper implementation of law etc.. The method applied in this research is quantitative research design. This method deals with discussing the issue in convergent reasoning in a spontaneous way and free flowing manner rather than divergent reasoning. The research makes use of law books, journals, and some other materials on crimes. The paper concludes that a lot of factors are contributed to the felony in Nigeria, such as poverty, unemployment etc. Nevertheless, if proper implementation of law of criminal matters are taken care in Nigerian legal system, the problem of crimes would drastically reduce or totally ameliorated and the nation would achieve emancipation and liberation from the current tragedies.

Kritik Sosial dalam Lirik Lagu Album Akibat Pergaulan Blues Karya Musisi Jason Ranti

Jason Ranti, in the lyrics of his album entitled The Effects of Blues Association, conveys a lot of criticism and satire on social problems which are considered problems by society depending on the social value system of that society, however there are the same problems faced by society in general, for example the problem of poverty and crime. , family disorganization, the younger generation in modern society, war, violations of societal norms, population, the environment, and bureaucracy. This type of research is qualitative. According to Semi (1993:23), qualitative research is carried out without prioritizing numbers, but prioritizing the depth of appreciation of the interactions between concepts that are being studied empirically. This research using qualitative methods cannot be measured, because its nature emphasizes socially constructed reality. Data from the results of this research found social criticism in the song lyrics in Jason Ranti's album Akun Pergaulan Blues as many as 24 data in the form of several fragments of song lyrics which include 3 types of social criticism, namely (1) social criticism about violations of societal norms (2) social criticism about religious behavior and beliefs (3) social criticism about politics and bureaucracy. It can be concluded that the social criticism contained in the lyrics of the song Album "Results of Promiscuity" by Jason Ranti is social criticism of violations of societal norms, social criticism of religious behavior and beliefs, and social criticism of politics and bureaucracy.

Study On The Suitability Of Industrial Estates In The Northern Region Of Medan City To The Carrying Capacity Of The Environment

Industrial estates in the northern region of Medan City are currently developing close to community settlements, which have the potential to have a negative impact on the environment and public health. These impacts include air and noise pollution, water and soil pollution, declining property values, increased crime problems, and environmental damage. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on the suitability of industrial estates to the carrying capacity of the environment. This study aims to assess the suitability of industrial estates with the Carrying Capacity and Carrying Capacity of Ecosystem Services-Based Environment. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive, which describes environmental characteristics and the phenomenon of industrial estate development. The results of the study show variations in land suitability in the northern region of Medan City. In Medan Belawan District, most of the land (1,566.22 hectares) is not suitable for industrial estates, while in Medan Deli, most of the land (1,358.26 hectares) is very suitable. Medan Labuhan District is dominated by suitable land (2,157.42 hectares), while Medan Marelan has an even distribution between very suitable and suitable land. In coastal reclamation areas, most of the land (262.46 hectares) is not suitable.

Dilemmas and Countermeasures in the Criminal Law System for Offences Involving Virtual Currencies

With the rapid development of science and technology, the new asset form of virtual currency has gradually entered people's vision. However, with its wide application, crimes involving virtual currency are also increasingly rampant, ranging from theft, fraud to money laundering and illegal fundraising. These criminal acts not only damage the legitimate rights and interests of investors, but also pose a serious threat to financial order and social stability. The increasingly prominent crimes involving virtual currency pose new challenges to the traditional legal system. The anonymity and decentralization of virtual currency make criminal acts more concealed and cross-border, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of legal supervision and crackdown. This paper uses literature analysis, case studies, logical reasoning, and other research methods to deeply explore the governance problems of crimes involving virtual currency. Aiming at the ambiguity of its legal attribute, the difficulty of value evaluation, the challenge of determining "knowingly" committing a crime, and the problem of criminal disposal, this paper proposes a series of targeted countermeasures, such as clarifying the legal attribute of virtual currency, building a standardized value evaluation system, accurately identifying "knowingly", and improving the criminal disposal procedures of virtual currency involved in the case, expecting to contribute to building a safer and more stable virtual currency market environment and providing a strong guarantee for the healthy development of the digital economy.

