Crime Problem Research Articles

Islamic Boarding School Education and Its Renewal According to K.H. Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi

<p><span id="docs-internal-guid-58322240-7fff-08c2-9f15-13bca8e92631"><span>Education is currently faced with problems of crime and deviant behavior, which hinder the effectiveness of teaching Islamic teachings. Effective educational management and experienced leaders are required. One solution is to implement an integrated curriculum as proposed by KH. Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi in reforming Islamic boarding school education. This research aims to understand the concept of Islamic boarding school education and its renewal according to KH. Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi. This type of research is qualitative, using the literature review method by obtaining data through journals, books, and documentaries and comparing, contrasting, and critiquing data using thematic analysis techniques. The research results show that according to K.H Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi, good Islamic boarding school education is based on the values of the five souls of Islamic boarding schools and is total. The reform of Islamic boarding school education that he proposed was rooted in the concept of the five souls of Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. K.H. Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi emphasized three fundamental things in this reform: the totality of life in education, integral education, and Islamic boarding school education orientation.</span></span></p>

"At a Glance:" The Role of Diagrammatic Representations in Eugenics Appropriations of the "Infamous Juke Family".

The case of the Juke family is one of the most notable episodes of the history of eugenics in the USA. The Jukes were initially brought to the fore in the 1870s by a famous investigation that aimed at estimating the interplay of heredity and environment in determining the problems of poverty and crime. This inquiry triggered a harsh confrontation between two polar interpretations of the study, an "environmentalist" one and a "hereditarian" one. It was with the later reassessment of the case made by the Eugenics American Office (ERO) in the 1910s that the controversy was considered closed with the victory of the eugenicists' hereditarian stance. As a result, the family was made a living proof of the alleged hereditary nature of crime and pauperism and a case study in support of the eugenicists' plea for the sterilization of people deemed the bearers of hereditary defectiveness. In this article, I explore the role played by pedigrees and other diagrammatic representations in the eugenicists' appropriation of the meaning of the case of the Juke family and the role played by this appropriation in asserting the superiority of the ERO's method of work over rival approaches.

ANALISIS KEWENANGAN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) PADA PENANGANAN KASUS PALESTINA MENURUT SUDUT PANDANG HUKUM PIDANA INTERNASIONAL

An international criminal court (ICC) is a criminal court that is a permanent within international legal scope, which has competence try individuals on the basis of criminal acts of an international nature. These criminal acts include war crimes, genocide, evil on humanity, and aggression crime. International criminal courts were designed with the goal of mitigating the malaise of national judicial systems. In this context, the ICC will only carry out its functions and authority when the country's national courts are no longer able to invest and prosecute this form of crime. As a court established to handle and resolve international crime problems, ICC have a significant role in maintaining world peace. Therefore, the war conflict which happened in Palestine is one of the jurisdictions of the international criminal court to handle it

Understanding Significance of Non-Government Organizations and Management

The main objective of this research paper is to acquire an efficient understanding of non-government organizations and management. The non-government organizations have one of the primary goals of promoting well-being of community members. The individuals are required to make sure the management has to take place in an efficient manner. The individuals, belonging to all positions in the hierarchy are required to be well-informed in terms of different types of job duties and methodologies. These are vital in promoting functioning of non-government organizations in an effective manner. The primary aim is to put into operation the measures, which are facilitating in alleviating different types of social problems of poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, homelessness and crime and violence. As a consequence of being overwhelmed by all these problems, individuals take help and support from non-government organizations. The augmenting of analytical, critical-thinking and problem-solving skills will be facilitating to the individuals on a comprehensive basis. As a consequence, all the members will contribute efficiently in doing well in one’s jobs and generating desired outcomes. Therefore, it is well-understood, non-government organizations have an indispensable role to play in promoting well-being of community members. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, understanding the significance of non-government organizations and management, measures to be implemented in enhancing functioning of non-government organizations and management and advantages of enhancing functioning of non-government organizations and management.

