Crime Of Trafficking Research Articles

Social Marketing Strategy for Social Care Programs for Victims of Human Trafficking Crimes

This study aimed to determine the social marketing strategy for social care programs for victims of human trafficking crimes by identifying the reality, mechanisms, challenges, and proposals for activating social marketing for social care programs for victims of human trafficking crimes. The research is descriptive research that aims to describe the social marketing strategy for social care programs for victims of human trafficking crimes. In line with the type of research, the researcher relied on the social survey method with a sample, which is one of the most appropriate methods for descriptive research. The research community was represented by officials in the department of combating human trafficking crimes at the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development and in shelter centers in the kingdom's regions. The research sample was determined by a simple random sample of officials in the Department of Combating Human Trafficking Crimes at the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development and shelter centers in the kingdom's regions, consisting of 121 individuals. The research results confirmed that The challenges of social marketing for social care programs for victims of human trafficking crimes were represented in: interest in superficial advertising aspects of social marketing, lack of marketing skills among those in charge of social marketing programs, lack of good planning for social marketing programs, and poor training of workers in the field of social marketing. The proposals to activate social marketing for social care programs for victims of human trafficking crimes represented: interest in conducting social surveys to determine the needs of victims, building a specialized department in social marketing for social care programs for victims of human trafficking crimes, interest in realistic advertising aspects of social marketing, and measuring victims’ satisfaction with the programs scientifically provided to them.

Animal family discrimination from hair using ATR-FTIR and machine learning methods for applications in illegal wildlife trafficking.

Wildlife forensics plays a pivotal role in the combating illegal trafficking, supporting biodiversity conservation, and aiding in the identification of animals in wildlife. Animal hair, often found in trafficking crimes, serves as vital biological evidence that can provide significant information for animal identification. This study proposes a novel method integrating machine learning classifiers with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode to enhance the effectiveness of animal identification in wildlife forensic casework. Additionally, compound microscopy has also been utilized as a preliminary tool to perform morphological analysis of hair samples from four animal families, including Bovidae, Cervidae, Elephantidae, and Felidae. Further, chemical profiling through spectral data revealed significant overlapping peaks between family Bovidae and Cervidae. The classification experiment provides the random forest (RF) classifier as the most effective for family discrimination model. This research offers valuable insights for wildlife forensics by improving the identification accuracy of unknown hair samples, thus enhancing the overall effectiveness in forensic investigations.

Sex Trafficking in Asia: A Review from Business and Organisational Perspectives

The sex trafficking industry has evolved into a persistent and globally prevalent problem, notably in Asia. It is fundamentally a business-oriented and profit-driven activity. Political, social, and economic issues influence the modus operandi of sex traffickers. The majority of existing studies on sex trafficking in Asia are studied from several viewpoints, including human rights, feminists, and migration, with the least emphasis on the traffickers’ economic and organisational issues. Therefore, this paper will discuss the root causes of sex trafficking in Asia and examine it from a business economic and organisational standpoint, by analysing extensive literature and examining primary and secondary sources. According to these sources, three important factors contribute to the crime of sex trafficking: the supply of potential victims for exploitation in the source countries, the constant demand for trafficked victims in the destination countries, and the presence of organised crime groups acting as intermediaries in the market-driven business enterprise.

Analysis of Case Studies on The Crime of Human Trafficking

Analysis of Case Studies on The Crime of Human Trafficking

CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FEMALE IMPRISONMENT FOR DRUG TRAFFICKING

This article aims, as the proposed theme suggests, to analyze the crime of drug trafficking committed by women, critically verifying the conditioning factors of female criminality. The research question that guides this research is: what factors condition the entry of women into the practice of the crime of drug trafficking? Based on the question presented, the phenomenon of female criminality in drug trafficking was analyzed from a critical perspective, seeking to understand, through studies of marginal feminist criminology and theories that justify entry into criminal activity, the main motivations that influence women's entry into the crime in question. Once the research problem was overcome, alternatives capable of producing positive effects regarding the reduction of female incarceration for drug trafficking were sought, highlighting that decarceration measures present themselves as a possible solution to the problem, since the current prohibitionist drug policy is ineffective. Thus, to achieve the results obtained in this research, the following methodological techniques and procedures were used: i) bibliographic review in works of social sciences, criminal law and criminology, as well as authors who focus on women's relationships with crime from a feminist theoretical framework; ii) analysis of quantitative and qualitative data extracted from official bodies, paying attention to the limitations they present, since there is a great restriction of information.

