and its aftermath upon crime, with special reference to England and Germany.' The present chapter will deal with such effects of the second world conflict upon crime in England as can so far be observed.2 At the outset, however, it is important to note, first, that it is much too early to make anything but tentative statements, and second, that there is at present hardly any reliable information at our disposal with regard to countries outside the United Kingdom. Our previous studies have clearly brought out the fact that any generalizations on the subject are likely to be misleading, since, as a crime-producing factor, each war has its own characteristics. If this was true of pre-Hitlerian wars, it has surely today become a commonplace. To describe the criminological implications of totalitarian warfare, traditional conceptions will have to be either considerably modified or entirely abandoned.