Effective Crime Prevention Research Articles

A Study of Crime Prevention Effect By Using Drone

A Study of Crime Prevention Effect By Using Drone

Crime Prevention Strategies of Bangladesh: An Analysis

The need to address crime is as old as civilization itself, and while we have always struggled with whether to punish or rehabilitate criminal activity, there has never been any question that the best alternative to ‘crime’ is prevention. The main objective of this study was to identify an alternative analysis of possible effective crime prevention strategies suitable for the socio-economic premises of Bangladesh. Moreover, the study also tried to find out the necessary action for implementation of crime prevention strategies. The comprehensive discussion based on secondary sources as well as documents like journal articles, authentic books. This study finds out the fields of crime prevention include a range of responses developed over many years, includes developmental, environmental, situational, social and community-based crime prevention, and interventions. Although theoretically there are very few crime prevention strategies in Bangladesh in practice, there are various strategies for crime prevention used here institutionally or un-institutionally which includes community-oriented policing and various security measures. Investing in crime prevention could reduce the drawbacks of the conventional criminal justice system. If the crime prevention strategies could ensure properly, crime and criminal victimization could prevent which will reduce the need for formal criminal justice system in Bangladesh.

An Analysis of Crime Prevention Effect of CPTED Elements in Yeomni-dong Using Crime Location Data: Based on Street Segment Analysis Unit

This study aims to investigate the crime prevention effect of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) elements installed in Yeomni-dong Sogum-gil. Although previous studies have emphasized the design and theoretical aspects of CPTED as a crime prevention effect, they have not verified the actual effect of CPTED elements on crime prevention sufficiently. Most of the existing literature has investigated the effect of CPTED elements through surveys that could involve the subjective views of researchers or survey respondents. Hence, this research analyzes the crime prevention effect of CPTED elements using crime location data of Yeomni-dong, Mapo-gu, which used to be one of the most crime-ridden districts in Seoul. By using the Quantum Geographical Information System (QGIS), crime occurrence points and the location of CPTED elements for a target area were converted to geospatial data. By performing an analysis by street segment, the ripple effect of CPTED elements on crime prevention was examined. The analysis shows that among 13 CPTED elements applied to the target area, six elements such as IP camera, play facilities at alleys, exercise facilities, exercise guide boards, SOS House (designated for people s security), and Sogum Naru (community and security facility for residents ) generated significant crime prevention effects, and streets where these elements were installed had a lower crime incidence.

Korupcijos suvokimas tarp ekspertų, gerai informuotų piliečių ir eilinių gyventojų

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
 This article presents an analysis based on Alfred Schutz’s epistemological stratification; it asks how do three epistemic groups perceive the phenomenon of corruption in Lithuania, these three groups being: (1) “experts,” scientists and criminal justice representatives working with corruption cases; (2) “well informed citizens,” politicians and the representatives of mass media, and (3) “people from the street,” ordinary Lithuanian citizens. The analysis is based on the data of focus groups discussions that were performed in the framework of the project “Social Context of Corruption: An Analysis of Macro, Meso and Micro Level Factors” that was implemented at Vilnius University, Faculty of Philosophy during 2015–2017.
 The group discourses are analyzed from perspectives of three levels: (1) corruption as a worldwide phenomenon on a macro level; (2) the extent and forms of corruption on the social-meso level, and (3) the origin of corruption and the concept of the “corrupted man” on the micro-individual level. In the article, it is also analyzed how experts, “well informed citizens” and ordinary people assess the current means of corruption control and prevention in Lithuania and what other suggestions of prevention they have.
 The analysis showed that the main focus of three groups is localized on the meso level, discussing the extent and level of corruption in society, its main forms and corrupted groups. Only little attention is paid to the micro-individual level, where corruption takes it roots as a moral problem. Also, the predominant concept of corruption among ordinary people is almost the same as embedded in criminal law – as a crime committed by white collar individuals who have a particular amount of power at their disposal. Such a narrow legal perception of corruption becomes dysfunctional for effective crime control and prevention as far as it overlooks the widespread culture of corruption that penetrates all social layers, not only the white collars.
 The main criticism of current corruption control and prevention policy is based on its demonstrative ineffective and dysfunctional character, while the main perspective of corruption prevention is seen in general social education and primary socialization. The experts and ordinary citizens view the culture of corruption as possibly being diminished only by strengthening social relations and restoring community commitment.

