Creating Job Opportunities Research Articles

Does Expenditure Structure Affect Rural Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia? The Role of Village Fund Management

This study aimed to explore public financial management at the village level and identify the types of village fund expenditures that had the most significant relationship in reducing short-term rural poverty in Indonesia. Using the 2019-2021 panel data and the fixed effect method, the authors analyzed the relationship between the five types of village fund spending on poverty in 49,192 village units. The estimation results showed that spending merely on village development negatively and significantly affected the number of low-income rural families in Indonesia. Meanwhile, spending on disaster management, emergencies, and village urgency indicated a positive and significant relationship with the number of low-income families in the village. It implies that the government should focus on spending programs and activities that create job opportunities and increase income for rural poverty reduction. The government also needs to improve data related to uniformity and validity in measuring, recording, and reporting data in ministries, institutions, and regional governments. Thus, in allocating village funds, the government must expand the formula allocation so that village funds can significantly reduce rural poverty.

Timor-Leste Public Financial Management: Progress And Challenges

Since gaining independence, Timor-Leste has demonstrated suboptimal public financial management in handling oil revenues. Over the past two decades, Timor-Leste has relied on oil funds as the backbone of its economy, accounting for up to 80% of the national budget each year. As a consequence, Timor-Leste faces issues arising from this dependency on oil revenues. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of public financial management in Timor-Leste in managing the national budget to support the livelihoods of its citizens. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method to comprehensively describe the existing data. The results indicate public financial management by the Timor-Leste government in handling oil funds. The government has even invited foreign investors from countries such as Indonesia and China to develop infrastructure in Timor-Leste. However, despite these foreign investments, Timor-Leste has yet to create job opportunities that can absorb the existing labor force and sustainably drive the economy.

Community Care Strategies for Older Adults Facing Hardships: Insights from Central Thailand

The focus of the study is to analyze the community care approach for older adults facing hardships in the social and cultural context of the central region of Thailand. To obtain insightful information, a qualitative research study was performed using observation methods, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, secondary data, and field notes. A group of 85 key informants consisting of local administrative organizations (LAO), public sector officers from health service units, community leaders, civil groups, older adults facing hardships, and family caregivers participated in the study. There are nine approaches employed in the community care practices for older adults facing hardships as follows: 1) providing social welfare; 2) preparing and using information; 3) developing a service system; 4) developing potential in caring for older adults; 5) adjusting the environment to ensure its contribution to the living conditions; 6) rules, regulations, agreements, and policies; 7) creating job opportunities; 8) building food security; and 9) building and strengthening community networks. Understanding in-depth information regarding the nature of older adults, community strategies, and community involvement assists nurses in health management and increasing skills and knowledge on providing care for older adults.

Economic significance and environmental impacts of the Song Dam Drinking Water Project (SDDWP) in Garhwal Himalaya

With the population growth through natural growth and migration, coupled with the city expansion, it is the fact that Dehradun City in India faces severe water scarcity. Therefore, the Song Dam Drinking Water Project (SDDWP) is proposed to provide ample drinking water to Dehradun City and its suburban areas. This paper examined economic significance and environmental impacts of the SDDWP in Garhwal Himalaya, India. To conduct this study, we collected data from both primary and secondary sources. There are 12 villages and 3 forest divisions in the surrounding areas of the proposed dam project, of which 3 villages will be fully submerged and 50 households will be affected. For this study, 50 heads of the households were interviewed in the 3 submerged villages. The questions mainly focused on economic significance, environmental impacts, and rehabilitation issues of the dam project. The findings of this study indicate that economic significance of the dam project is substantial, including providing ample water for drinking and irrigation, contributing to groundwater recharge, creating job opportunities, and promoting the development of tourism and fisheries in the Doon Valley. In terms of the rehabilitation of the affected people, there are only 50 households in need of rehabilitation. Currently, the arable land of these affected people is not sufficient to sustain their livelihoods. The entire landscape is fragile, rugged, and precipitous; therefore, the affected people are willing to rehabilitate to more suitable areas in the Doon Valley. Moreover, it is essential to provide them with sufficient compensation packages including the compensation of arable land, houses, cash, common property resources, institutions, belongingness, and cultural adaptation. On the other hand, the proposed dam project will have adverse environmental impacts including arable land degradation, forest degradation, loss of fauna and flora, soil erosion, landslides, and soil siltation. These impacts will lead to the ecological imbalances in both upstream and downstream areas. This study suggests that the affected people should be given sufficient compensation packages in all respects. Afforestation programs can be launched in the degraded areas to compensate for the loss of forest in the affected areas.

