Creation Of Artifacts Research Articles

The interplay between volunteers and firm’s employees in distributed innovation: emergent architectures and stigmergy in open source software

AbstractThis paper focuses on the interplay between firms and open and collaborative innovation communities. We develop a formal model where both volunteers (agents setting their agendas freely) and firm’s employees (agents whose agenda is mostly set by their employer) participate in the creation of a common artifact. In this framework, we discuss how firms can influence the architecture of the emerging product to assure fast and performant development and a desirable distribution of innovative labor within the project team. We find that closing the project only to employees implies high speed and performance if employees are given autonomy in certain dimensions and are directed in others. In this case, however, we observe a trade-off in terms of ideal core–periphery division of labor on one side and development speed and performance on the other side. At the opposite extreme, creating a volunteer-only project can ease the trade-off but assures positive results only if the firm is able to set up an entry mechanism that “surgically” selects volunteers with specific preferences. A mixture of both employees and volunteers can strike a good balance, relaxing the two constraints.

Project-based Learning in Teaching Subtitling Course at English Study Program Politeknik Negeri Jember

This paper aimed to describe the implementation of project-based learning in teaching subtitling course of English Study Program Politeknik Negeri Jember. Project-based learning is an approach in classroom that is designed to engage students to do deep investigation on complex and authentic problem then making products. It is a kind of method that uses problems as a first step in collecting and integrating new knowledge based on experience in real activity. The steps are; (1) driving questions; (2) focus on learning goals; (3) scientific practices; (4) collaborative activities; (5) learning technology scaffold; (6) creation of artifact. After finishing the whole activities, all students were able to produce a video subtitling in 5 to 7 minutes long. It also helped them to work effectively and do collaborative work with their peers.

Infographics in higher education: A scoping review

In education, infographics may be used to promote active learning and engage learners in the creation of more diverse learning artefacts. This study aims to analyze the application of infographics in higher education. The authors conducted a scoping review of the scientific articles to analyze the use of infographics across a variety of university subjects. The findings revealed that the most frequent educational practices were those that merged both ready-made infographics and students’ hands-on experience in creating their own infographics. Such learning activities facilitated the learning of the subject-related material and helped students to advance with the creation of this popular form of modern communication. The tasks including infographics also represented an enhanced mission of higher education as students were given opportunities to develop a number of personal and career readiness skills and capabilities simultaneously, such as digital, visual and information literacy, critical thinking, creativity, communication and collaboration skills. The educational recommendations and technological solutions proposed might diversify teaching and learning practices in higher education.

Adopting educational robotics and coding to open dialogic spaces in lower secondary education

This article explores how the adoption of educational robotics, cloud-based animation software, and simplified visual programming software can provide valuable opportunities for dialogic interaction and learning. The potentialities of this type of activity are often overlooked in dialogic investigations. Based on empirical illustration, we discuss how open-ended educational tasks involving the creation of material-digital artifacts can promote the expression of the students’ voices and the emergence of a dialogic space in which both human and non-human Others, as well as chronotropic dynamics and materiality, play a crucial role. To provide a polyphonic account of the dialogical processes detected, we analyzed excerpts from two group interviews with seven lower secondary school students (aged 11-12) and excerpts taken from meetings with their teacher. Our qualitative analysis shows that the technology-mediated activity provided valuable opportunities for opening a dialogic space in which the students could express their own voice in interaction with both human and non-human Others. The material world (including the virtual materiality of computer-generated objects) seems to play a twofold role. First, the resistance of the virtual and material objects can contribute to the opening of a dialogical space between the child and the world; second, the chronotopic relations seem to have an impact on the dialogic learning process. These are valid opportunities for educationally relevant dialogic interaction. They should be cultivated and supported to further advance the pedagogical value of educational robotics and coding.

Value-based modeling for mobile health application development.