Learning About Situational Crime Prevention From Offenders: Using a Script Framework to Compare the Commission of Completed and Disrupted Sexual Offenses

The collective knowledge of offenders is one of the richest ways to advance understandings of crime commission and effective crime prevention. Drawing on self-report data from 53 incarcerated offenders in three Australian states and territories, the current article presents an innovative method which, through a crime script framework, allows for a first-time comparison of completed versus disrupted sexual offenses involving adult female and child victims at each stage of the crime commission process. Findings (a) highlight the critical need to boost the efficacy of situational prevention in the crime setup phase of the sexual offense script and (b) showcase how incorporating a script framework in offender-based research can identify new directions for crime prevention

At the Intersection of Disadvantage: Socioeconomic Status Heightens Ethnic Group Differences in Trust in the Police

Although trust in, and cooperation with, the police is critical to effective crime prevention, the relationship between citizens and police can be tenuous, especially for ethnic minorities. However, the impact that membership in multiple marginalised groups has on attitudes toward the police has received limited attention. We address this oversight using a national probability sample of New Zealand adults ( N = 11,669) to examine how the intersection between ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) affects trust in, and willingness to cooperate with, the police. As hypothesised, minorities trusted the police less than did ethnic majority group members. However, ethnic group differences in trust in the police were heightened at low (vs. high) levels of SES. In turn, trust in the police mediated the relationship between minority status and willingness to cooperate with the police. These results demonstrate that (low) SES exacerbates the already fragile relationship between ethnic minorities and the police.

A Study on the Crime Prevention Effect of the CPTED Project in the Low-Income Residential Area - Focusing on Crime and Disorder Statistics -

A Study on the Crime Prevention Effect of the CPTED Project in the Low-Income Residential Area - Focusing on Crime and Disorder Statistics -

The Effect of Various Police Enforcement Actions on Violent Crime: Evidence From a Saturation Foot-Patrol Intervention

The current study tests the crime prevention effect of different police actions conducted during a foot-patrol saturation initiative in Newark, New Jersey. Police actions were categorized into two typologies: enforcement actions (i.e., arrests, quality of life summonses and field interrogations) and guardian actions (i.e., business checks, citizen contacts, bus checks, and taxi inspections). Logistic regression models tested the effect of enforcement and guardian actions on crime during daily (i.e., 24-hr) periods as well as the intervention’s operational (6:00 p.m.-2:00 a.m.) and nonoperational (2:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) periods. Analyses were conducted twice, once for the Operation Impact target area and once for a surrounding catchment zone (to measure spatial displacement). Findings suggest that guardian actions had a greater crime prevention effect than enforcement actions on crime occurrence. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.

USAHA MASYARAKAT MENCEGAH KEJAHATAN

Abstract
 
 Prevention is better than overcoming, efforts to prevent crime by relying on the potential of the community is a big advantage for the creation of effectiveness and ef ciency of crime prevention and mitigation. The rise of crimes that occur in society is a social reality that cannot be denied, crimes not only worry the government also threatens the sense of security for every member of the community. Evil arises and develops in the midst of society, it is even a product of a heterogeneous society, because it is not possible to be destroyed but can only be prevented. Efforts to prevent crime can be done through a social approach by focusing on the role of individuals and members of the community, protecting yourself by not letting go, not providing stimulation will be effective
 in preventing crime.
 
 Keywords: Prevention of crime; mitigation; societ; security.

Hot Spots of Crime and Place‐Based Prevention

AbstractThe August Vollmer Award Address is intended to focus on contributions to justice and on the recipient's research and policy experiences. This contribution begins with the recipient recapping his personal journey to recognizing hot spots of crime and their importance for prevention. He then goes on to summarize the “law of crime concentration” and its importance for the logic model underlying this approach. He describes the seminal Minneapolis Hot Spots Patrol Experiment and the subsequent evaluation research in hot‐spots policing and place‐based prevention more generally that led to its broad acceptance as an effective crime prevention strategy. Finally, the author turns to key unanswered questions in place‐based prevention, focusing on police legitimacy, identifying jurisdictional effects, and emphasizing the importance of harnessing informal social controls.