An analysis of trends and policy studies in the overseas construction market for effective international development cooperation and the creation of job opportunities for the youth*

An analysis of trends and policy studies in the overseas construction market for effective international development cooperation and the creation of job opportunities for the youth*

Is Indirect Taxes Bad for the Poor? Examining the Determinants of Poverty in Pakistan

This study investigates the determinants of poverty in Pakistan from 1985 to 2023, focusing on unemployment, inflation, indirect taxes, secondary school enrollment, and total population as key variables. Employing the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, the analysis finds that while many variables exhibit non-stationary behavior at levels, they become stationary at first difference, ensuring the reliability of time series analysis. The ARDL Bounds Analysis confirms the significant relationship between poverty and its predictors, indicating that changes in these variables markedly impact poverty levels. The estimated long-run and short-run results highlight the significant roles of inflation, secondary school enrollment, total population, and unemployment in influencing poverty, with diagnostic tests affirming the model's robustness. The study underscores the positive relationship between secondary school enrollment and poverty reduction, advocating for increased investment in education. The analysis reveals that indirect taxes do not significantly impact poverty levels, yet suggests a review of the tax structure to ensure it does not disproportionately burden low-income households. A progressive tax system could aid in wealth redistribution and support poverty reduction efforts. The positive correlation between total population and poverty levels indicates that rapid population growth strains resources and infrastructure, highlighting the need for effective population management strategies, including family planning programs and investments in healthcare and education. Unemployment's significant impact on poverty calls for targeted interventions to create job opportunities. Policymakers should promote economic diversification, support SMEs, and implement active labor market policies such as job training and placement programs. While higher inflation rates are associated with lower poverty levels in this analysis, maintaining inflation within a manageable range is crucial to avoid eroding purchasing power and harming economic stability. The study advocates for continuous and comprehensive data collection to enable timely and evidence-based interventions, enhancing the effectiveness of poverty reduction strategies. Prioritizing inclusive economic growth, fostering an environment conducive to investment, innovation, and entrepreneurship can create jobs and reduce poverty, ultimately supporting sustainable socio-economic development.

The Bosnian Genocide: A Case for Multiculturalism

The objective of this research is to investigate the causes, impacts, and aftermath of the Bosnian Genocide to propose preventative strategies against future genocides. A literature review of primary sources and current scholarly papers is presented to analyze the significant influence of economic and historical events preceding the genocide, the determinant causes of which were the advocation of the “Greater Serbia” ideology and the changing socioeconomic dynamics between Bosnia and Serbia. The clear intent of the Bosnian War was to systematically enforce a nationalist Serbian agenda whose primary goals were the complete eradication of the Bosniak community through the destruction of their cultural landmarks and the deliberate killings of Bosniak men and mass rape of women. The Bosnian Genocide resulted in the Dayton Agreement that ended the war and the formation of the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The results of this study culminate in recommendations to avert future instances of genocide, such as limiting the political power of the head of state to ensure accountability through checks and balances, establishing security measures to protect the Bosniak community from violent crimes, diversifying the national economy by creating job opportunities in non-military sectors, implementing an educational campaign at the primary level to encourage respect for minority groups, enacting anti-discrimination laws, and engaging Bosniak community leaders in decision making. These recommendations are made not only to support preventative measures but also to promote an acceptance of multiculturalism that is crucial to avert future genocides in an increasingly globalized society.

Development of Tourism Industry and Prospects of Employment Generation in Bihar

Bihar is a land of rich diverse culture, a variety of traditions, historical and cultural heritage and many religious and natural tourist spots. Tourism development not only attracts tourists provides them with recreation and generates revenue for the government it also creates employment opportunities around the tourist spots. It has the potential to generate employment for all kinds of people – the lower-income group, the middle-income group, or the higher-income group. Development of a tourist spot and footfall of tourists offers employment opportunities through roadways- buses, autorickshaws, railway platforms, and airways. It creates job opportunities for people involved in hotels and restaurants. A rise in visitors leads to an increased income for people around that area or city. It leads to an increase in the demand for food, vegetables, fruits, garments, groceries, etc. Visitors spend on shopping for ethnic goods, handicrafts, artificial jewellery and other local products. Altogether a developed tourism industry offers employment opportunities to the people and increases their income. In the last two decades, there has been significant development in roadways and electricity facilities in the State. Tourism in Bihar is developing as an Industry but the pace is very slow, the State has to travel a long road in this area. The State has immense potential for tourism development which has not been explored optimally. This paper analyses the prospects of increasing employment opportunities in Bihar through a developing tourism industry in the State.

