Crime Mapping Research Articles

Spatial pattern of burglary in residential neighbourhoods: a case study of Abuja, Nigeria

PurposeAbuja, the capital city of Nigeria, is one of the fastest growing capital cities in sub-Saharan Africa. Recently, the city is experiencing an alarming rate of burglary and violent crimes, while the city planning management frameworks lacks adequate and effective crime mapping, monitoring and management techniques necessary for achieving liveable and safe environment for habitation despite its grandiose spatial planning and aesthetically appealing architectural design as a modern city. Based on police crime records (2007–2018) and geospatial analysis, this paper aims to provide adequate understanding on the interplay of land use configuration and burglary crime formation in residential neighbourhoods of Abuja, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe methods used for the purpose of data collection includes; field survey, Block Environmental Inventory, while inferential statistics and Geographic Information System tools was used for data analysis. The analysis established that Lagos, Nsukka and Enugu Streets are hotspots; while Chief Palace street, Ladoke Akintola and Oka-Akoko streets were found to be cold spots.FindingsThis study, however, established the applicability of crime pattern, opportunity theory and routine activity theory in understanding the rising burglary crime events in the study areas and the link between physical characteristics of street block typology and burglary crime pattern. The results of the analysis has in a way affirmed the positions of the theories, while disagreed with them in cases where the results indicated contrary outcome.Originality/valueThis paper concluded with inference drawn from the results that supported mixed-use development but with built-in crime prevention through environmental design strategies as effective burglary crime prevention mechanisms that contribute to crime rate reduction.

Geospatial Intelligence Training Concept for Terrorism Surveillance, Nigeria to Infusive Sub-Saharan African Countries

The wave of insecurity, terrorism, kidnapping, killing, and shooting of innocent citizens, as well as environmental destruction due to terrorism in Nigeria is of great concern to governments, security operatives and the civil society. Life now means nothing to terrorists operating in the region, as hundreds of people are kidnapped or killed every day. Information about these crimes and atrocities virtually end up on social media with heart breaking photographs, thus bringing down the dignity of man on earth. This paper proposes a geospatial intelligence framework for terrorism surveillance (GIFTS) so that terrorists’ activities in Nigeria could at least be digitized on crime maps, and published as an outcome of surveillance research. The framework will enable scholars designated as research associates from Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), and those from 5 other universities in Nigeria to acquire geospatial intelligence and engage in surveillance research extended to selected sub-Saharan African countries. This will be the first of such framework in the region, adaptable by any institution or organization worldwide. Sadly, Nigeria spent millions of dollars sending micro satellites into the orbit, but most regional researchers do not have access and capacity to use the imagery data and information. This model therefore will have state of the art tools to build geospatial intelligence capacity among scholars, government agencies, police and the military, using training modules on 12 project areas.

Role of Geospatial Technology in Crime Mapping & Analysis: A Case Study of District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan

Crime is a social stigma that needs to be addressed beyond talks. The use of geospatial information technology has become well recognized within the fields of forensic sciences and criminology, especially in the developed world. The current study is an attempt to analyze the distribution and trends of various crime types, including rape, murder, baby kidnapping, vehicle theft, and dacoity in district of Kasur Punjab, Pakistan during the year 2021. (Police station wise crime data) was collected from the District Police Office (DPO), Kasur and interpolation technique was applied and several maps were generated, including crime type, crime rate, and crime density with in study area and statistical illustrations were down users Microsoft Excel software suite. Murder crimes were found highest in the vicinity of Sadar Kasur police station whereas lowest in the vicinity of City Pattoki police station. Alla abad police station reported the highest rape crimes, whereas the lowest crime rate was found in the jurisdiction of Theh Sheikham. Kidnapping were highest in Sadar Kasur and Kot Radhakishen police stations’ vicinity, while it was found to be the lowest in the The Sheikham police station’s jurisdiction. Ganda Singh Wala, Kangan Pur, and Sadar Chunian had the lowest number of vehicle theft, whereas the city Pattoki and Sadar Kasur police stations recorded the highest dacoity crime. The present study suggests that the use of geospatial technology within the study area and beyond by the law enforcement departments can effectively enhance crime control and can help to maintain law and order situations.

Worldwide Crime Map Applications and Usage Tendency

In the dynamic structure of the 21st century, the fight against crime is of increasing interest to the whole society. Law enforcement agencies use crime maps in order to analyze all components of the crime and see them in a single window to develop various scientific strategies. Crime maps that have been used actively for the last 70 years have been given different capabilities with the recent developments in geographic information systems (GIS). In this way, effective crime analyzes can be made, crime prevention tactics and strategies can be developed. Crime information systems, which make it easier to see the events at the desired scale and make quick decisions, are actively used by every law enforcement unit. In some developed countries, crime maps are available to citizens. In our country, a study based on the general framework of a web-based crime information system was carried out with the survey method, which included expectations from the crime map on an international scale. The survey conducted with military personnel of NATO members concluded that a significant majority of respondents were concerned with crime maps and believed that crime maps should be made available to all citizens.

