Crime Prevention Measures Research Articles

The Participation of Legal Community in Crime Prevention Based on Anomie Theory in Batang Batang District

The occurrence of crime or criminal acts in a region is not solely because someone simply wants to commit evil or accidentally commits a crime. Beyond that, the crimes that occur can be related to various elements of community life such as education, population, economy, politics, social, and culture. Every region in Indonesia certainly has different characteristics of these elements, so the tendency and types of crime will vary in each area. This research was conducted to identify the factors contributing to criminality in society, enabling the community to participate in the efforts to combat crime, both through general and specific preventive measures. The method used in this study is Socio-Legal, which examines crime based on the Anomie theory of criminology to help society recognize and prevent crime. Anomie theory correlates anomie with crime rates in society, where, when social rules and values are no longer consistently applied, individuals are more likely to break rules and engage in criminal behavior. This is due to the inability of individuals or society to provide clear recognition and guidance, including the failure of social institutions to implement effective policies in crime prevention. Therefore, based on the perspective of Anomie Theory, further study of crime factors and the active participation of the legal community in crime prevention can be a resolution for the state of anomie.

Роль подразделений информационных центров системы МВД России в предупреждении преступлений

The article considers the development of information units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs system from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day. It describes the value of knowledge obtained and accumulated by the information units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs system from a criminological point of view. At the same time, the authors note the absence of a purpose for using the obtained data (information on the identity of the criminal; identity of the victim; traces of the crime; stolen property, etc.) and crime prevention in the said units. It is noted that the lack of a unified approach to developing crime prevention measures both in the country and in its individual entities does not allow for the effective use of the acquired knowledge. The article indicates that today in the Russian Federation there are various databases containing information on the identities of criminals, identities of victims, traces of crimes, stolen property, real estate, transport, mobile phone numbers, etc., which allow identifying the causes and conditions for committing crimes, however, their use is ineffective due to the lack of specific units engaged in developing crime prevention measures in the Russian Federation and its individual entities. The authors of the article say that it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of crime in a particular region, area, or locality, on the basis of which a unified crime prevention program in a given area should be developed. When developing a unified crime prevention program in a region, special attention should be paid not only to the actions of special entities aimed at combating crime, but also to the role and tasks of state bodies, local governments, public associations and citizens in implementing these measures. Thus, the crime prevention program will be a “road map” developed by the information units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs with the participation of local governments, taking into account the opinion of residents of a given municipality or subject of the Russian Federation, on the territory of which the implementation of this crime prevention program will be provided, which will certainly contribute to increasing the effectiveness of crime prevention and will allow citizens of the Russian Federation to exercise their right, enshrined in Part 1 of Article 32 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to their direct participation in managing state affairs - protecting society from criminal encroachments.

Penal idea of probation supervision

In the article, the author emphasizes that the type of punishment for a crime, probation supervision, has a distinct socio-humanitarian, educational, and resocializing focus. The research methodology included: an integrated approach to the critical analysis of information in the open space; complementarity in the sense of complementarity for the sustainability of the system under study in open dynamic relations of human rights observance in the execution of sentences and treatment of convicts in Ukraine in the realities of martial law and at the stage of Ukraine's recovery when processing regulations and court decisions using the intellectual search system ZakonOn-line, a systematic approach to the analysis of scientific and technical materials. The author identifies the conditions for individualization of crime prevention measures to ensure the effectiveness of probation programs: reliance on analytics; unambiguous understanding of terms; strategic relevance; systemic nature of preventive tools and resources for probation supervision, which provides for an internal quality system. These conditions include monitoring, quality assessment, accountability and training of probation staff and volunteers, ecology of relations at the social, corporate, and individual levels, program development taking into account the scope of probation supervision, understanding of opportunities and vulnerabilities, and understanding of the operational environment. The results of the empirical research made it possible to define complementarity as the basis for the conceptualization of probation supervision through the humanization of the system of execution of criminal sentences, management and procedures for saving money, and ensuring public safety. The author specifies the perspective: diversification of elements of probation supervision with the aim of reducing the risks of a formal approach in individualizing the impact on the correction of convicts, preventing them from committing repeated criminal offenses.