Investigating organised human trafficking crimes: case studies of police investigations in England

ABSTRACT Investigating organised human trafficking criminality is neither easy nor straightforward. Among the complexity is the need to balance and secure multiple, and often competing, investigative goals. Using case studies of actual human trafficking investigations in England, the present exploratory study provides insights into the tensions between safeguarding victims while also (at the same time) building up evidence against those who exploit them in order to secure a successful prosecution. Findings reveal that factors associated with the assessed level of risk of victims, the intelligence available at the start of the investigation and police resources (balanced with opportunities and risk to secure the investigative goals) influence the investigative approach followed and strategies implemented, particularly those aiming to engage with victims. The exploratory findings illustrate the importance of intelligence in risk assessment and decision-making processes during police operations, but also the need to conduct yet further research on risk assessment within the context of human trafficking investigations to inform policy and decision-making policing practices.

Law Enforcement in Handling Human Trafficking Crimes in the Jurisdiction of the Medan City Police Headquarters (Case Study: Handling of Human Trafficking Crimes by the Criminal Investigation Unit of the Medan City Police Headquarters in 2022-2023)

Law Enforcement in Handling Human Trafficking Crimes in the Jurisdiction of the Medan City Police Headquarters (Case Study: Handling of Human Trafficking Crimes by the Criminal Investigation Unit of the Medan City Police Headquarters in 2022-2023)

A novel gas sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles self-assembly porous networks for morphine drug detection in methanol

Developing efficient drug-detecting technologies is critical to the fight against their related abuse and trafficking crimes. In the present work, a novel morphine detection device based on metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors with low-cost, highly sensitive, and portable is designed and fabricated. The exclusive sensitive material, ZnO nanoparticles self-assembly porous networks (ZnO-N) with ample oxygen vacancies (OV) defects prepared by PVP-chelated precipitation followed by a chemical blowing calcination method, is decisive to morphine drug identification. OV defects can modulate the intrinsic electronic structure and endow ZnO-N with more suitable band structures for enhancing oxygen species adsorption and morphine molecules oxidation. The optimal ZnO-N-2 sensor exhibits positive linear relationship response values of 1.1–8.8 in the concentrations of 2–200 ppm toward the standard morphine drug sample at the optimal operating temperature of 250°C. More importantly, the homemade portable device equipped with the ZnO-N-2 sensor can accurately identify the morphine drug and perform early warning. This work innovatively demonstrates the feasibility of MOS gas sensors for the detection of stashing morphine drugs in methanol, which is of great significance for effectively combating global drug-related crimes.

A scoping analysis of collaborative governance in preventing and dealing with the crime of human trafficking in Indonesia

The present study analyzed the extant literature about the phenomenon of human trafficking in Indonesia. The Scope Analysis examined scholarly journals and publications from 2012 to 2020. We obtained databases from internationally recognized journals such as Scopus and Web of Science. We restricted the time frame based on the available evidence at that moment. The methodology employed in this study involved the identification, collection, and organization of peer evaluations that were published with pertinent details or by delineating the fundamental concepts that constitute the domain of a research investigation concerning chronology, location (nation or setting), source (literature review), and provenance. The findings of the analysis indicated the existence of articles that delved into the circumstances and current state of persons who fell victim to human trafficking, specifically from Indonesia to different regions throughout the globe. The analysis approach was utilized in this study, following the methodological parameters outlined by Arksey and O’Malley in 2005. Moreover, it is anticipated that the Scoping Analysis will generate policy recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to combat and address the illicit trafficking of individuals in Indonesia.