Mapping crime determinants in Central Java: an in-depth exploration through local spatial association and regression analysis

Economic development often brings prosperity to communities, but it can also be accompanied by growing disparities that, when unaddressed, lead to increased crime rates. Central Java, an Indonesian province, has been grappling with a persistent high crime rate, necessitating an in-depth examination of the factors underlying this phenomenon. In this study, we employ a rigorous research methodology, incorporating data sources from the Central Java Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and utilizing key independent variables, including population, unemployment, poverty, Age-Dependency Ratio (APS), and Relative Location Quotient (RLS). Through the application of advanced spatial analysis techniques such as the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) and the Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR), this research offers a nuanced exploration of the spatial relationships and regression analysis of these variables. Notably, the study presents a tree map highlighting crime distribution in Central Java's districts and cities. The findings reveal that these five variables exhibit a 75.48% accuracy in predicting crime in Central Java. Through this comprehensive analysis, our research aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and the community at large, enabling informed strategies for crime reduction and the promotion of a safer, more prosperous Central Java

Geo-Information enabled crime predictive analysis model

Crime is a serious threat to society and handicaps it in its normal functioning with full potential. It also hinders the development of a society along with creating hurts of various kinds and degrees. It is, therefore, required to tackle the crime properly for its control and management. Associated with human society with its very existence, it has been evolving with the time in differing magnitudes. Especially, during the contemporary time of rapid technological and societal change, crime has got new types, forms spatial scale with the advent of globalization since 1990. However, the spatial studies on crimes are recent ones despite place plays an important role in understanding and tackling crimes. The sophisticated geospatial tools like Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System and GPS have provided vast scope to map and study crime in relation to space and other aspects of crime. This study focuses on the crime mapping for the years 2001, 2006, and 2012 covering aspects of crimes like changing patterns and trends, seasonality-diurnality, and zonation maps with identification of hotspots using the latest tools of mapping. It also attempts to work on a spatially enabled Predictive Analysis Model using various characteristics and associations. It is expected to provide a base for highlighting the importance of geographical factors in crime analysis, prediction and management for an intelligence system for the past, present and future. This study has utilized both primary as well as secondary data for the geographical analysis in assessing crime pattern in the area of study.

Data sources for precision public health of obesity: a scoping review, evidence map and use case in Queensland, Australia

BackgroundGlobal action to reduce obesity prevalence requires digital transformation of the public health sector to enable precision public health (PPH). Useable data for PPH of obesity is yet to be identified, collated and appraised and there is currently no accepted approach to creating this single source of truth. This scoping review aims to address this globally generic problem by using the State of Queensland (Australia) (population > 5 million) as a use case to determine (1) availability of primary data sources usable for PPH for obesity (2) quality of identified sources (3) general implications for public health policymakers.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was followed. Unique search strategies were implemented for ‘designed’ (e.g. surveys) and ‘organic’ (e.g. electronic health records) data sources. Only primary sources of data (with stratification to Queensland) with evidence-based determinants of obesity were included. Primary data source type, availability, sample size, frequency of collection and coverage of determinants of obesity were extracted and curated into an evidence map. Data source quality was qualitatively assessed.ResultsWe identified 38 primary sources of preventive data for obesity: 33 designed and 5 organic. Most designed sources were survey (n 20) or administrative (n 10) sources and publicly available but generally were not contemporaneous (> 2 years old) and had small sample sizes (10-100 k) relative to organic sources (> 1 M). Organic sources were identified as the electronic medical record (ieMR), wearables, environmental (Google Maps, Crime Map) and billing/claims. Data on social, biomedical and behavioural determinants of obesity typically co-occurred across sources. Environmental and commercial data was sparse and interpreted as low quality. One organic source (ieMR) was highly contemporaneous (routinely updated), had a large sample size (5 M) and represented all determinants of obesity but is not currently used for public health decision-making in Queensland.ConclusionsThis review provides a (1) comprehensive data map for PPH for obesity in Queensland and (2) globally translatable framework to identify, collate and appraise primary data sources to advance PPH for obesity and other noncommunicable diseases. Significant challenges must be addressed to achieve PPH, including: using designed and organic data harmoniously, digital infrastructure for high-quality organic data, and the ethical and social implications of using consumer-centred health data to improve public health.