In this paper is presented the use of value-based modeling, traditionally a business development tool, for the improvement of mobile health app design. The conceptual foundations for this work are design science, which is the scientific study and creation of artifacts, and convergence, which is a research method that in this case combines engineering with medicine. Relevant previous work done by the research team included the modeling of a case management system using process-based and information-based modeling techniques. Value-based modeling represents actors who are exchanging with each other things of economic value, including service outcomes. The focus is on how value objects are offered, accepted, and exchanged in a network. Value-based models do not describe how transactions occur, but rather the net value of those transactions. This technique was applied to the design development of a mobile application system for the improvement of access to health services. Significant value-based modeling was performed. These models highlighted the importance in healthcare delivery of effective value exchanges. The results revealed a limitation on the net value of services delivery. These were related to constraints of time, cost, and responsibility. A design improvement was proposed: The development of an automated decision-making subsystem within the machine learning component of the app system. This subsystem would recommend between-visit micro adjustments to the plan of care based upon protocols established by the healthcare provider. Such would provide an agile response to the patient's changing needs as well as an amelioration to the challenges of access to services.

ART EDUCATION FOR LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS: CASE STUDY OF VISUAL ARTEFACTS PRODUCED BY HEARING-IMPAIRED PUPILS OF TETTEH OCLOO STATE SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF

Formal education becomes most authentic, inclusive, and learner-centred when Art is at its forefront. The Arts provide learners with authentic learning experiences that engage their minds, hearts, hands, and entire bodies. The general relevance of Art education for learners with special educational needs has been variously and solidly argued by previous studies. However, much is not known about the creative artefacts of learners with special educational needs. The focus of this qualitative case study was to artistically appreciate selected visual artefacts produced by hearing-impaired pupils of Tetteh Ocloo State School for the Deaf located at Adjei-Kojo, a suburb of Accra in Ghana. Adopting triangulation of instruments (semi-structured interviews, field observation & photography), the study gathered in-depth data from sixteen (16) purposively sampled respondents with findings analysed using qualitative descriptive tenets. The study ascertained that the Creative Arts subject is dedicatedly taught in Tetteh Ocloo State School for the Deaf by Art specialist teachers. As a result, the study observed that the hearing-impaired primary pupils of Tetteh Ocloo State School for the Deaf were able to produce intriguing Visual artefacts (ranging from drawings/painting, clay work & papercraft). Aesthetic appreciation of some of the artefacts revealed that the works represent the oral accounts of the pupils’ worldview of salient experiences in their immediate social and physical environments. It is recommended that the Art specialist teachers of Tetteh Ocloo State School for the Deaf should continue to teach the Creative Arts subject with dedication as this would nurture and inculcate the needed creative, innovative, and inventive skills onto the pupils for responsible adulthood.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0937/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Rodent scavenging of pig remains potentially increases oviposition sites for primary colonizers.

The feeding of vertebrate scavengers on animal remains has been noted for at least 30years in relation to the creation of postmortem artifacts. However, the subsequent impact on other necrophagous arthropods, which interact with these remains has not been well documented. Herein, we report a rodent (Rattus spp.) feeding event that altered a perimortem wound beneath the jaw of a decomposing swine carcass. Point trauma such as this has been cited as insufficient for insect colonization; however, the resulting enlargement of the wound due to scavenger feeding has the potential to serve as an oviposition site where colonization would typically not be expected otherwise (i.e., in the absence of a wound or the presence of a small wound such as point trauma). In fact, colonization was observed surrounding the site of scavenger alteration. If scavenger artifacts (e.g., postmortem alteration of remains by feeding) are not identified appropriately and recognized for the effects they may have on necrophagous arthropods then associated assessments in forensic investigations could be affected.

3D Scanning/Printing: A Technological Stride in Sculpture

The creation of innovative tools, objects and artifacts that introduce abstract ideas in the real world is a necessary step for the evolution process and characterize the creative capacity of civilization. Sculpture is based on the available technology for its creation process and is strongly related to the level of technological sophistication of each era. This paper analyzes the evolution of basic sculpture techniques (carving, lost-wax casting and 3D scanning/printing), and their importance as a culture footprint. It also presents and evaluates the added creative capacities of each technological step and the different methods of 3D scanning/printing concerning sculpture. It is also an attempt to define the term “material poetics”, which is connected to sculpture artifacts. We conclude that 3D scanning/printing is an important sign of civilization, although artifacts lose a part of material poetics with additive manufacturing. Subsequently, there are various causes of the destruction of sculptures, leaving a hole in the history of art. Finally, this paper showcases the importance of 3D scanning/printing in salvaging cultural heritage, as it has radically altered the way we “backup” objects.