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi yang Melakukan Praktik Perbudakan Terhadap Buruh

The case of slavery practices involving workers at the oil palm plantation company, raises questions about corporate criminal responsibility. The case was revealed after the police received information about workers being held captive and abused at the company. The results of the investigation showed that five casual daily workers were victims of abuse by unscrupulous employees, who also threatened and fired air soft guns. The five victims were then taken to the company hall to be further abused by the suspects. The police named six suspects, including a legislative candidate, who were involved in this case. The investigation also revealed that dozens of workers had experienced inhumane treatment, which resulted in them asking the police for help. This practice of violence has fulfilled criminal elements, so that the perpetrators were charged with various criminal articles, including Article 170, Article 333, Article 335, and Article 351 of the Criminal Code, as well as Article 2 of the Law on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons. Acts of abuse committed by companies and employees against workers show the need for corporate criminal accountability in cases of human rights violations and violence against workers. Strict prevention and law enforcement efforts are needed to protect workers' rights and prevent the recurrence of these harmful practices in the future.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Trafficking di Indonesia: Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia dan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007

Human trafficking is still a major threat in Indonesia. Human trafficking is a cruel and sad phenomenon, especially as those who are trafficked are women and children. Sexual exploitation, coercion, fraud, forced labor, and abuse of power for the perpetrator's monetary gain or personal satisfaction are examples of trafficking victims. Human dignity and rights have been violated in this case. Human trafficking is a serious and cruel crime, which can cause physical, psychological and emotional suffering for victims. Victims of human trafficking crimes are not given much attention, this could be due to the focus on punishment being only given to the perpetrators which then signals the resolution of the problem. Therefore, there is a need for adequate legal protection to guarantee human rights.

Kejahatan Perdagangan Orang Dalam Perspektif Kejahatan Lintas Negara

Regulations regarding cases of cross-border human trafficking in Indonesia have long existed and were confirmed with the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1979. Based on Law Number 7 of 1984 concerning Ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. This was then strengthened by the passing of Law no. On the 21st of 2007, legislation was passed to eradicate the crime of human trafficking. Compliance with the Palermo Protocol and the implementation of Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking is expected to increase legal protection for victims of transnational human trafficking, especially women.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (Human Trafficking) Dalam Persfektif Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang

Human trafficking, also known as human trafficking, is a new form of transnational crime that is increasingly rampant. The crime of trafficking in persons is a modern form of human slavery, the crime of trafficking in persons, has expanded in the form of a network of organized and unorganized crimes. The crime of trafficking in persons even involves not only individuals but also corporations and state administrators who abuse their authority and power, According to Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons Article 1 paragraph (1), human trafficking is the act of recruiting, transporting, sheltering, sending, transferring or receiving a person with the threat of violence, use of violence, kidnapping, detention, forgery, fraud, abuse of power or vulnerable position, debt entanglement or payment or benefit, This type of research is normative legal research, namely research that has the object of study on legal rules or rules. Legal protection for victims of human trafficking is very important, so various efforts are made so that they get the right to become useful human beings before returning to society. As well as efforts to empower economically and educationally so that victims are not trapped again in human trafficking. Adequate legal protection for victims of crime is not only a national issue, but also an international one, because this needs to receive serious attention, including victims of human trafficking. Victims of crime, who are basically the parties who suffer the most in a criminal act, do not receive as much protection as the law gives to criminals. As a result, after the perpetrator of the crime has been sentenced to criminal sanctions by the court, the victim's condition is not cared for.

La trata de personas y su implicancia con la función preventiva del delito en Ayacucho, Perú

The objective of this study is to understand human trafficking in its various forms and its relationship with the preventive function of crime in Ayacucho, Peru, during the year 2023. The methodology employed was descriptive and interpretive qualitative research, based on information collection through interviews conducted with 10 lawyers specialized in the subject. The results obtained indicate that, in Ayacucho, human trafficking occurs without distinction of gender or age. Victims can be both women and men, from different age groups. It is observed that adolescent girls are mainly subjected to sexual exploitation, while adult women and men are victims of labor exploitation, and children are forced into begging. In this context, it has been found that the effective implementation of the preventive function established in the Penal Code regarding the crime of human trafficking in Ayacucho is mostly limited to the theoretical-normative realm, lacking concrete pragmatic actions.

