Credulous Approach Research Articles

Una prospettiva costruttivista nella terapia (non necessariamente costruttivista) per persone straniere o migranti

Changes in migratory flows and the constant and unstoppable process of cultural hybridization of our society forces therapists to define and develop interventions specifically aimed at people with recent or significant migration history. The aim of this article is to outline some principles based on a constructivist perspective that may support such a process. By integrating theoretical and clinical reflections, we focused on the crucial role of the following George A. Kelly’s and other authors’ assumptions: credulous approach, narrative perspective and non-verbal constructions. We tried to motivate how a constructivist perspective should not necessarily be constrained to interventions defined as constructivist, but rather to act as a starting point for a clinical practice aimed at supporting foreigners or migrants.

Some Recent Place Compilation Documentaries

Thom Anderson, writer, director, producer. Los Angeles Plays Itself . Thom Anderson Productions, Los Angeles, 2003, not available on DVD, 169 min. Terence Davies, writer, director, narrator. Of Time and the City: A Love Song and a Eulogy . Hurricane Films, Liverpool, 2008, DVD, 73 min. Yael Hersonski, director. A Film Unfinished . Oscilloscope Laboratories, New York, 2011, DVD, 90 min. Home Movie Day . www.homemovieday.com/. Ken Jacobs, director. New York Ghetto Fishmarket 1903 . Tzadik, New York, 2007, DVD, 132 min. The Life of a City: Early Films of New York, 1898–1906 . http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/papr/nychome.html. Moving History . http://www.movinghistory.ac.uk/. Sagar Mitchell and James Kenyon. Electric Edwardians: The Lost Films of Mitchell and Kenyon . Oscilloscope Laboratories/Milestone Films, New York, 2009, DVD, 85 min. Peoples’ Stories: Liverpool Lives . http://www.peoples-stories.com. During the last decade, there have been a number of attempts to reconstruct historical places by assembling old film and video footage. The results provide architectural and urban historians with previously forgotten documentary evidence as well as an innovative vehicle for scholarship. While mainstream documentary film traditions have focused on capturing the present—especially in the classic city films such as Manhatta (Charles Sheeler and Paul Strand, 1921) and Chelovek s kinoapparatom / Man with a Movie Camera (Dziga Vertov, 1929)—an alternative tradition focused on capturing the past has also flourished. In his 1964 monograph Films Beget Films, Jay Leyda coined the term compilation film for this genre. The compilation film, according to Leyda, originated in 1898, when Francis Doublier assembled unrelated Lumiere shorts into a bogus documentary of the Dreyfus affair.1 The form reached an early peak in Padenie dinastii Romanovykh / The Fall of the Romanov Dynasty (Esfir Schub, 1927), and flourished during World War II ( The True Glory , Reed & Kanin, 1945, and the Why We Fight series, Frank Capra, 1942–45). After the war, NBC’s Victory at Sea (1957) established a compilation format that remains the default style of history documentaries on TV. In the last ten years, this format has come into vogue again in theaters. The movies discussed here illustrate some currently popular approaches to urban historiography via archival footage, which might be categorized as credulous, critical, appropriative, or investigative. The credulous approach, emphasizing what is represented in the footage, tends to present film as a nostalgia-laden artifact to be mined for details. Early cinema’s brief, unedited, storyless, and characterless views of people and places known as “actualities” are sitting ducks for this kind of appropriation (e.g., Ken Burns and Lynn Novick’s 2011 Prohibition ). But no movie is safe, and credulous zeal can leach …

Construing The Construction Processes Of Serial Killers And Other Violent Offenders: 2. The Limits Of Credulity

This article presents a categorization of pathways to violence and homicide, including serial killing, in terms of personal construct theory. Violent offenders’ reactions to their offences are considered in relation to the degree of consistency between their actions and their construing of the self and the world. Implications for the assessment and treatment of people who have committed acts of homicide or violence are discussed; and the extent to which it is possible and desirable to adopt a credulous approach with such individuals is explored, including consideration of the truth of offenders’ accounts, the therapeutic relationship, and moral relativism.