Crime Pattern Analysis and Hot Spot Analysis in Bishnupur District of Manipur

Manipur a northeastern state of India reported increasing crime rate as per NCRB records. Crime mapping using GIS environment in India is in budding stage and it is almost nil in the state of Manipur. Mapping different categories of crime/ criminal activity for pattern analysis and hotspot analysis is being done in the Bishnupur District of Manipur. There are alto-gather seven police stations in this district. Present study is dealing with spatial analysis of criminal activities for five years (2016–2020) using Spatial Statistics tool and hotspot analysis (Getis-ord Gi*). Mapping of crime location(point mapping), density map and hotspot analysis map are carried out using ArcGIS. Statistical database of criminal activities were taken up, involving different nature of crime which are categorized as property crime, suicide, crime against women, terrorist act. Date, time and location are also considered for this study. The result of the study shows spatial concentration of criminal activities like property crime records the highest in Nambol, Manipur. Jurisdiction under Nambol Police Station recorded the highest number of crime as compare to other police stations of the district during this period. And that Keibul Lamjao Police Station recorded the lowest number of criminal activities. Crime pattern analysis is definitely going help in improving our understanding of the dynamics of unlawful activities and can enhance prediction policing. Policy makers of police department will be benefited from complex maps of criminal activities in Tactical crime analysis.

Crime mapping and analysis in the Kotwali thana region of Ajmer city

Crime mapping and analysis in the Kotwali thana region of Ajmer city

Forensic GIS in Crime Mapping of North-West Region of Bihar, India

Forensic GIS in Crime Mapping of North-West Region of Bihar, India

Spatial Distribution of Crime in Bangladesh: An Analysis

Crime mapping has become popular as a way of analysing the spatial distribution of crime, and its use enables effective crime prevention strategies to be employed based on the analysis of hotspots. However, in Bangladesh crime mapping using Geographic Information System (GIS) is still in its infancy. This paper intends to focus on the spatial distribution of crime throughout the major administrative divisions of Bangladesh and to explore how it varies according to region. Its objective is to fill the existing knowledge gap in terms of the spatial distribution of crime in Bangladesh with the help of GIS software. All associated issues behind any crime patterns in different regions have been analysed here using references from established research. This study also illustrates the trend analysis of crime in the last three years, from 2016 to 2018, to understand the patterns of crime distribution as per present administrative divisions. It also focuses on the relative frequency of incidents of crime in all the regions of Bangladesh. Additionally, this study indicates that areas with big cities (Dhaka and Chattogram) are more prone to harbouring a greater number of offenders than other areas. As an initial study using GIS-based computerised crime mapping in Bangladesh, this research may have an important role in showing division wise crime distribution.

Role of Traffic Network in Monitoring Crime and Violence Patterns in Karachi

Crime and geographical accessibility has very special relationship, if monitored on appropriate time it could resolve many complex issues of the crime dynamics. Karachi being the largest city of Pakistan is also very high in the intensity of street crimes that often has very close relationship with the network of the roads. This paper will assess the potential of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for the analysis of crime pattern and its relationship with the road network in Karachi that would be beneficial for various crime agencies. Present research aims to provide a collective set of methods and techniques for geospatial analysis and 3D mapping of crime scenes. After identification of Hotspots assessment of relationships between robbery or snatching clusters and their spatial neighborhood is initiated by including the urban milieu. For obtaining the desired target copious geospatial data as well as a three-dimensional model is included for analysis. The combined and mutual effort of crime mapping methods with modern 3D modelling helps to facilitate on the spot clutch of multipart spatial phenomena in mapping of crime, and fruitful for both, the communal and responsible decision makers.

Urban Crime Mapping: A Review

The imperfection of man is the banes of all criminal activities worldwide. More so, global urbanization and technological advancement seem to catalyze the frequency and complexity of criminal activities generally. Crime in its entire ramification is a critical issue that has gained significant attention in most countries of the world Nigeria inclusive. In view of the alarming rate of crime globally and the GIS utilities, this paper therefore carried out a review of the principles and theories of crime mapping, types of crime mapping and the nexus between poverty and urban crime. The paper further examined the relationship between urban design and spatial dimension of urban crime, and the implication for Urban and Regional Planning professional education as one of the key players in environmental management. It is therefore recommended that the teachings of Urban and Regional Planning in educational institutes should include the key theories within environmental criminology. While national and international conferences and workshops around urban and regional planning should presently revolve around settlement safety and urban governance.

Crime Pattern Analysis, Visualization and Pridiction Using Data Mining

Crime against women these days has become problem of every nation around the globe many countries are trying to curb this problem. Preventive are taken to reduce the increasing number of cases of crime against women. A huge amount of data set is generated every year on the basis of reporting of crime. This data can prove very useful in analyzing and predicting crime and help us prevent the crime to some extent. Crime analysis is an area of vital importance in police department. Study of crime data can help us analyze crime pattern, inter-related clues& important hidden relations between the crimes. That is why data mining can be great aid to analyze, visualize and predict crime using crime data set. Classification and correlation of data set makes it easy to understand similarities & dissimilarities amongst the data objects. We group data objects using clustering technique. Dataset is classified on the basis of some predefined condition. Here grouping is done according to various types of crimes against women taking place in different states and cities of India. Crime mapping will help the administration to plan strategies for prevention of crime, further using data mining technique data can be predicted and visualized in various form in order to provide better understanding of crime patterns.