Classification of modern crime prevention measures in the housing construction sector

This article is devoted to the problem of updating measures for preventing criminal offenses in the field of housing construction, as well as their analysis and systematization. It classifies preventive measures related to crime into specific groups applicable in housing construction to modernize previously formulated prevention strategies by researchers, which can also be applied to this field. The grouping and enhancement of the «arsenal» of preventive measures will facilitate the future development of tactics and strategies for preventive activities against crime in the housing construction market at both regional and national levels. The study of a significant body of literature related to both the criminological aspects of preventing criminal offenses in the field of housing construction and adjacent areas has made it possible to propose a grouping of general social and specialized criminological preventive measures across seven key areas: political, legislative, socio-economic, organizational and managerial, educational and cultural, ideological, and doctrinal prevention. Furthermore, due to the extensive and multifaceted nature of the housing construction sector, where criminal offenses are committed by both construction companies and officials from government bodies or local authorities, the organizational and managerial group of preventive measures has been suggested to be divided into those applicable to construction companies and those relevant to the state as a whole, as well as to officials (including those from local governments) specifically. At the same time, as a conclusion, it is noted that there is a need to search for and propose new measures that will significantly improve the existing «arsenal» of preventive measures against crime in the housing construction market and enhance the effectiveness of activities aimed at preventing and combating criminal offenses in this area.

Analyzing Urban Crime Through Street View Imagery: Insights from Urban Micro Built Environment and Perceptions

Understanding the relationship between urban crime and the built environment is crucial for developing effective crime prevention strategies, particularly in the context of rapid urban development and city planning. As cities grow, urbanization leads to environments that either promote or inhibit criminal activity, making it essential to explore the interactions between urban design and crime. This study investigates the impact of micro built environment (MBE) elements and place perceptions on crime occurrences in Toronto using street view imagery (SVI) data and machine learning models. We used logistic regression models and an XGBoost (Version 1.7.5) classifier to assess the significance of MBE and perception variables in classifying crime and non-crime intersections. Our findings reveal that intersections with criminal activity tend to be related to more mobility-related features, such as roads and vehicles, and fewer natural elements, such as vegetation. The “beautiful” and “depressing” perceptions emerged as the most significant variables in explaining crime events, surpassing the commonly studied “safety” perception. The XGBoost model achieved 86% accuracy, indicating that MBE and perception variables are strong predictors of crime risk. These findings suggest that enhancing vegetation and improving street aesthetics could serve as effective crime prevention measures in urban environments. However, limitations include the general nature of the perception model and the reliance on aggregated crime data. Future research should incorporate local perceptions and fine-scale crime data to provide more tailored insights for urban planning and crime prevention

Implementing Situational Crime Prevention Theory in the Matter of Financial fraudulent

Fraud and financial crime continue to pose significant challenges for private companies, making prevention efforts essential through the identification of their root causes. This study examines the relationship between situational crime prevention and financial fraud, with a focus on employee tenure as a moderating variable. An empirical research method was employed, with data collected from employees of PT Budi Jaya and its subsidiaries through questionnaires. A total of 60 valid responses were analyzed using WarpPLS. The findings reveal that situational crime prevention—measured through indicators such as minimal benefits, high risks, limited opportunities, and strict sanctions—has a significant negative impact on financial fraud. Additionally, the study demonstrates that employee tenure moderates the relationship between situational crime prevention measures and financial fraud. This research makes a theoretical contribution to situational crime prevention theory by incorporating the concept of rationalization, which fraud perpetrators often use to justify their actions. The study offers practical insights, suggesting that companies and regulators should implement robust internal control systems to minimize opportunities for fraud and establish clear, stringent rules and sanctions to deter fraudulent behavior.