Identifying Blunt Force Traumatic Injury on Thermally Altered Remains: A Pilot Study Using Sus scrofa.

Simple SummaryHuman remains are often burned in an effort to conceal the identity of the victim and/or obscure traumatic injuries related to the death event. Thermal exposure can produce artifacts resembling trauma and disguise preexisting trauma. However, there is a paucity of experimental studies with varied results addressing the differentiation of thermally induced artifacts from traumatic signatures. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a small-scale study using domestic pigs as correlates to test the impact of thermal alteration on blunt force trauma to the cranium. Two tools (e.g., hammer and crowbar) were utilized to manually inflict injuries on the human analogs before controlled burning in an outdoor environment. The results of this experiment demonstrated that the most diagnostic variable to differentiate thermally induced alternations from blunt force fractures was fracture pattern.In forensic scenarios involving homicide, human remains are often exposed to fire as a means of disposal and/or obscuring identity. Burning human remains can result in the concealment of traumatic injury, the creation of artifacts resembling injury, or the destruction of preexisting trauma. Since fire exposure can greatly influence trauma preservation, methods to differentiate trauma signatures from burning artifacts are necessary to conduct forensic analyses. Specifically, in the field of forensic anthropology, criteria to distinguish trauma from fire signatures on bone is inconsistent and sparse. This study aims to supplement current forensic anthropological literature by identifying criteria found to be the most diagnostic of fire damage or blunt force trauma. Using the skulls of 11 adult pigs (Sus scrofa), blunt force trauma was manually produced using a crowbar and flat-faced hammer. Three specimens received no impacts and were utilized as controls. All skulls were relocated to an outdoor, open-air fire where they were burned until a calcined state was achieved across all samples. Results from this experiment found that blunt force trauma signatures remained after burning and were identifiable in all samples where reassociation of fragments was possible. This study concludes that distinct patterns attributed to thermal fractures and blunt force fractures are identifiable, allowing for diagnostic criteria to be narrowed down for future analyses.

The influence of remote work in particular during the Covid-19 pandemic on changes in human behaviour patterns within organisations

Objective: The sudden occurrence of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, colloquially called COVID-19, brought about the necessity of redefining all the existing organisational patterns within companies. This article carried out an analysis of selected important changes in employee individual behaviour patterns and changes taking place in organisational structure in the context of the transition to remote work in the home office system. Additionally, threats stemming from that and challenges for the managerial staff were discussed. The analysis of changes in behaviour has been done on the basis of research carried out by external institutions studying changes in organisations, which have been caused by the transition to remote work mode. Research Design & Methods: When working on this conceptual work, the Authors analysed a few selected issues concerning the organisational changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and implemented by external orgnisations or research departments of a company. They also performed a though analysis of the current publications concerning the change of the staff behaviour in a given organisation, and in a more general sense, the disappearance of the organisational culture. Findings: The results of the analysis of the examined topic point out that the change of working style from an office work to a remote work will affect the organisational culture and change the staff behaviour. Some staff members who worked on a remote basis could not take part in the creation of the current artefacts, values and basis objectives of the organisational culture, which will result in the fact that new, previously unknown behaviours, will appear in an organisation. Implications & Recommendations: As a result of the change of organisational culture and individual staff behaviours, and of the disappearance of the artefacts and organisational values caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, an organisation’s management should strengthen the staff identification with the organisation and thus, perhaps, redefine common values shared by all the staff and organisation. In order to specify the scope of the lack of common identification and individual behaviours, some research should be carried out within an organisation, identifying the necessity of re-establishing the values and new behaviours within a company. Contribution & Value Added: The paper presents possible changes within the area of organisational culture and individual behaviours of the staff, as these factors had never before been faced with such a great challenge of survival and had never before undergone such a large change as during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic and also later on, when organisations continued online work. The paper is the first attempt to analyse possible changes of individual organisational behaviours and to measure the effect of remote work on organisational culture.