Features of criminological planning

The paper discusses the features of criminological planning. The conceptual apparatus that acts as a tool for criminological planning and crime prevention is clarified. A number of concepts as «criminological planning», «strategic plan», «crime mapping», «individual planning» are characterized. A number of reasons that motivate people to break the law are identified; the most significant sociological theories of crime also are identified. It is emphasized that in connection with urbanization, the features of criminological planning also undergo certain changes and modifications. Innovative methodologies appear with the appropriate set of principles, methods and technologies, which are specially selected to solve a specific criminological problem. By means of a comparative analysis, the most stable differences in the concepts of «criminological planning» and «criminological forecasting» have been identified. The theory of crime, types and stages of criminological planning are considered; the necessary set of methods, techniques, techniques and tactics for the implementation of criminological planning to achieve the goals and objectives on the path to sustainable development of the state. A set of proposals and recommendations for improving criminological planning in the light of current trends has been formulated and substantiated. The main strains of optimizing criminological planning are: the formulation of the system of state anti-criminological educational policy; cooperation with institutions of community support; introduction into practice of foreign experience in conducting strategic sessions; the formation of a creative position, necessary for the implementation of thorough management of anti-criminological programs.

Maczokni/crimemapping_textbook_bookdown: Crime mapping textbook from 2018/19 academic year

maczokni/crimemapping_textbook_bookdown: Crime mapping textbook from 2018/19 academic year

Analysis of current practical solutions of crime mapping information systems

Crime mapping information systems are currently a commonly used tool by public authorities, primarily for the police, security forces and services, local and regional government, as well as for the inhabitants of a certain territory. The main idea of ​​creating these systems is to monitor and evaluate the current security situation, which is significantly affected by the active or passive activities of the police or other entities dealing with security issues. An important part is also the knowledge of the security situation on the part of the population, in which a certain state of security can evoke a feeling of security and vice versa.

NUSIKALTIMŲ KLAIPĖDOJE ŽEMĖLAPIAVIMAS: NUO NUSIKALTIMŲ FIKSAVIMO IKI AIŠKINIMO IR PREVENCIJOS

The article discusses the classic sociological question about the links between poverty and delinquency, whether the urban areas with a dense concentration of people living in social housing, common lodging-houses and hostels are more prone to crimes? Does living nearby such social objects means a higher risk for nearby residents? The article suggests that social housing, common lodging-houses and hostels meant for homeless asylum seekers and their families could only hypothetically be considered to be the areas with higher crime rates. Using the data available at the Department of Social Housing of Klaipėda City Municipality about the location of such housing in the city (localisation structure), the method of crime mapping, and the opportunities provided by a Geographic Information System, we have attempted to evaluate empirically the links between delinquency and the urban areas populated by socially vulnerable and economically disadvantaged people. The article provides the preliminary data of the research. This research has been funded by a grant (MIP-085/2014) from the Research Council of Lithuania.

Modeling Spatial Variation of Money Laundering Crime in Indonesia Using Geographically Weighted Multinomial Logistic Regression

This document presents the mapping of crime in Indonesia. Crime is a real threat that needs to be optimally handled which increases significantly and it is very detrimental to the country’s economy. The crime that occurred created another more serious crime, namely Money Laundering Crime. The impact of Money Laundering Crime is the flow of illicit fund through the payment system to financial service providers as well as providers of goods and services. The perpetrator of Money Laundering crime is a player who is shrewd and familiar with the state financial system, so that the flow of funds does not involve a region but will expand to other areas in a country. This study analyses the spatial variations in the factors causing the Money Laundering crime in Indonesia by using a Geographically Weighted Multinomial Logistic Regression (GWMLR) technique. In this document, the GWMLR method is used to model the Money Laundering Crime and its explanatory variables by considering the effect of geographic location using the Adaptive Kernel weighting function. The response variables were divided into four categories with nominal scales by combining the general criminal case and money laundering crime.

Examining the Spatial Distribution of Crime by Victim Characteristics

ABSTRACT It is well known that victims do not consistently report crimes. More problematically, victims in disadvantaged neighborhoods with high percentages of minority residents are not likely to report at high rates. Crime mapping is often considered at an aggregate level; however, the present study examines crime from a victim-perspective to better understand how crime is distributed by victim characteristics. Results reveal interesting similarities and differences in the geographical distribution of crime when disaggregated by victim race. Implications and directions for future research are also discussed.