Pengaruh Ketimpangan Ekonomi, Tingkat Kemiskinan, Tingkat Pendidikan Dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Terhadap Kriminalitas Di Indonesia Tahun 2013-2023

Crime cases are a common problem for many countries around the world. It doesn't matter whether the country is a developed country, a developing country or a poor country. In Indonesia itself, there are still many cases of crime, many of which are caused by economic problems such as income inequality, poverty, high levels of poverty, and low levels of education which can influence crime itself. By knowing whether these economic problem variables influence crime or not, the crime problem in Indonesia can be addressed better. This type of research is included in quantitative research. In this research, we will examine economic inequality, poverty levels, education levels and poverty levels on crime in Indonesia in 2013-2023. The data used in this research is secondary data, namely data obtained from a second source during the period 2013 to 2023. The type of data used in this research is time series data. The data in this research were obtained from publications from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. The data collection method uses the documentation method, namely the method of collecting data on economic inequality, poverty levels, education levels, unemployment and crime rates which is carried out by taking data from various documentation or publications from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The research results obtained are that economic inequality has an insignificant positive effect on the crime rate, while education level, poverty level and open poverty rate have an insignificant negative effect on the crime rate.

FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR VIOLATION OF LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF GROUNDWATER PROTECTION

The article discusses the issues of groundwater protection and the problems of environmental crimes. The text analyzes the concept of criminal liability for violations of legislation on the protection and use of groundwater and the qualifying signs of such a crime. In addition, the article examines the features of criminal legal impact in violation of environmental and legal norms. In conclusion, the author substantiates specific proposals for improving the legal regulation of relevant relations.

Латентная преступность в условиях цифровой трансформации

The article presents the current problems of hidden crime in the context of digital transformation, defines the concepts of latency, natural and artificial latent crime, measures aimed at effectively preventing its natural and artificial parts, using the capabilities of the global computer network “Internet” to identify latent crimes.

Framing retail crime through an environmental criminological lens: insights from Australia and New Zealand

This article aims to provide insights regarding crime problems affecting the Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) retail sector, focusing primarily on the size and range of criminal behaviours. The research incorporated an online survey of retailers and police statistics. The study finds that the cost of retail crime increased by 28% over the last 4 years, against 25% growth in revenue. It also reveals that shoplifting remains the most significant and costly economic problem facing retailers, followed by employee theft. Additionally, fraud, notably in online channels, will remain a concern for the foreseeable future. We examine potential explanations and interpretations for retail crime through an environmental criminological lens. Increased research and involvement of researchers hold tremendous potential for reducing retail crime and preventing its growth in the future.

Criminal Law Policy (Penal Policy) in the Formulation of Criminal Sanctions Against Narcotics Crimes in Indonesia

To overcome the problem of drug crimes, it is necessary to have a criminal law policy (penal policy). This policy must be concentrated on two things, the first is aimed at applicable policies, namely policies on how to apply the criminal law laws and regulations currently in force in order to deal with drug problems and the second is formulative policies or policies that lead to reform of criminal law (penal law reform) namely policies on how to formulate criminal law legislation which is also related to the concept of the new Criminal Code (KUHP), especially in the context of tackling drug crimes in the future. This research uses a descriptive analysis methodology with a normative juridical approach with secondary data sources. It is hoped that the results of this research will be able to provide answers regarding the most appropriate form of sanctions to be applied to perpetrators of drug crimes. The policy of formulating criminal sanctions according to the drug law in the future for perpetrators of drug crimes in Indonesia is in line with the general provisions contained in the National Criminal Code (KUHP) Concept and in accordance with the decision of the Constitutional Court regarding the death penalty provisions, taking into account: The death penalty is no longer a crime. principal, but as a special and alternative punishment, the death penalty can be imposed with a probationary period of ten years which, if the convict behaves commendably, can be changed to life imprisonment or 20 years g. The death penalty cannot be imposed on children who are not yet adults. The execution of the death penalty against pregnant women and someone who is mentally ill is postponed until the pregnant woman gives birth and the mentally ill convict recovers.