Crime in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry—The Role of Subcontractors

This article examines the challenges posed by criminal subcontractors in the construction industry. It aims to delineate the specific crimes committed by these subcontractors and assess their impact against the broader backdrop of industry-related criminality. Employing a scoping literature review, the study explores the existing research, summarizes key findings, and highlights gaps in the current knowledge. The construction industry’s inherent complexities and reliance on extensive subcontracting create an environment ripe for criminal activities. The research questions addressed are the following: (1) What crimes are carried out by subcontractors? (2) What are the consequences of crimes carried out by subcontractors? This study identifies several major concerns: (1) adverse impacts on project management in terms of timelines, quality, and budgetary control; (2) widespread exploitation within supply chains, ranging from wage disparities to modern slavery; (3) prevalent fraudulent practices, such as bribery, collusion, and embezzlement; and (4) the detrimental effect on Health, Environment, and Safety (HES) standards. The article underscores the diversity of legal frameworks across jurisdictions and signals the need for concerted efforts to enhance crime prevention measures, foster industry-wide collaboration, and establish robust control systems. There is an urgent need for a profound understanding of the contractor–subcontractor dynamic and procurement of substandard materials. The findings suggest that the construction industry faces formidable challenges due to criminal elements, profoundly affecting project efficiency, legal compliance, and worker welfare.

Future Role of Digital Platform of Community Policing in Malawi

Internet evolution and digital platform popularity have revolutionized citizens participation in public security administration. However, digital platform ecosystem and functionality remains underexplored. Study examines the future role of digital platform for citizens participation in community policing in Malawi. Within frame work of exploratory sequential mixed methods, focus group discussion interviews purposively selected four groups of 10 respondents each, and used interview guide for data collection. Survey randomly sampled 432 households using Yamene (1969) formular to distribute structured questionnaires for data collection. Interviews were written on script then coded, later grouped into sub themes and finally into themes which corresponded to research questions aided by NVivo application. The survey was analyzed through SPSS version 20 to come up with descriptive statistics. Using pragmatics philosophical paradigm, broken window, democratic participation and social-disorganization theories, the study revealed that citizens may be encouraged to participate on digital platform in community policing by; (a) providing training to citizens on digital crime prevention and safety measures, (b) offering incentives or rewards to citizens who participate in neighborhood safety and security digital initiatives, (c) using social media and other digital platforms to raise awareness and encourage citizen participation, (d) creating more opportunities for citizen-police collaboration and dialogue through social media. Multinominal logistic regression shows gender may have impact on the future role of digital platform of community policing; (i) gain communications between police and community, (ii) detect a wider variety of insecurities (Transparency), (iii) promote the effective use of limited resources, (iv) move beyond the customary bureaucratic procedures at p=.017, (v) gain participation of women, minorities, and vulnerable population at p=.459, (vi) contribute to empowerment of the community at p=.003. Solutions to challenges of digital platform of community policing use are; (1) awareness (Sensitization) Campaign, (2) capacity building on the usage of ICT tools, (3) make available ICT merchant selling and maintenance points, (4) usage of Solar Powered ICT and (5) Place coordinated governance mechanisms. While previous scholars have argued that digital platform has allowed formal and non-formal wide participation, as well as increase transparency and accountability to police officers in handling policing issues and empowering citizens to take part in security of their times. Current revelation points that harnessing and promotion of digital platform gives chance to revolution for transformation that may influence accountability of public security administration to provide quality public services for better life to the challenges of the time.