Understanding Roles of Non-Government Organizations and the Development Processes

The main objective of this research paper is to acquire an efficient understanding of roles of non-government organizations and the development processes. The individuals, belonging to all communities and age groups are overwhelmed by different types of problems. Furthermore, the social problems of poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, homelessness, crime and violence and gender inequality is found in rural and urban communities. Hence, it is necessary for the individuals to ensure, these problems do not have any types of unfavorable effects on them. The victims of these problems are assisted in order to recuperate. Furthermore, they are imparted with information regarding ways to bring about improvements in overall standards of living. In other words, there is encouragement of counseling and guidance services. The individuals, employed within non-government organizations are well-informed in terms of their job duties and responsibilities. Furthermore, they augment their information in terms of methodologies and procedures, which are facilitating in carrying out tasks in a well-ordered manner and generating desired outcomes. In this manner, non-government organizations are rendering an important contribution in promoting community well-being. Furthermore, they are promoting empowerment opportunities among women and marginalized groups. Therefore, the non-government organizations are rendering an efficient contribution in carrying out development processes in a satisfactory manner. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, understanding the significance of roles of non-government organizations and the development processes, roles of non-government organizations and the development processes and advantages of roles of non-government organizations and the development processes.

Женская преступность как отдельный вид общей преступности

A criminological study of female crime was carried out, taking into account the analysis of its components, current trends and processes, and causes. The scientific community and the public, one way or another, have always paid attention to the problem of female crime. This issue was covered in their works by scientists in the field of criminal law, criminology, penal law and other legal sciences, as well as philosophers, sociologists, teachers, psychiatrists, revealing the theoretical and practical essence of the problem of criminal behavior of women. The purpose of the study is a criminological assessment of female crime, an analysis of the main directions of scientific research into legal policies regarding women, the potential consequences of the use of new developments and technologies and their possible impact on social relations in the future. As a result of the study, it was established that the structure and state of female crime acts as an indicator of the moral, spiritual situation in society, the attitude towards basic human values, which predetermines the need for further research into female crime.

Application and Feasibility Analysis of Network Models and Data Analysis in Combating Organized Crime

This article discusses and analyzes in detail the development potential and application of big data mining and network visualization analysis in combating organized crime. Firstly, the article emphasizes the importance of combating criminal gangs and organized crime in modern society, comparing them to the foundation of stable national development and the cornerstone of national progress. Then it explores the security challenges faced by modern society and more issues related to organized crime, including the problem of crime caused by the wealth gap caused by urbanization and economic development, as well as the outdated technology for cracking down on existing security crimes. This article provides a detailed introduction to the potential of big data mining and network visualization, as well as the advantages of these technologies in practical applications. It covers the collection, processing, sharing, and application of data. At the same time, network visualization is used to visualize crime data, helping decision-makers better understand the current situation and problems of public security and organized crime. The article also discusses the application of artificial intelligence and mobile internet technology in combating organized crime. And the potential of big data in improving urban governance. Finally, this article looks ahead and emphasizes that big data mining and network visualization analysis will continue to play an important role in optimizing social security, indicating the broad prospects of these technologies in the future transportation field.

Problems in the criminological characteristic of juvenile offender identity

Relevance. Insufficient attention of state bodies to the problem of juvenile crime also leads to the aggravation of antisocial manifestations in society, neglect of social and cultural norms, and increased manifestations of crime and cruelty. Child welfare and protection of children's rights are among the main tasks of every democratic, social, and legal state. Purpose. Despite the close attention to the problem of juvenile crimes, many of the relevant aspects are still understudied; they require scientific and theoretical interpretation and substantiation, including problems in the criminological characteristic of the juvenile criminal identity. Methodology. The study employed a variety of methodologies including dialectical analysis, historical legal method, comparative legal analysis, logical legal method, documentary analysis, statistical analysis, and sociological method to comprehensively examine and understand the criminological characteristics of juvenile criminal identity and develop proposals for enhancing prevention and intervention strategies. Results. The study covers doctrinal approaches to the criminological characteristic of the personality of juvenile criminals, to find out the variability of ideas and concepts aimed at identifying the essence and features of the juvenile criminal identity on the territory of various states, and also to conclude that the system of social prevention of offences, including crimes, that has developed in the past, which has practically ceased to exist in our time, requires a qualitative reform. Conclusions. The study has substantiated that there is currently an urgent need to reproduce such a system based on new principles and unified foundations of the criminological characteristic of the juvenile criminal identity, to create an appropriate legislative framework for this purpose and to widely involve the public in this activity.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF WAR CRIMES ON THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA

The aim of the article is to study the impact of war crimes committed in the 1990s and early 2000s on the territory of the republics of former Yugoslavia on the European integration processes and aspirations of these states. Factors that directly influence the European integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, and North Macedonia are analyzed. It was noted that Slovenia did not have similar problems, so its European integration was not related to solving the problem of war crimes. The author also emphasizes that this issue was unimportant in North Macedonia. Therefore, it had no impact on European integration. The scientific novelty of this investigation consists of an attempt to comprehensively highlight the interdependence of the consequences of war crimes and the aspirations of the post-Yugoslav countries to become members of the European Union. The article states that this topic requires a separate historiographical study since no works in Ukrainian and foreign science would reveal various aspects of the topic. The conclusions emphasize that for Croatia, the problem of settling war crimes and their consequences was one of the critical problems for joining the EU. European integration began to progress only after the state's political leadership changed and started to develop relevant legislation and actively cooperate with the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The author emphasizes that the problem of war crimes is quite acute for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Every year, the European Commission underlines that the country's leadership must change its approach to solving such problems. However, the dynamics of conviction of war criminals, as well as the investigation of human rights violations, remain low. It does not directly impact the European integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina since the country received candidate status only in 2022. As the author notes, Serbia and Montenegro are characterized by ignoring the problem of war crimes, their consequences, and the punishment of the guilty. The political leadership of both countries is taking purely demonstrative steps that would meet the requirements of the European Commission.

Виды соучастников преступления и особенности квалификации деяний по уголовному законодательству Республики Болгария

The article discusses the features of the institution of complicity under Bulgarian law. In modern science, the problems of complicity are the subject of detailed and extensive research. However, there is no consensus on a wide range of issues. This thesis is also confirmed by the fact that the main problem in defining complicity is the problem of the dual nature of complicity as the actions of each and as the actions of all together. The procedure and limits of bringing to criminal responsibility both directly the perpetrators of the crime and the accomplices and instigators depend on this, the activity of law enforcement agencies in their fight against crimes committed in complicity depends, contributes to the separation of these crimes from individual crime and, as a result, the establishment of legality. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that for a long time the dispute about the classification of accomplices in a crime has not ceased and a unified point of view on this issue has not yet been developed. All this gave rise to the emergence of several concepts of classifying accomplices in a crime such as objective, subjective and mixed. However, despite the existence of different approaches, most scientists are inclined to think that it is necessary to classify accomplices by the nature and degree of participation of persons in the commission of a crime. In this regard, it is very useful to study the institution of complicity in the criminal-legal theory of the Republic of Bulgaria. In this article, the problem of complicity is considered through the prism of complex criminal activity, since complicity continues to be one of the most serious problems of crime, including because in most cases the most dangerous crimes are committed by the joint efforts of several persons.

Виды соучастников преступления и особенности квалификации деяний по уголовному законодательству Республики Болгария

The article discusses the features of the institution of complicity under Bulgarian law. In modern science, the problems of complicity are the subject of detailed and extensive research. However, there is no consensus on a wide range of issues. This thesis is also confirmed by the fact that the main problem in defining complicity is the problem of the dual nature of complicity as the actions of each and as the actions of all together. The procedure and limits of bringing to criminal responsibility both directly the perpetrators of the crime and the accomplices and instigators depend on this, the activity of law enforcement agencies in their fight against crimes committed in complicity depends, contributes to the separation of these crimes from individual crime and, as a result, the establishment of legality. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that for a long time the dispute about the classification of accomplices in a crime has not ceased and a unified point of view on this issue has not yet been developed. All this gave rise to the emergence of several concepts of classifying accomplices in a crime such as objective, subjective and mixed. However, despite the existence of different approaches, most scientists are inclined to think that it is necessary to classify accomplices by the nature and degree of participation of persons in the commission of a crime. In this regard, it is very useful to study the institution of complicity in the criminal-legal theory of the Republic of Bulgaria. In this article, the problem of complicity is considered through the prism of complex criminal activity, since complicity continues to be one of the most serious problems of crime, including because in most cases the most dangerous crimes are committed by the joint efforts of several persons.