Landscapes of the Past. Interactions with Prehistoric Monuments and Early Medieval Conversion Practices Between Sardinia and the British Isles

In some peripheral parts of Europe, prehistoric menhirs, dolmens, henges, and other megalithic constructions made such strong marks on the terrain that they became integral to the landscape. In the Middle Ages, such monuments were often used as landmarks or boundary markers and, indeed, ended up in coeval descriptions of the territory. In some instances, prehistoric monuments were Christianized to promote the conversion of “pagan” populations; in other cases, they stimulated the creation of stone artifacts - stelae, crosses, standing stones - that might have been used as well as instruments of conversion. The investigation in this article revolves around analysis of the landscape of Sardinia, medieval descriptions of Sardinia’s terrain, and examination of some early medieval stone artifacts there. Parallels found in similar contexts in the British Isles are also considered.

A Tale of a Traumatized Mother in “Liwang 2006”

Nepal has been known a land of peace. But, due to various factors, this country has witnessed many facets of violence in different parts. A decade long conflict between the rebel and national security force that devastated the country’s economic, political, social and cultural discourse has become an integral part for creation of new genres for readers and writers. This mnemonic past along with other historical details, as an integrative focal point has induced creative mind to generate the lifelike situation i.e. disappearance of Purnaman, characters i.e. Dilsara, Bainsamali, Chitra Bahadur Punmagaretc along with their creative artifacts. Rajkumar Dikpal, a prolific storyteller in Nepali literature edifies these characters in his story “Liwang 2006”in th the background of ten years long Maoist insurgency. It unfolds an old mother who has lost her only son who used to dream of her only happiness. And the trauma of these commoners is a means to represent the political scenario of the nation.

Visualizing data visualization: a systematic literature mapping by Brazilian design researchers

This paper integrates and expands reflections in the academic Brazilian literature on data visualization from a design perspective between the years 2010 and 2020. It is based on a systematic literature mapping method of 42 articles. The results show the institutions affiliation of researchers and their geographical distribution; the evolution over the years of publications; the methodological approaches and authors cited; the types of studies; and the visualization artifact generated and the design tools employed in this process. Specifically, the results show that The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) is the institution with the highest concentration of papers and that the southeast region concentrates the most significant number of institutions. The years with the most publications are 2015 and 2019. Although most articles adopt an ad-hoc methodology, two publications use the Ben Fry methodology and its adaptations. Edward Tufte is the most cited author. There is a concentration of authors in the conceptualization of infographics and data visualization. Finally, the creation of artifacts is the most common type of study, Processing is the most popular design tool to create a data visualization, and visualization in Processing is the most frequent result of a study.

News, Events, Publications, and Awards

News, Events, Publications, and Awards

Projectability and Heritage Management of Design Knowledge: A Grass-Roots Artefact Perspective of a Longitudinal Research Project for Knowledge Management System Innovation

This article expands on design science-research (DSR) publications which—based on current knowledge management systems (KM/KMS) and practices—are conceptualizing and prototyping a novel more generative and knowledge-worker-centric approach just presented as a desirable sustainable KMS vision. The perspective taken follows up on recent systematic literature reviews and content analysis studies reporting on the poor knowledge accumulation and evolution in the design, information science, and KM disciplines. Proposed remedies and initiatives are pitched against the novel KMS development case with its longitudinal stream of research output. As the design and creation of complex innovative artefacts facing ‘wicked’ challenges are seldom complemented by concurrent research papers, rare insights are offered of how similar longitudinal DSR or KMS projects may be structured and of how the related domain’s heritage knowledge base and its fitness-for-use-and-evolution may be strengthened. Due to the cycles and progression of its prior publications, this case study is particularly suited to contribute to cumulative research synthesis and, hence, further focusses on the recently proposed notions of projecting and projectability for evaluating distances between actual real-world environments and future possible-world application-ecosystems—a perspective which may become essential acceptance criteria for publishing in DSR-related conferences and journal publishing outlets.