Personal Construct Perspectives on Forensic Psychology Editor: Horley JamesPersonal Construct Perspectives on Forensic PsychologyBrunner-Routledge£15.99 Pages: 215 158391224X158391224X

As one can tell by its title, this book does not address worries related to routine clinical practice – unless, that is, the reader works in foren- sic mental settings and/or is interested in constructivist psychology. Seven chapters of the book are written by clinicians, with each chapter providing informative and illustrative case descriptions and discussions. Though limited in number, the chapters address a range of forensic-related issues, ranging from a credulous approach to violence and homicide to stress in police officers.

Constructivist therapy with serious disturbances.

Abstract There have been few systematic applications of constructivist principles to the therapy of severe disturbances, despite an increased interest in constructivist therapies (e.g., Neimeyer & Mahoney, 1995) and data suggest that psychotherapy with seriously disturbed persons is cost effective (Karon, 1992). We address this neglect in two ways. First we describe four important principles of constructivist therapy (the credulous approach, the invitational mode, transitive diagnosis, and optimal therapeutic distance) and illustrate the implications of these principles in the therapy of severely disturbed persons. Next, we discuss constructivist understandings of hallucinations, delusions, and destructive acting out, symptoms seen in severe disturbances that are anxiety arousing for therapists. Finally, the therapeutic implications of these constructivist conceptualizations are discussed.

Humanistic psychology and personal construct theory.

Abstract This article describes the strong bond which exists between humanistic psychology and George Kelly's personal construct psychology. First, it examines humanistic concepts found in personal construct psychology such as constructive alternativism, the credulous approach, role relationships, the invitational mood, transitive diagnosis and the anti‐reductionistic, holistic approach to understanding the person. Next, it reviews Kelly's impact on the development of other humanistic theories. Lastly, it examines humanistic elaborations of personal construct theory.

Personal Construct Integrative Complexity and the Credulous Approach

Kelly's (1955) theory of personal constructs suggests the therapist is most effective if his orientation to clients is credulous. The credulous approach requires the therapist to seek an understanding of the person's experience, in its complexity and uniqueness. instead of simply evaluating the person along preestablished dimensions of good vs bad. The credulous approach is assumed to lead to the development of myriad dimensional views of people by supporting spontaneous, unguarded exploration. Such understanding is assumed to facilitate the client's transcendence of conflicrs and impoverished perspectives. Chambers (1983) developed a measure of such myriad dimensional construction. The measure, called integrative complexity, correlated with the Cattell 16 PF measures of openmindedness, trust, and spontaneity vs closedmindedness, mistrust, and rigidity. These findings suggest the more credulous person is also more integratively complex. In another study, Chambers (1985) found the integratively complex person is better at resolving inconsistent information about another person. In the present study this line of reasoning is extended by determining whether subjecu asked to behave in a credulous vs incredulous manner tend to be more inregratively complex. Forty-four undergraduates participating for academic credit completed coordinate grids (Chambers, 1983), that is, each ranked a set of people to one another in terms of their general similarity. This produces a square matrix of ranks. Integrative complexiry is determined by subtracting this matrix from its transpose and summing the absolute values of the differences. The lower the sum, the greater the integrative complexity. To inspire a credulous orientation, 22 subjects were asked to complete a grid containing 10 people they understood well. An incredulous orientation was developed by asking the second 22 subjects to complete a grid made of 10 people they mistrusted. Results suggest the credulous orientation led to grids of greater integrative complexity. The mean for the credulous group was 180.36 (SD 24.75, n 22). The mean for the incredulous group was 194.7 (SD 29.08, n 22). Means were significantly different (t4= = 1.72, p < .05). The results were modest but suggest people may be more integratively complex about people they understand than those they mistrust. This is consistent with Kelly's views on the credulous approach. More work is needed and might lead to a betrer understanding of the complexities of therapeutic processes.

INTEGRATIVE COMPLEXITY, COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY AND IMPRESSION FORMATION

Personal construct integrative complexity (I-C) refers to the assimilation of complex information into a system of impressions. Consistent with Kelly's (1955) theory of personal constructs, Chambers (1983; 1985) found I-C subjects tended to use a credulous approach to life and were better at resolving conflicting information in forming impressions. In similar research, Crockett et al. (1975) showed a measure of cognitive complexity (C-C) interacted with a credulous cognitive set to be predictive of conflict resolution. In the present study, I-C and C-C are compared, in interaction with cognitive set, as predictors of conflict resolution.