Rapid assessment of human–elephant conflict: a crime science approach

An interdisciplinary approach has the potential not only to help solve conservation-centric problems but also to enrich and improve evidence-based scientific research. Crime science, an offshoot of criminology, provides a comprehensive, solution-oriented approach that transcends disciplinary boundaries and bridges science and practice for developing effective conservation interventions to real-life problems such as Human Elephant Conflict (HEC). This paper focuses on HEC as a conservation concern, but the resultant behaviors toward elephants, people, and their property are criminology’s concern. Using the Action Research paradigm, a rapid assessment of human–elephant conflict (HEC) in India was undertaken to identify contextual solutions. This study utilized problem-oriented field research methods that enabled the gathering of data on elephant habitat-landscape, villagers’ lifestyle (habitat) in the fringe areas, their current approaches in dealing with the conflict, the challenges forest officials face to mitigate HEC, and the assistance provided by district administrators to protect villagers and their corps and HEC-related deaths. The qualitative inquiry, including observation of village-forest fringe areas, focus group discussions with villagers, and interviews with forest officers and rangers, and district administrators/collectors who are handlers, guardians, and managers of the conflict space, provided rich data in identifying situational practical measures and underscored the role of crime science in providing a conceptual framework to gather evidence in addressing HEC in forest areas. The findings of the research suggest that human–animal convergence space is the source (or location) of conflict and criminology-driven situational crime prevention measures, including increasing effort, risks, reducing rewards and provocations, and removing excuses might mitigate the conflict, requiring coordinated efforts by villagers, forest and district administrators, and local law enforcers.

MODELING CRIME IN EAST JAVA USING SPATIAL DURBIN MODEL REGRESSION

The high crime rate will create unrest and losses for the community. One of the provinces with high crime rates is East Java. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence criminality in East Java to ensure appropriate crime prevention and control measures can be taken. The factors that potentially influence crime in East Java studied include population density, the number of poor people, unemployment, Human Development Index (HDI), Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and per Capita Expenditure, which are associated with geographical conditions in each region (regency/city) collected from BPS East Java in 2022. Meanwhile, the number of crimes is collected from the East Java Regional Police. This research uses a statistical method, namely the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), which is a particular form of the Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) method with Queen Contiguity weighting by analyzing geographically (spatial processes). Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the influential factors were unemployment, HDI, GRDP, and per Capita Expenditure, and the R-square result was obtained at 85.18%. This shows a relationship between spatial accessibility and crime, where unemployment, HDI, GRDP, and per Capita Expenditure in an area can affect regional vulnerability to crime

Институт смертной казни как показатель взаимодействия государства, права и личности

The article examines the problems concerning the institution of the death penalty from the perspective of the state performing its protective function to protect human rights. The genesis of this punitive institution in Russian legislation is being investigated. The ambiguity of the attitude of the public and the legislator towards the death penalty is noted, as well as the uncertainty of the latter remaining to this day regarding its availability in the arsenal of criminal penalties. Doubts are expressed about the effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent and crime prevention measure.

Stolen data markets on Telegram: a crime script analysis and situational crime prevention measures

Stolen data markets on Telegram: a crime script analysis and situational crime prevention measures

Situational Crime Prevention, Advice Giving, and Victim-Blaming

Situational crime prevention (SCP) measures attempt to prevent crime by reducing the opportunities for crime to occur. One of the ways in which some SCP measures reduce such opportunities is by providing victims with advice about how to avoid being victimised, for instance through public awareness campaigns or safety apps. Some scholars claim that this approach to preventing crime often or always promotes victim-blaming and that it is therefore morally wrong to pursue such strategies. Others have made sweeping rejections of this claim. However, in this paper, I suggest that neither view is correct. Specifically, I demonstrate that there are at least three distinct ways of interpreting what I term the victim-blaming argument against advice-giving SCP measures – i.e. as an argument based on a concern for direct victim-blaming, indirect victim-blaming, or self-blame – and that both SCP opponents and supporters have legitimate grounds for their position, depending on how the argument is spelled out.