Theorizing Financial Crimes as Moral Actions

The paper maintains that all acts of financial crimes can be explained within a general theory of moral action and analyzed as such. In this regard, the paper presents such a theory – Situational Action Theory (SAT) – and argues that acts of financial crimes result from a perception-choice process involving rational deliberation and experimental habituation, themselves being the outcomes of interactions between individuals and their environments. To examine this argument, the paper draws on two recent high-profile fraud cases to critically discuss the extent to which these crimes should be meaningfully and innovatively analyzed as moral actions and the moral context in which they occur. The findings indicate that the feature most relevant to a criminogenic is its moral context in relation to the opportunities and frictions that it generates. As such, environmental factors along with psychosocial processes of moral education become particularly important in the explanation of why certain moral contexts emerge in particular kinds of settings at a particular point in time. In this regard, SAT can be used as a powerful overarching framework to gain a more comprehensive understanding of peoples’ choice processes to breach moral rules and devise effective crime prevention strategies to combat fraud.

도시의 물리적환경이 범죄유형별 발생시점별 범죄발생에 미치는 영향

The urban physical environment is expected to influence crime incidence. However, few studies have not fully investigated its differential impacts by crime type and occurrence time. This study employed the negative binomial regression models for the dependent variables on the number of reported crimes, located by the 400m×400m grid cell, by the type (theft and violence) and the time (day and night). In order to analyze influencing factors, the study measured urban environment factors such as building density by use, characteristics of buildings, river, and park, controlling such population measures as population and the ratio of elderly people. Our analysis results are summarized with some findings below. First of all, the urban physical environment determined a little bit more violence crimes than theft one and night crime than day one when comparing the sizes of pseudo R2s, explanatory powers for the models. Second, each physical environment measure play different roles on crime occurrence by its types and time. In conclusion, the study results indicate that it should be applied taking into account the type of crime in introducing the CPTED method leading to crime prevention effects in the city.

FAMILY SOCIAL CONTROL TO BULLYING CULTURE IN HIGH SCHOOL

This research goals is to given the descriptive brief about the form of interaction that applied between social agents, especially the senior and junior in High School (SMA). The research itself told about the transmition of bullying culture that happen in some High School in Jakarta, which done by seniors to their juniors. Also, this research will happen to know how the effectiveness of social crime prevention which applied by family agents as a primary social agent that should prevent any form of violence at school.

Modeling the Scaling Up of Early Crime Prevention

Research SummaryAlthough the amount of research evidence on the effectiveness of developmental crime prevention has grown considerably in recent decades, the translation of this scientific knowledge into policy and practice has lagged behind. In this article, we consider the challenges as well as the opportunities associated with scaling up evidence‐based programs and we offer an approach for considering the potential effects of deviations in implementation protocols during replications. We use results from the series of studies on the Nurse‐Family Partnership (NFP) to develop a computer simulation model. Based on a large number of simulations, we systematically adjusted key inputs (e.g., target population and fidelity) to mimic a range of possible implementation conditions and to observe the impacts on the estimated intervention effects. As the process progresses from the baseline condition, which reflects the initial implementation conditions specified in the NFP model, to alternative experimental scenarios reflecting problematic deviations in implementation, the number of arrests accumulated by treatment participants begins to increase. This indicates that these implementation challenges have a negative impact on program effects and that we can go some way toward predicting what might occur in implementation as they emerge and interact.Policy ImplicationsThe challenges facing program dissemination and their impact on program results have not been enumerated all that precisely in the literature, which has resulted in the assignment of arbitrary penalties when evaluating the prospects for taking programs to scale. Establishing efficacious interventions is only one part of the process of moving research to practice, and further consideration of the scaling‐up process is integral to translational criminology. Informed computer simulation may be one tool to help guide this program implementation process.