A Study on Strategies for Promoting Regional Economic Development through the Cultural Industry

With the vigorous development of the cultural industry across various regions, it is influencing regional economic development in unprecedented ways. As an emerging industrial form, the cultural industry, characterized by innovation, high added value, and low energy consumption, has injected new vitality into regional economic development. In recent years, the importance of cultural development to regional economic growth has been increasingly recognized. The development of the cultural industry not only enhances the cultural soft power of a region but also creates job opportunities, promotes industrial upgrading, and optimizes the economic structure, thereby driving the sustainable and healthy development of regional economies. In the new era, to promote economic development within regions, local areas should fully utilize and explore their cultural characteristics, making the cultural industry a key engine for regional economic growth. By integrating local cultural features and developing cultural industries with local characteristics, the competitiveness of the cultural industry can be enhanced, and the attractiveness and cohesion of the regional economy can be strengthened, thus promoting the common development of the cultural industry and regional economy, and achieving comprehensive progress in economy and society.

Inovasi Perekonomian Digital dalam mengatasi Disparitas Regional Strategi Baru dalam Kebijakan Perekonomian di Indonesia

This research explores a new approach in Indonesia's economic strategy that specifically prioritizes digital economic innovation as a tool to address regional inequality. The background to the problem highlights the gaps in economic development in various regions in Indonesia and the importance of economic transformation through the use of digital technology. The literature study in this research presents a conceptual framework that describes the relationship between digital economic innovation, economic policy, and efforts to mitigate regional imbalances. The research process involved secondary data analysis, surveys, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The research results show that the integration of digital economic innovation in economic policy has the potential to reduce regional imbalances by accelerating economic growth, creating job opportunities, and supporting market penetration for local companies. Conclusion, This research makes an important contribution to the development of future-oriented, data-based and technology-focused policies to address regional inequality, accelerate equitable economic growth and improve the welfare of the Indonesian population. Keywords: Regional Disparity, Economy, Digital Economy

Venture Capital Investment: A Full Look at Its History, Importance, Investment Dynamics, Effects on Entrepreneurship, and Outlook for the Future

To understand venture capital investment, it is necessary to go back in time and find out where venture capital comes from. Venture capital has its roots in the middle of the 20th century, a time when great changes occurred in both technology and the economy. In this paper, the history, current importance, investment complexities, and possible future paths of venture capital are analyzed. According to analysis, conclusions can be drawn that venture capital investment can create job opportunities, help in technological progress, encourage new ideas, support entrepreneurship, and boost the modern economy. At the same time, venture capital investment can also bring pressure to management in dealing with uncertainties or lead to conflicts of interest between entrepreneurs and venture capitalists. Overall, venture capital will continue to play an influential role in the future. Its capacity to adapt economic landscapes and seize new chances will determine its impact in shaping future economy and innovation.

Job creation and decarbonization synergies in Latin America: a simulation-based exploratory modeling analysis

This study employs an Input–Output simulation model to assess the potential employment effects resulting from investments in 40 sector-specific decarbonization transformations across Latin America and the Caribbean. Using a Multi-region Input–Output framework (Eora26), our findings indicate that investments in energy production and buildings sectors offer promising job creation opportunities, averaging 5.5 total jobs per $1 million invested. Similarly, in the waste, industry and agriculture, forestry, and land use sectors demonstrate significant potential, yielding approximately 5 total jobs per $1 million. The analysis models investments as demand vectors, producing results for 17 countries in the region. These estimates endogenize the diverse economic structure and state of development of these countries. We argue that country-level analysis is needed to identify climate strategies that maximize job creation while achieving net-zero emissions.

The impact of rural e-commerce participation on farmers’ entrepreneurial behavior: Evidence based on CFPS data in China