Spatial analysis of outdoor indecent assault risk: a study using ambient population data

Spatiotemporal data on ambient populations have recently become widely available. Although previous studies have indicated a link between the spatial patterns of crime occurrence and ambient population distribution, more detailed information, such as the population most likely to be victims by gender and age group, could better predict the risk of crime occurrence. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the risk of indecent assault, a typical crime with a high number of young female victims, in southern Kyoto Prefecture. We utilized population distribution by gender and age group at different times of the day. After extracting daily patterns (factors) of the population using non-negative matrix factorization, we statistically modeled the risk of indecent assault using a spatial conditional autoregressive model. The results showed that the model, which considered a spatiotemporal ambient population, demonstrated superior performance during nighttime hours. Furthermore, by interpreting the factors significantly associated with the risk of crime occurrence, the findings provided valuable insights into local crime prevention measures that consider daily temporal changes in the gender and age-group composition of individuals present in a specific area.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF CRIME: HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between anthropological approaches to the study of crime and the possibility of their application in modern criminology to prevent crime. Materials and methods. The methodological tools correspond to the goals and objectives of the study and include the use of a dialectical-materialistic method of cognition, due to which it was possible to consider the subject of research in development, taking into account its interrelationships with historically changing legal phenomena. The comparative historical method as the main method allowed the authors to analyze the development of the institute of criminal anthropology and its patterns. The methods of formal logic, such as description, comparison, analysis and synthesis, made it possible to fully disclose the criminological and legal aspects of the phenomenon under study. The applied private scientific methods, such as comparative legal, formal legal and structural-functional ones were used to determine the interrelationships and interdependencies of the studied phenomena, as well as to make the necessary generalizations and conclusions. The results of the study. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that today there are controversial issues regarding the anthropological approach to the study of crime. However, thanks to anthropological research, the study of the causes of crimes was initiated, which shed light on the appearance of deviant behavior of a person, which gave a great impetus to the development of criminology as a science. The anthropological aspect of crime has given answers to many questions about the causes of crime, and also marked the beginning of the race to find the truth: are criminals born or made? The anthropological theory in criminology is evaluated and assessments are given on the application of certain anthropological knowledge to crime prevention in the modern world. The importance of criminal anthropology in the system of crime prevention measures is substantiated. Conclusions. It is concluded that the anthropology of crime has generated ideas and views on the causality of crime as a result of the interaction of biological factors and surrounding realities and conditions that affect progressive or regressive development. It is noted that criminals have brain disorders, instability, genetic mutations, pathologies of their behavior and mental disorders that push them to commit crimes or act as the only solution in a stressful situation, since such people simply do not have a chance to arouse thought in a different way.

Victimological aspects of crime prevention

The article reveals the content and victimological aspects of crime prevention, based on which the character-istics of its components and the scope of possible application are presented. As one of the components of the overall system of crime prevention, the proposed system of victimological crime prevention includes inter-connected and interacting elements: goals and objectives of victimological crime prevention; objects of posi-tive influence and a system of subjects; measures of victimological crime prevention; mechanism of imple-mentation of victimological crime prevention, the result of victimological crime prevention, reflecting the in-tegrity of the process of victimological crime prevention. The final predicted result of the conceptual system should manifest in the unity and interrelation of three main functions of victimological crime prevention: the function of victimological preventive influence, the function of special (direct) victimological crime preven-tion, as well as the function of social assistance and legal protection of crime victims. The authors have stud-ied specialized monographic literature and the practice of applying victimological methods of crime preven-tion. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it is the first special comprehensive study of the system of victimological crime prevention. The aim of the work is to develop, based on a comprehensive study of victimological crime prevention, a scientifically substantiated concept of strategy and tactics of victimological influence on criminal behavior. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that victimological crime prevention is necessary in order to exert maximum preventive and deterrent influence on criminogenic processes that contribute to increasing victimization levels and the development of victimiza-tion; to eliminate threats to the rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of citizens.