Anti-criminal policy: moral foundations

The low effectiveness of traditional power options for solving the problem of crime determines the need to search for a broader state approach, to develop the foundations of a holistic anti-criminal policy. The purpose of this study is to determine the methodological and moral foundations of state influence on crime. In the author's approach, criminal policy is presented as an important, but still not the main, but a subordinate element of anti-criminal policy. The aspect is studied, in particular, related to the spiritual and moral content of the policy in the field of combating crime: the impact on crime should have a moral dimension, the means of countering it should be moral, and the effectiveness is determined, among other things, by the degree of moral impact on the consciousness of citizens - both those who have violated the criminal law and all others, including victims. The moral "price" of the impact on crime, the punishment system and its individual types should also be of great importance. The author comes to the conclusion that not only Russian, but also foreign policy in the field of combating crime should change radically, turn towards the full promotion of harmonization of public life, eliminating the causes of conflicts, reducing the severity of social contrasts, ensuring a balance of interests of the individual, society and the state, social solidarity. The trends taking place in anti-criminal policy today can have negative, including moral, consequences both for the country as a whole and for each individual citizen. The task of criminologists is to see possible criminal consequences and warn society about their threat.

Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Crime

The problem of crime in Indonesia is an urgent issue, with crime rates continuing to increase. High crime rates have serious impacts on societal security, social stability, and economic development. Amidst the complexity of types of crime, motives and methods of handling them, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technology has emerged as a promising solution. Through analysis of a literature review with the keywords "AI and crime," this research aims to understand the differences between the use of AI in crime prediction and traditional methods. The literature review method will identify and analyze the latest knowledge regarding the use of AI technology in overcoming crime problems. The use of AI in analyzing crime data, identifying complex patterns, and providing accurate predictions will be emphasized. The research will also explain how AI is able to overcome problems that are difficult to solve with conventional methods. It is hoped that the results of this literature review will provide deeper insight into the potential of AI in reducing crime rates and c reating a safer environment for people in Indonesia.

범죄현상에 있어 생성형 AI의 명과 암

This study consists of Generative AI that have been attracting worldwide attention since 2022. Specifically, it consists of discussing AI and Generative AI and separately confirming the criminal abuse aspect of Generative AI and the application aspect of criminal problem solving. The results of the study are summarized as follows.
 First, the creation of deepfake and cybersecurity threat codes can be presented as possible criminal abuse and examples of Generative AI. To confirm this problem, ChatGPT, which is most widely used among Generative AI, was actually used, and information that could be used to create cybersecurity threat codes could be obtained. Next, problems and cases such as deepfake pornography and person synthesis, which are considered deepfake crime problems using Generative AI, were identified.
 Second, on the contrary, cases of solving crime problems based on Generative AI were identified. As a result, we were able to confirm the anti-prostitution chatbot currently being used by NYPD, and the Darkbert to solve crime problems on the dark web, and the Generative AI-based model used or planned to be introduced by public institutions in Korea.
 Based on the results of these studies, a plan to eradicate crimes based on Generative AI was suggested.

Scientific Truth on Crime Counteraction in the Works of Professor M.P. Kleymenov

The article is dedicated to the jubilee of a famous Russian criminologist Mikhail Petrovich Kleymenov. The versatility of research talents of this professor is connected with his initial interest in the multitude of crime counteraction problems. He authored over 340 research publications, including 11 monographs, 9 manuals in criminal law and criminology in which he studied complex problems of crime, as well as textbooks, including one that he wrote without co-authors. The sphere of Professor Kleymenov’s research interests is very wide, which reflects not only the multifaceted character of his “criminological talent”, but also his true interest in studying the multi-aspect problem of crime and crime counteraction, it is a logical consequence of the development of his research career. A constant desire to widen his knowledge is reflected in the dynamic research of actualizing and transforming spheres of criminal behavior. His loyalty to the development of theoretical and practical aspects of such areas as organized crime and crimes of corruption, unsolved crimes, criminal law and criminological prediction, interconnection between moral, cultural level, spirituality and criminal behavior, extremism and problems of criminological measurement makes it possible to deepen the available knowledge and considerably enrich research in this sphere. Being the founder of special theories of criminology (sport criminology, ethno-criminology, medical criminology), the professor has numerous disciples and his own school of research. The analysis and review of all research achievements of professor M.P. Kleymenov requires a separate publication. His research and development of complex criminological problems, long-term and diversified work of studying different aspects of crime counteraction, and genuine interest in criminological theory have contributed and are still making a considerable contribution to crime counteraction, they are invaluable for both theory and practice.