The "Three Rural Issues", encompass challenges related to agriculture, farmer, and rural area, which hold significant importance in driving comprehensive rural revitalization efforts in China. Farmer entrepreneurship, as a crucial means to enhance productivity, create job opportunities, and increase residents’ income, has gradually become a key driving force in promoting rural revitalization in the new stage of development in China. With the rapid development of rural e-commerce, farmer entrepreneurship has encountered new opportunities. This study utilizes the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data and employs a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the direct impact of rural e-commerce participation on farmer entrepreneurial behavior, considering factors such as human capital, social capital, and network infrastructure. This study further explores the indirect effects and mechanisms of e-commerce participation as a mediating variable and analyzes the impact and mechanisms on agricultural entrepreneurship behavior. The findings are as follows: (1) E-commerce participation significantly promotes farmer entrepreneurial behavior; (2) E-commerce participation as a mediating variable has a positive indirect effect on the relationship between social trust, network infrastructure, human capital, and farmer entrepreneurial behavior; (3) E-commerce participation has a significant positive influence on farmer entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector, and farmers with higher levels of network infrastructure and human capital have a higher probability of choosing agricultural entrepreneurship under the influence of e-commerce participation. Finally, this study provides policy recommendations in terms of infrastructure construction, entrepreneurial policy environment, and education level, aiming to optimize the situation of farmer entrepreneurship and contribute to the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization.Overall, the research in this paper effectively combines theory and empirical evidence to outline the direct and indirect impact mechanisms of rural e-commerce participation on farmers’ entrepreneurial behavior and agriculture-related entrepreneurial behavior and to test the effects of their impacts. First, most of the existing literature deals with farmers in individual sample areas, while the sample selected in this paper is farmers in the whole country, which is relatively more generalizable; second, most of the previous studies explore the level of e-commerce in the inter-provincial or county areas, while this paper expands the empirical study of rural e-commerce on the entrepreneurial behavior of farmers and the micro-period of agricultural entrepreneurial behavior, and focuses on the impacts of the e-commerce activities of farmers on their entrepreneurial behavior.

The Social Value of Public Infrastructure Works

Public infrastructure projects hold significant social value as they provide essential services, spur economic development, create job opportunities, and enhance quality of life by facilitating access to basic amenities and reducing commute times. This study aimed to assess the social impact of public infrastructure projects in the northern region of Peru, focusing on indicators such as access to basic services, inequality reduction, poverty alleviation, economic growth, and citizen well-being. Employing a quantitative approach with a non-experimental and descriptive design, the research engaged a sample of 124 engineering professionals who were surveyed to gauge their perceptions of public infrastructure project management in the northern region of Peru. The findings reveal predominantly negative perceptions towards the management of public infrastructure projects in the northern region of Peru, indicating the presence of deficiencies or irregularities in project execution. It is recommended to propose measures aimed at enhancing transparency, fostering citizen participation, and promoting accountability in the management of public infrastructure projects. Received: 12 March 2024 / Accepted: 20 April 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

Entrepreneurship Training for Housewives to Improve the Family Economy in Semparu Kopang Village, Central Lombok

Entrepreneurship training in Semparu Village, Kopang, Central Lombok, aims to enhance family economies through the empowerment of housewives. This activity involves 20 housewives as direct partners. The implementation method includes preparation and execution phases, where materials are delivered through lectures and question-and-answer sessions to improve understanding of entrepreneurship. The training results show an increase in understanding of business management and practical skills, particularly in the production of papaya crisps, which demonstrate good market potential. Participants, who previously had little economic activity, now have the skills to start their own businesses, create job opportunities, and support community independence and empowerment. Recommendations for the future include ongoing monitoring and mentoring to ensure the application of the knowledge gained in facing business challenges. Additionally, it is recommended to expand similar training to other villages in Central Lombok to increase the broader economic impact. This activity not only facilitates short-term solutions through training but also lays the groundwork for sustainable development that supports economic independence and empowerment in Semparu Village.

STUDY THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION IN THE LABOR MARKET ON ACTIVATING POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES

The research aims to study the impact of both innovation and leadership in the labor market in eliminating or limiting... The effectiveness of this effect was studied based on various theoretical frameworks and data approved by the researched organization. The potential of innovation and entrepreneurship, as an independent variable, to serve as a catalyst for economic development, job creation, and income generation, was studied, especially in low-income communities. It also delves into the role of entrepreneurship in promoting innovation, enhancing productivity, and enhancing social mobility, all of which are necessary. To lift individuals and communities out of poverty. The data of the researched organization was analyzed for the purpose of determining whether this variable has an essential role in activating poverty reduction strategies. The researcher reached conclusions that entrepreneurship and innovation have an effective and essential role in activating poverty reduction strategies, such as creating job opportunities and supporting the national economy, as well as other logistical matters that reflect positively on the national economy. As well as supporting other sustainable development goals, such as eliminating hunger and responsible production and consumption.