Using emerging technology to draw learning across the curriculum

To drive the wider adoption of STEM in schools, researchers have promoted the benefits of teaching STEM subjects integrated across the curriculum. This integration can support more authentic learning where learning is framed in real-world application or driven through problem/project-based learning. The integration of digital technologies (DT), where the learning moves away from consumption to creation, provides for further application of learning where the development of artefacts can situated within other subjects. This integration, however, raises new challenges for effective teaching and learning, and while new technologies and approaches can support this practice, this is still evolving. In this study we explore how one high school has integrated the creation of digital artefacts situated, in the DT class, with learning in the Māori Performing Arts class. The study explores how mixed reality (MR) combined with design thinking approaches, provide new opportunities to integrate learning and support engagement in STEM. Drawing on a participatory action research methodology, this article explores the experiences and perceptions of three teachers as they adopt MR to engage and teach students drawing on critical DT skills.

PRACTICE AS RESEARCH: CREATIVE AND RESEARCH. PRACTICE IN THE FORMAT OF POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION

The authors of the article focus on the discussion format of practical research. In recent years, practice as research has become a direction of research activity in foreign universities and an object of close attention from the Russian academic community. Representatives of various disciplines in art and the humanities convincingly argue the need for such a format of creative practice in performance, theatre, dance and contemporary art. Practice as research includes different forms and ways of representing applied and project art products. Today, a practising researcher causes controversy and discussion since the model of creative practice as a method of studying art is an innovative educational format. Also, the parameters of evaluating practical research, the relationship between theoretical, purely research, and creative material cause significant difficulties. The methodology based on practice and the parameters of the assessment of practice as research give rise to a lively discussion. The situation in arts and humanities teaching is complicated because practice-related research has been labelled as field research and practice-based experimentation in medicine, design and engineering for a long time. Artistic practice in contemporary art and design has recently become the object of close attention at the Graduate School of Art and Design at the Higher School of Economics since, today, the practical focus of visual research is the main direction in educational bachelor and master’s programs. A new understanding of art as a practice and, at the same time, research can shed light on many topics, including cultural anthropology, psychology, sociology, etc. That is why we defend the idea of the interdisciplinarity of such studies in our article. Artistic practice as a field of academic research and new experience in postgraduate education is at the centre of our study. We strive to generalise the experience of European educational programs, expand the range of methodological approaches and present the author’s concept. Practice and research have long been inseparable in many humanities; project workshops and representation of creative artifacts are at the heart of contemporary art and design education. Modern Russian education is just beginning to explore new territory. In this sense, our collaborative research of an innovative format is designed to analyse foreign experiences and formulate the need to promote new educational technologies within the framework of graduate school. The habitus of practice as research is such that research based on practice raises the question of the forms of critical activity and content parameters of a creative artifact and documenting research materials. The posed research problem in combination with practice demonstrates the originality of research. It expands the boundaries of the research field by introducing a hybrid methodology for evaluating a creative project and critical discourse. The task of the authors of the article is to identify a debatable problem field, analyse analytical data related to the innovative scientific field and present essential strata of the new educational format, Practice as Research.

Recognising the importance of objects in travel writing

Throughout its history, travel writing has not been held in the same esteem as many other forms of non-fiction writing (Youngs, 2013; Stubbs, 2015) due to issues with representation, the creative techniques used, and the subjective perspective of the writer. Despite this critique, Baine Campbell has asserted that travel writing has a ‘plurality’ (2002), which allows it to resonate across a variety of disciplines. This paper observes how a recognition of the importance of objects as evocative and creative artefacts can provide a prompt for more engaged and authentic examples of travel writing, so as to better achieve recognition as a legitimate blend of creative writing, journalism, and history writing. The research will examine the influential travel writing works of Bruce Chatwin with In Patagonia (1977) and Christopher Kremmer’s The Carpet Wars (2002) to observe how these writers use objects for significant creative and cultural guides within their explorations. By looking closer at how objects can present new ways of looking at and writing about place, I will examine how an awareness of meaningful artefacts has influenced the creative and structural choices of my own travel writing practice to better achieve a plurality of appeal that moves it beyond its past criticisms.