Crime in the law enforcement agencies in 1948–1952 and its counteraction

The article reveals the state of crime in the police in 1948–1952, identifies its main manifestations and measures to counteract it. Crime in the police in the post-war years remained an acute and permanent problem. The late 1940s and early 1950s were no exception. This was influenced by the very nature of the totalitarian regime, which was based on violence and violation of the rule of law, the difficult socio-economic situation in the country, as the consequences of the post-war devastation were only beginning to be eliminated, and the low level of professional training and education of a certain number of police officers. For many of them, the perceptions of the state of legality were quite specific, formed mainly under the influence of the events of the war, combined with a tendency to be quick to punish those who were considered criminals and a relatively low level of awareness of the law. All of this has led to the existence of the problem of crime in the law enforcement agencies of the republic, and this problem is still relevant today, both from a theoretical and practical point of view. The most common violations in the police at that time were: alcoholism, abuse of office, connections with criminals, violations of the law during the detention of citizens and the conduct of investigations, failure to comply with orders, bribery, embezzlement, domestic and moral decay, desertion, disclosure of official secrets, unauthorised abandonment of duty, illegal use of weapons and, as a result, injury or killing of citizens, negligence in the performance of official duties, and loss of personal weapons. Most cases of lawbreaking were committed by police officers who were intoxicated. During this period, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR took a number of measures to improve the situation: offenders were dismissed from the police and brought to trial, and the leadership of those local police forces with the highest number of such violations was changed. This was done on the basis of an analysis of the flow of investigative cases, inspection of documentation and the state of work of local police bodies in the field of training their personnel.

The Impact of Collective Efficacy, and Policing Practices on Perceived Crime Problem: Evidence from Neighborhoods of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The Impact of Collective Efficacy, and Policing Practices on Perceived Crime Problem: Evidence from Neighborhoods of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Kejahatan Transnasional Terhadap Peredaran Narkoba Internasional Ditinjau Dari Kasus Fredy Pratama

This research examines the problem of transnational crime in international drug trafficking from the case of Fredy Pratama, who is an Indonesian youth who was arrested in 2021 for trying to smuggle 1.2 kilograms of cocaine to Australia. His case highlights the challenges law enforcement faces in combating transnational drug trafficking, as well as the devastating impact these crimes have on the Nation. The aim of this research is to explore in more detail the Fredy Pratama case and find out the impact of his crime. Legal documents for this research were obtained from a literature review. This research uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method. From the research results, it was concluded that the Fredy Pratama case was a microcosm of a larger problem, namely transnational drug trafficking. Disclosure of this case is also the greatest salvation for the lives of the nation's children from the threat of drugs. The suspects were charged with multiple articles, namely TPPU and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Article 114 paragraph (2) in conjunction with Article 132 paragraph (2) subsidiary Article 112 paragraph (2) in conjunction with Article 132 paragraph (2), with threats death penalty or life imprisonment.

Nearly Two Years Since the Start of the Full-scale War in Ukraine: The Rights of Russia’s Indigenous Peoples Continue to Deteriorate

Since the beginning of Russia’s full-scale war in Ukraine, Arctic Review on Law and Politics has been publishing reports on the situation of Indigenous peoples of Russia, on the changes in Russian legislation, and on the lives of Indigenous individuals who have left Russia rather than comply with the political regime. This article contributes to the journal’s efforts to shed light on the challenges related to the war in Ukraine and covers the following topics: 1) the continuing changes in Russian legislation and their aggravating impact on Indigenous peoples of Russia; 2) the worsening problem of crime in Russia and it’s impact on the wellbeing of Indigenous peoples; and 3) international cooperation of Indigenous peoples of Russia.

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION EARLY PREVENTION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE WITH PHANTOM MEDIA AT TK ALIF CENTER INTEGRATED

Kindergarten is a very effective educational forum to introduce children to reproductive health from an early age. The impact of low public understanding of reproductive health causes various health, economic, social, and crime problems that occur increasingly rampant throughout the country. Provide Health Education on proper reproductive health, and limb recognition for each student, using phantom media. Community service activities run in an orderly and smooth manner, material on reproductive health is delivered by the head of the community service, and body recognition practices can be touched on or not guided by Community Service Members and students. The participants in this community service activity consisted of teachers and students TK Alif Integrated as many as ± 23 people. The participants were enthusiastic and communicate with the speakers. Reproductive health education based on phantom media in early childhood is very useful and more effective than counseling without media, because it can significantly increase children's knowledge and understanding as well as skills and awareness.