TINDAKAN PREVENTIF DAN REPRESIF SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PEMERKOSA ANAK

Law Number 17 of 2016 concerning Child Protection provides special protection to children. This law regulates children's rights, parental responsibilities, child care, as well as handling cases of violence and abuse against children. This research aims to find out and explain the legal considerations taken by the judge in making a decision in the criminal case of child rape in case no. 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2023/PN Bbs and to find out and explain the legal protection mechanisms provided to children who are victims of rape.
 This type of research is Normative. In this research, there are three approaches applied, namely an approach through analysis of legal regulations (statute approach), a case study (case study), and a conceptual approach (conceptual approach). Systematic Accountability in this research focuses on examining the Judge's Decision in the Child Rape case with case number No. 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2023/PN Bbs in detail for each chapter and sub-chapter discussed, and provides supporting descriptions in the process of reviewing the Judge's Decision.
 Legal considerations (Ratio Decidendi) Decision No.1/Pid.Sus/Anak/ 2023/PNBBS consists of 4 elements, namely: Person or Human Element, Element of Deliberate Commitment of Deception, Element of Sexual Intercourse or Sexual Relations, Element of the person who commits it, the element that orders it to be carried out. and participate in doing it. The legal protection mechanism provided for child victims of rape is preventive: this can be done by providing information, education and understanding to the public about the applicable laws and regulations. Preventive Legal Protection Efforts by providing legal counseling, providing administrative sanctions, as well as crime prevention measures such as security patrols and security supervision. In a repressive way; Restitution and providing medical assistance/psycho-social rehabilitation assistance can be carried out in the context of restoring the victim's condition from all aspects. The restitution mechanism is regulated in Article 5 of PERMA Number 1 of 2022 concerning Procedures for Settlement of Applications and Providing Restitution and Compensation to Victims of Crime.

Unveiling the Spark: Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) Analysis of Economic Growth, Crime Rates, and Firecracker-Related Injuries/Death in the Philippines

The New Year celebration in the Philippines observes a surge in firecracker-related injuries and deaths, increasing concern beyond cultural significance. The Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) proves the influence of economic growth and crime rates on firecracker-related injuries/deaths. The result of this research draws on the Strain Theory and Routine Activities Theory to reveal the potential influence of economic growth and crime rates on this phenomenon. Through the lens of Strain Theory, economic growth, despite its benefits, drives strain among excluded segments, driving risk-taking behavior, financial pressure, and limited access to safer alternatives, resulting in the use of dangerous fireworks. Routine Activities Theory maintains how high crime rates increase the availability of illegal fireworks and facilitate criminal misuse while also creating environments where riskier behaviors proliferate due to lax enforcement and limited safe options. The research concludes by focusing on the need for policy and interventions addressing economic disparities and crime prevention measures to promote safe and inclusive celebrations. Further research is recommended to probe deeper into regional variations, employ mixed methods approaches, and enhance data collection for targeted interventions and effective policy frameworks.

НОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ПРАВОВОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ

The article presents relevant issues of the legal provision of public safety, with the developed and implemented crime prevention measures considered. The main directions for ensuring the security and sustainable development of modern society are to be determined according to the implemented international, interstate, and national policies. Measures of ensuring complex safety aimed at anti-terrorism and extremism actions and the prevention of illicit drugs and other psychotropic substance trafficking are in focus. New challenges and threats posed by globalization significantly complicate the process of ensuring the safety of socially significant facilities and crowded places. Updating legal measures to achieve the goals of strategic planning for ensuring public safety is becoming trending.

Prevencija kriminaliteta kroz dizajn okruženja - put ka standardizaciji

Contemporary cities face numerous challenges, ranging from environmental to security issues. One of the most significant security challenges is the rise of urban crime and how to prevent it. Numerous examples have shown that the design of the environment can influence criminal behavior. Globally, the model known as Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is recognized. To enhance urban safety, it is essential to implement crime prevention measures, and this model is particularly effective. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of CPTED for improving urban safety by shaping public urban spaces to be safe and attractive for citizens. Given that this model is still new in Republika Srpska, the goal is to present the development path and significance of CPTED standardization, as well as its application on a global level. This will form a theoretical research base and lay the foundations for initial research at institutes and universities, aiming for a comprehensive approach to urban safety analysis.