Manajemen Pemasaran Ekonomi Kreatif Untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Produk UMKM Singkong Jelaku

The concept of creative economy, introduced by John Howkins, highlights the importance of creative ideas in transforming environmental materials into additional economic value, thereby enhancing welfare through job creation. Effective management, especially in SMEs, is crucial in ensuring business success with innovative marketing strategies. This research explores the potential of modified cassava flour (mocaf) as a healthy and economical alternative, emphasizing the need for creative production techniques and marketing management to increase SME revenue. The aim of this study is to understand product management and creative ideas in enhancing economic value by creating job opportunities. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach and semi-structured interviews to analyze the case study of Punggelan Ribug village, which produces mocaf as its flagship product. Effective product and marketing management strategies, such as ensuring the quality of raw materials and implementing digital marketing, are essential to enhance visibility and sales. Mocaf has the potential as an environmentally friendly and gluten-free alternative to wheat flour, with fermentation process also reducing production costs. With emphasis on creative management and marketing, this research underscores the importance of innovation in increasing SME revenue and reaching a broader market.

Framework for Examining the Correlation Between Trade Liberalization and Employment in Nigeria

This research examines the relationship between trade liberalization and employment in Nigeria using a retrospective research approach. The study considers variables such as the employment rate, trade openness index, foreign direct investment, and currency exchange rate. The analytical framework combines classical linear regression and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models to capture both short-term and long-term dynamics. Diagnostic tests, including descriptive statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Perron Unit Root Test, ARDL-Bound test, and Error Correction Model (ECM)-ARDL test, are conducted to analyze the collected data. The study utilizes secondary data from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (2018) covering the period from 1985 to 2018. The findings of the study are mixed. The error correction estimates indicate a negative relationship between the trade openness index and the employment rate. On the other hand, foreign direct investment shows a negative relationship with employment rate, but this relationship is not statistically significant. The exchange rate demonstrates a positive and significant correlation with the employment rate. It was recommended that, Diversifying Nigeria's economy by promoting domestic industries like agriculture, manufacturing, and services to create job opportunities and reduce import dependence. Implement effective labor market policies including job training, worker protections, and competitive labor market measures to mitigate negative impacts of trade liberalization on employment. Target FDI to sectors with high job creation potential, incentivizing investments, supporting technology transfer, and fostering partnerships for employment growth in Nigeria.

CHARACTERISTICS AND PROFITABILITY OF DATE PALM MARKETING IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

This study aimed at analyzing Characteristics and profitability of date palm marketing in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was employed for selecting 50 respondents (15 wholesalers and 35 retailers) for the study. The data for the study were collected using structured questionnaires administered to the respondents. Descriptive statistics, Gross marketing margin, Net marketing margin and return per naira invested were used to analyze specific objectives of the study. The findings revealed that wholesalers (35.6 years) and retailers (26.1 years) involved in date palm marketing were primarily within their economically active age range. The marketers had small household sizes of 5 and 6 persons for wholesalers and retailers respectively, and a significant proportion (About 60%) had no formal education. Personal savings were the main source of initial capital for both wholesalers (53.3%) and retailers (54.3%). Co-traders were the primary source of marketing information (53.3%), and Jan Dabino (34%) emerged as the most popular and marketable date palm variety in the study area. The return on investment for the two ventures was estimated at 1.14 and 1.22 for wholesalers and retailers respectively. It was also found that retailers enjoy a higher net marketing margin and gross margin per bag than wholesalers respectively in the study area. Major constraints affecting date palm marketing in the study were inadequate capital (82%) and poor storage facilities (46%). It is recommended that the industry should be rejuvenated in order to meet the demand for domestic consumption and also the creation of job opportunities; and provision of capital through initiatives such as government subsidies

Do foreign direct investment inflows affect tax revenue in developed and developing countries?

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on tax revenue in 34 developed and developing countries from 2006 to 2020.Design/methodology/approachFeasible generalised least squares (FGLS), a dynamic panel of a two-step system generalised method of moments (GMM) system and a pool mean group (PMG) panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach were used to compare the developed and developing countries. Basic estimators were used as pre-estimators and diagnostic tests were used to increase robustness.FindingsThe FGLS, a two-step system of GMM, PMG–ARDL estimator’s results showed that there was a significant negative long and positive short-term in most countries relationship between FDI inflows and tax revenue in developed countries. This study concluded that attracting investments can improve the quality of institutions despite high tax rates, leading to low tax revenue. Meanwhile, there was a significant positive long and negative short-term relationship between FDI inflows and tax revenue in the developing countries. The developing countries sought to attract FDI that could be used to create job opportunities and transfer technology to simultaneously develop infrastructure and impose a tax policy that would achieve high tax revenue.Originality/valueThe present study sheds light on the effect of FDI on tax revenue and compares developed and developing countries through the design and implementation of policies to create jobs, transfer technology and attain economic growth in order to assure foreign investors that they would gain continuous high profits from their investments.