Is Artificial Intelligence Transforming Dentistry Today?

Since the birth of science, the most fascinating structure of the human body is the human brain. Over the past centuries’ researchers have been developing the latest technologies to imitate and explore how the human brain functions. However, to develop a machine that thinks like a human brain is still a dream for researchers. Aristotle’s early efforts to devise logical thinking via his syllogisms (a three-part deductive reasoning) were a source of inspiration for modern computers and technologies1. In the1950, Alan Turing designed a machine to decode encrypted messages, which was a breakthrough of super computers in the days of yore. He designed the “Turing Test” which was coined to assess whether a computer could exhibit intelligence better known as “artificial intelligence” (AI) today2. AI is “a field of science and engineering concerned with the computational understanding of what is commonly called intelligent behavior, and with the creation of artifacts that exhibit such behaviour”3.
 Since 1980, AI has come a long way, virtual reality is being used in dental education these days to create real life situations and promote clinical work on simulators to eliminate risk factors associated with training on live patients. Recently artificial intelligence has been integrated with tutoring systems like “Unified Medical Language System” (UMLS), which have resulted in a better quality of feedback, which the preclinical virtual patients provide to the students4,5. This interactive phase helps students to evaluate their clinical skills and compare their skills with the standard ones, thus creating an ideal and high-quality training environment. Studies have been carried out regarding the efficacy of AI systems, which have stipulated that preclinical students build higher competencies than with the use of traditional simulator units6-8.
 Currently AI inbuilt virtual dental assistants are present in the market. They can execute various chair side tasks with greater accuracy and less manpower ensuring minimum error during the procedures. In the world of implantology and maxillofacial surgery AI helps plan and prepare surgeries with smallest details forgoing actual surgery. Some exceptional uses of AI include robotic surgeries in the field of maxillofacial surgery and bioprinting (where tissues and organs can be reconstructed in thin layers)9. The field of AI has flourished to great extent in the past decade; AI systems are an aid to the field of dentistry and dental education. 
 This narrative attempts to explain possible AI-based applications in the future, it can be used for dental diagnosis, planning out treatments, conducting image analysis, and record keeping. AI-based technologies streamline and reduce laborious workforce to routine tasks, it ensures dental procedures are possible at a lower cost and ultimately makes predictive, preventive, and participatory dentistry possible. The use of AI in dental procedures needs to be guaranteed; its application with human oversight and evidence-based dentistry shall be expected. Dental education needs to be introduced to clinical AI solutions by promoting digital literacy in the future dental liveware.

Creativity in Motion: Examining the Creative Potential System and Enriched Movement Activities as a Way to Ignite It.

In a global and highly competitive world, the importance of creativity is increasing as it supports adaptability, health, and actualization. Yet, because most research focuses on what it takes to produce creative artifacts, interventions supporting growth in creative potential remains underexplored. To address this limitation, the first goal of this paper is to review the creativity science literature to identify the elements that underpin the realization of an individual’s creative potential. The summary of the literature is presented using a framework which highlights the interactions between environmental elements (i.e., cultural values, social interactions, and material world) and actors’ elements (i.e., affective attributes and states, cognitive skills, and physical expression). Using a systemic perspective, the framework illustrates ‘what’ creativity enhancement interventions should aim for, to facilitate the emergence of creative actions. Given the current lack of holistic, embodied, and interactive evidence-based interventions to nurture the creative potential elements identified, the second part of this review builds on movement sciences literature and physical literacy conceptualization to suggest that enriched movement activities are promising avenues to explore. Specifically, following non-linear pedagogy approaches, an intervention called movement improvisation is introduced. Ecological dynamics principles are used to explain how improvising with movement in a risk-friendly environment can lead to cognitive, affective, social, and cultural repertoire expansion. To interrogate this argument further, the review concludes with possible solutions to withstand research challenges and raises future study questions. Overall, combining creativity and movement sciences in this review demonstrates the potential for well-designed movement interventions to ignite creative potential for individuals and overcome the tendency to remain anchored in a state of inertia.