Weak Intervention Backfire and Criminal Hormesis: Why Some Otherwise Effective Crime Prevention Interventions Can Fail at Low Doses

Weak Intervention Backfire and Criminal Hormesis: Why Some Otherwise Effective Crime Prevention Interventions Can Fail at Low Doses

High School Dropout, Resource Attainment, and Criminal Convictions

Objectives: To examine the effect of high school dropout on subsequent criminal convictions and how postdropout resource attainment in terms of education and employment may modify such an effect. Methods: Propensity score matching (PSM) using administrative register data covering two full Swedish birth cohorts is employed to assess the effect of dropout on convictions. Event history analysis is used to examine the modifying effect of subsequent resource attainment. Results: The PSM analysis reveals an effect of dropout on convictions for men, whereas no evidence of such an effect is found for women. Returning to school after dropout significantly reduces the crime-inducing effect of dropout among men. Finding occupation after dropout also reduces the risk for criminal conviction but does so independently of the effect of dropout. Conclusion: Since resource attainment after the dropout event modifies the effect on criminal convictions, it is concluded that policies such as lifelong learning strategies promoting opportunities for a “second chance” may, besides their intended consequences, also have crime preventive side effects.

Female criminality in Russia: a research note from a penal colony

ABSTRACTThis article assesses various factors contributing to fluctuating rates of female crime in Russia between 1991 and present. The author uses existing data and modern scientific literature regarding female crime in Russia as a framework for the study. The goal of this article, based on empirical research, is to show trends and tendencies of female crime specifically. The study was done in March 2013 in the Russian penal colony of Vladivostok. A total of 212 women aged between 18 and 64 years were interviewed. Ultimately, the study’s findings will inform trends in female crime, and will contribute to the continued development of more effective crime prevention programmes in Russia.

Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: the impact of its contents' consistency on the effectiveness of crime prevention

Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: the impact of its contents' consistency on the effectiveness of crime prevention

Managing police personnel for effective crime control in Nigeria

This study examines the ways in which police authorities manage their personnel, as well as the factors militating against police authorities in managing their personnel for effective crime control and prevention in Nigeria. The study used both quantitative and qualitative designs to attempt to identify the criteria used in posting police officers. Data were obtained through questionnaires from 360 randomly selected respondents complemented by 15 in-depth interviews (IDI) undertaken in three geo-political regions in Nigeria namely: southeast, southwest and north central. The three geo-political regions were purposively chosen based on the incidences of armed robbery recorded in each. The study also used secondary data sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics and the Nigeria Police Force as reference materials. Simple percentages and chi-squared tests were employed to analyse the collected data. The qualitative data were content analysed. The findings revealed that factors such as crime rate, population size, industrial development and land mass or political interference were not clearly defined criteria used in the posting of personnel. The number of police in a region does not equate to more or less crime; effective crime control and prevention depend on proper and effective utilization, as well as management, of police personnel. Police authorities are culpable of mismanagement of police personnel for personal gain to the detriment of citizens; most states are under-policed and under-staffed. This study also found that factors militating against the effective utilization and management of police personnel include: corruption, political interference, ethno-religious consideration, lack of funds and lack of facilities. Thus, the study recommends among other things, that the distribution of police personnel should be anchored to the population size, industrialization and volume of criminality in a particular place; there should be a gross reduction in the numbers of personnel attached to political officials, whereas those attached to individuals who are not entitled to personal police protection must be withdrawn and efforts made to recruit more people into the police force.

The crime prevention effect of CCTV in public places: a propensity score analysis

This study measures the effect of CCTV in Newark, NJ across three separate crime categories: auto theft, theft from auto, and violent crime. CCTV viewsheds, denoting camera line-of-sight, were units of analysis. Viewsheds for treatment units were created by digitizing live CCTV footage within a geographic information system (GIS). Control viewsheds were created with GIS tools and aerial imagery from Google maps. Treatment cases were matched with control cases via propensity score matching (PSM) to ensure statistical equivalency between groups. Effect was measured via odds ratios and average treatment on the treated statistics. Findings offer modest support for CCTV as a deterrent against auto theft while demonstrating no effect on the other crime types. These results suggest that CCTV appears to be a viable option for jurisdictions wishing to target auto theft. Agencies suffering from other street-level crime problems may not benefit from CCTV and may need to deploy CCTV alongside other evidence-based strategies, rather than as a stand-alone tactic, in order to achieve crime control benefits.