Abstract
The creation of innovative tools, objects and artifacts that introduce abstract ideas in the real world is a necessary step for the evolution process and characterize the creative capacity of civilization. Sculpture is based on the available technology for its creation process and is strongly related to the level of technological sophistication of each era. This paper analyzes the evolution of basic sculpture techniques (carving, lost-wax casting and 3D scanning/printing), and their importance as a culture footprint. It also presents and evaluates the added creative capacities of each technological step and the different methods of 3D scanning/printing concerning sculpture. It is also an attempt to define the term “material poetics”, which is connected to sculpture artifacts. We conclude that 3D scanning/printing is an important sign of civilization, although artifacts lose a part of material poetics with additive manufacturing. Subsequently, there are various causes of the destruction of sculptures, leaving a hole in the history of art. Finally, this paper showcases the importance of 3D scanning/printing in salvaging cultural heritage, as it has radically altered the way we “backup” objects.
Highlights
Sculpture techniques began with the carving method in prehistory until the era of Classical Greece, where it changed to the lost-wax casting method, which helped the expression of artists and mainly liberated the depiction of statue movement
Forms and materials, we can inspect the processes through sculpture, such as their lifespan, and many other aspects, but a basic question arises: where can we find the material poetics?
This kind of production is performed using various synthetic materials which create a distance between the artist and the artifact; sculptures lose the concept of material poetics
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Rushmore) [16], The Motherland Calls (Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd, Russia) [17], the Statue of Unity (Narmada District, Gujarat, India) [18] and many more These paradigms are remarkable and unique technological achievements. These creations are high-cost, large-scale projects, using many resources (manual work and materials) These objects contain important information concerning cultural heritage, as sculptures in public places must be socially accepted, and technological developments, such as specialized technological innovations, have been used to create them. This paper analyzes basic sculpturing techniques, e.g., carving and lost-wax casting, and their importance as a mark of civilization It describes the passage and the importance of 3D scanning/printing and emphasizes 3D scanning/printing as an important technological stride. Various reasons are presented, which lead to the destruction of sculptures, leaving a hole in the history of art, and the importance of 3D scanning/printing is presented for the preservation of art through replicas, providing important opportunities to conserve cultural heritage
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