Research on the Problem of Network Fraud Crime in the Era of Big Data—Taking “Killing Pig Plate” Type Network Dating Software as an Example

Research on the Problem of Network Fraud Crime in the Era of Big Data—Taking “Killing Pig Plate” Type Network Dating Software as an Example

Don’t call it a comeback! Revictimization and the cycle of violence at micro-places

This study presents a new perspective on the influence of time and the reoccurrence of crime problems at micro-places. I examined 342,690 aggravated assault incidents reported to the Chicago Police Department from 2001 to 2020 using a longitudinal repeat and near-repeat research design combined with cumulative incidence graphs across different temporal windows. There are two distinct periods to observe the revictimization of violence at micro-places. There is immediate risk after an incident within a week followed by a longer period with lower risk across 2 to 4 years when crime often routinely circles back to the same locations. Future research should continue to refine understanding of cyclical patterns or the “life course” of crime at micro-places to enhance the efficacy of place-based crime preventions strategies.

СТАН НАУКОВОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗЛОЧИННОСТІ У СІМЕЙНІЙ СФЕРІ

The article reveals the need to study crime in the family sphere in the works of Ukrainian scientists. This can be explained by the fact that it is criminological science that investigates such crime as a system with exceptionally complex types of criminal offenses committed by the offender during their common life. So, there is a significant need for a scientifically based and comprehensive analysis of this crime and the development of effective forms and methods of its prevention, because the family is constantly in social relations with the state and its institutions. These relationships are based on social ties that unite people into a functional whole, while creating equality and inequality in the rights and obligations not only of spouses, but also within the social group of society. It was noted that among the criminological problems of crime in the family sphere in Ukraine, the problem of domestic crime, which in most cases was and remains the most latent among other criminal offenses, became the agenda. And therefore, recognizing the family as the center of society, it should be noted that without the support of the state and its institutions, unfortunately, the problem of crime in the family sphere is almost impossible to solve. And this is due to the fact that the family is not always able to fulfill its main function – ensuring the proper well-being and upbringing of children. History shows that the main types of crime in the family sphere are: domestic, economic, psychological, sexual and physical violence. Taking into account that there is a war in Ukraine, the problem of criminalization in the family sphere takes on special importance, and we consider it as an object of criminal offenses committed by the offender. The consequence of this is the divorce of husband and wife, a decrease in the standard of living of children, their lack of protection, poverty, and the weakening of the infrastructure of health care, education and culture. Key words: criminal offenses in the family sphere, offender, family violence, marital conflict.

A Mathematical Approach to Optimize Security Crisis Management and Strengthen National Defense in DKI Jakarta Province

This research aims to apply military mathematical models in decision making for security crisis management in DKI Jakarta Province. This research departs from the urgent need to deal with crime problems and improve regional security. Regression model is used to analyze the relationship between independent variables (Pure Participation Rate, Unemployment, Gini Index, and GRDP) and dependent variable (Criminal Risk). Historical and current data on security, education, employment, income inequality, and the economy were collected for analysis. The results show that Net Enrolment Rate and Unemployment have a negative influence on Criminal Risk, while Gini Index and GRDP have a positive influence. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to the security crisis in the region. Based on the analysis results, this study concludes that the application of military mathematical models can be an important reference for the government in addressing the crime problem and improving security in DKI Jakarta Province. The proposed recommendations are to improve access to education, reduce the unemployment rate, address income inequality, and strengthen the economic sector. The implementation of integrated policies between government agencies is also considered important to achieve optimal results in overcoming the security crisis.