Legal Basis for Deciding Cases of Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence against Minors

This research aims to describe the legal basis for deciding cases of criminal acts of sexual violence against minors. This research uses normative legal research methods. Normative legal research methods are used to analyze and evaluate statutory regulations, legal documents, and other legal literature. This method aims to understand, interpret, and provide insight into applicable legal norms. The research results show that the legal basis for deciding cases of criminal acts of sexual violence against minors is as follows: 1) Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection; 2) Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection; 3) Law Number 17 of 2016 concerning the Determination of Government Regulations in place of Law Number 2 of 2016 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection into Law; 4) Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System; 5) Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking. Apart from this law, there are also government regulations, regional regulations, and other regulations which also regulate child protection and sexual violence against minors in Indonesia.

Organ Trafficking Crime in Indonesia: How is it Implemented and Regulated According to International Law?

Organ Trafficking Crime in Indonesia: How is it Implemented and Regulated According to International Law?

Medicolegal assessment of human trafficking victims. Descriptive study of a series of forensic cases in Catalonia (Spain)

Background and objectiveHuman trafficking or contemporary slavery is the recruitment and transfer of people by force or deception for sexual, labour or other types of exploitation. Although the violence, abuse and deprivation that trafficking entails are a threat to the health of its victims, in Spain the clinical or forensic data available in this regard is scarce. At the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Catalonia (IMLCFC), a unit specialized in the forensic assessment of these victims was created. The objective of this work was to describe a series of forensic cases of trafficking victims. Materials and methodRetrospective study of victims in judicial cases opened for an alleged crime of human trafficking registered in the IMLCFC until 06/30/2023. Results57 different victims were registered. The majority were women (71.9%). The average age was 30.5 years (s.d. 10.31). All the victims were foreigners, mostly from Latin America (45.5%). The exploitation was mainly sexual (61.4%). There were some sociodemographic differences and in the conditions and consequences of trafficking between victims of sexual exploitation and the rest. Mental health problems were very common in all victims at the time of the assessment (87.5%). ConclusionsThe consequences of trafficking on health, especially mental health, are notable and the forensic assessment of victims is valuable in judicial proceedings. It is necessary to deepen our knowledge of the phenomenon in our environment.

Disentangling to Fortify The Crimes of Slavery, the Slave Trade and Human Trafficking

This article offers a brief background to the crimes of human trafficking, slavery and the slave trade which often take place in and as a result of conflict situations, such as in Ukraine. These crimes are, however, often conflated and misunderstood: not only by the general public, but also by professionals working in this field. Even though these crimes are commonly conflated, each crime has specific requirements or elements, and address egregious conduct.Their legal histories and policy base are distinct yet complementary. Their dual juridical availability could provide meaningful, effective redress for women and men, both adult and child survivors. The article intends to contribute to untying the knots, to disentangle the misconceptions of human trafficking from the slave trade and slavery.The endeavour is not theoretical, but practical. It is done to fortify the pursuit of human trafficking as a transnational crime and the slave trade and slavery as international crimes. In short, this article aims to explore, distinguish, and harmonise the available jurisdictions for human trafficking, slavery and the slave trade.

Legal Policy Against the Crime of Women Trafficking in Indonesia

The National Commission Against Violence against Women, also known as Komnas Perempuan, was established over a decade ago in Indonesia. The ratification of numerous policies to protect women also applies in this situation. Paradoxically, there continues to be a significant number of crimes targeting women, with one such crime being the act of trafficking women. The problem is being defined as follows: 1. What is the legal framework governing the offence of human trafficking in women in Indonesia? The implementation of legal policy against the crime of trafficking in women in Indonesia is assessed. Indonesia's legal policy on criminal trafficking of women has been regulated, but its implementation has not been optimal. This is evident from the increasing number of trafficking cases in the country. The Indonesian government needs to take appropriate measures to reduce or minimize these criminal acts. This can enhance underlying variables, such as economic, social, cultural, and political advancements.

Criminological Aspects of Children as Perpetrators in the Crime of Trafficking in Persons (TPPO)

The goal of this study is to inform the public about the findings to support the adoption of laws that penalize those who engage in human trafficking. The study's focus is on legal criminology, namely how to apply punishments against those who commit crimes related to human trafficking and countermeasures against juvenile offenders. This study is about legal normative research. The data gathering technique was done through literature studies and interviews for primary data, document studies for secondary data, and interviews for secondary data. The primary data was used as supporting data. A qualitative analysis and descriptive presentation of the data are made. According to the study, there are several reasons why kids commit crimes related to human trafficking.