Creat Research Articles

THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION IN CREATING AWARENESS OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE 2016/2017 GREEN SCHOOL ANNUAL REPORT

As a Non-Governmental Organization, Green School Bali takes its role not only to educate young generation, but also to creat awareness about environmental issue. This study used qualitative research and theory of discourse analysis. All data collected both from Green School Bali annual report and also print and online sources. The researcher found out that Green School Bali has played a role in the implementation of mobilization by providing schools and all the attributes in it that were very concerned and also supported the elements of sustainability for a better long-term life. Secondly, Green School Bali also has acted as a service delivery actor by directly involving in maintenance efforts as well as counseling about the importance of maintaining the environment. Thirdly, as a catalyst, Green School Bali has succeeded in inspiring many groups to care about environment. And as a partner, Green School Bali has established cooperation with several parties to support sustainable lifestyles and also raise the global public awareness of the sustainability system.

Emerging Trends of TV Talk Shows and Increasing Frequency of Political Discussion: Content Analysis on Talk Shows of Leading Pakistani News Channel

Inception of talk shows has revolutionized the information for all age viewers to political/ regional/ extra regional challenges (just a click away). Besides connecting the talk shows viewers to one TV channel, another objective of these Talk shows is to sell the particulars responsible and literary persons own views and comments regarding the on going and current hot issue or particular matter. Till now the concluded results of these Talk shows are more likely to maintain centric approach rather broad approach with regard to strengthen Social Capacity Building(SCB) in all field of life. Present study main focus is just to know that which type of issues are being discussed in these talk shows and which type of impact these talk shows have on the Pakistani people. its another focus is identify that if we found some sort of gaps which these talk shows are not fullfilling so either we can achieve those set goals and objectives or not to improve the objectives of these talk shows. if the Talk Shows planners revisit their ongoing strategies a social and cultural change can be brougt in these talk shows regarding these concerned i.e. political, education, health, law & orders, religious etc. following are the gaps which researcher have identified in these talk shows and those are: Limited information regarding the focused topic which is discussed during these talk shows on Pakistani TV channels. Talk shows mainly focus on the important issues and challenges, with respect to Historic and Future aspect of any situation are left over which are not discussed during the discussion due to biasness or tv channel polices so which creat a gap for idenifying the meaning full information. Due various controllable and controllable limitations; today talk shows are seem to maintain reactive response rather than Pro-active.

Comparison between water-jet and needle for submucosal injection in peroral endoscopic myotomy for treatment of patients with achalasia (with video)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of submucosal injection using endoscopic water-jet in peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for treatment of patients with achalasia of cardia (AC). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 126 AC patients undergoing POEM in PLA General Hospital from March 2013 to February 2016. All the 126 patients were divided into two groups, 73 in the water-jet group and 53 in the needle injection group. The time to creating a submucosal tunnel, entire operation time, and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The time to creating a submucosal tunnel and the entire operation time of the water-jet group were both significantly less than those of the needle injection group (6.38±0.94 min VS 13.81±1.13 min, P 0.05). Conclusion Endoscopic water-jet injection is safe and effective in POEM, which effectively shortens the time to creat a submucosal tunnel and the operation time, and reduces the incidences of complications including bleeding and fever. Key words: Esophageal achalasia; Endoscopic water-jet function; Submucosal injection; Peroral endoscopic myotomy

Is glaucoma suitable for community screening

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.Screening for glaucoma is a critical intervention to identify individuals at an earlier stage of the disease.However, there is controversy about the necessity of glaucoma screening.Screening is a critical intervention for primary prevention of disease.The screening which suited to the level of our economic development has important benefits for our country, society, families and individuals.Glaucoma has fulfils the criteria of WHO for population screening: (1)Glaucoma is a major public health problem in the world.(2)Glaucoma can be detected in its earlier stage.(3)There are suitable and acceptable examinations for glaucoma screening.(4)Early detection and subsequent treatment could delay or retard glaucoma disease progression.(5)With appropriate strategy design, glaucoma screening can creat good economic benefit.The screening strategies depend on the level of social economy development, the health policies of developed areas tend to prevent disease in its early stages.In poor areas, the limited medical resources are used to treat patients in the advanced stages.In the relatively developed area with complete health care facilities and incomplete referral mechanisms, screening for glaucoma is a critical intervention to identify individuals at an earlier stage of the disease.Glaucoma Screening project in Wenzhou suggested that screening should be implement in relatively developed regions of high density of population to improve efficiency; screening should aim for multiple eye diseases to lower the cost per unit benefit. Key words: Glaucoma; Screening; Necessity

A pilot study of root position in orthodontic diagnosis model set-up

To investigate the importance of root information in diagnosis set-up by constructing three-dimensional (3D) digital models with individual anatomic roots. Pretreatment cone-beam CT (CBCT) and laser scanning data were collected from two patients (extraction and non-extraction each) with skeletal Class I malocclusion. Threshold segmentation of the CBCT was performed to generate a 3D digital model which has individually isolated tooth. This model and the scan model were superimposed to generate an integrated model (Mo) composed of high-resolution surface scan crowns sutured to the CBCT roots. Pretreatment dentition plaster model were made into set-up model. The diagnosis model set-up was performed successively by three orthodontists and one senior orthodontic technician. Set-up model scan of each patient after tooth alignment was obtained. The isolated composite teeth were individually superimposed onto the set-up model surface scan to creat set-up model (Ma, Mb, Mc, Md) containing root position. These isolated composite teeth were also superimposed onto the posttreatment surface scan depicting the posttreatment model (M). In order to observe whether diagnosis model set-up would cause exposure of the root, Ma-Md were compared with Mo, which showed the true positions of alveolus. In order to validate the accuracy of the expected root position setup, Ma-Md were compared with the true root position represented by M. Color displacement maps generated to measure the discrepancies of root positions. Nonparallel and exposure of the root was found in all setup models. Color displacement maps through molar superimpositions showed maximum differences of 8.79 mm for the maxillary teeth and 9.96 mm for the mandibular teeth. Diagnosis model set-up based only on crown can not absolutely ensure the good alignment of roots without root exposure. It is necessary to construct the integrated model including root for diagnosis during tooth arrangement process.

Effect of restraint stress on intestinal mucosal barrier function in middle cerebral artery occulusion rats

Objective To investigate the effect of restrain stress on intestinal mucosal barrier function in middle cerebral artery occulusion (MCAO) rats and its mechanism.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group (J),sham-operated plus restraint group (JS),MCAO group (M),and MACO plus restraint group (MS) (n =12 each).Improved Longa suture method was used to establish MCAO model in rats,and rat fixator to creat restraint stress model.Serum diamineoxidase (DAO),D-lactic acid (D-LA),endotoxin (LPS),and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) levels,tight junction proteins in ileum tissue,CRF,CRF-r1 and CRF-r2 expression levels in ileum tissue,and CRF,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CRP expression levels in the brain tissues were measured.Results The serum DAO,LPS and CRF levels in MS group were (693.96 ± 55.38) U/L,(147.04 ± 2.93) μg/L,and (194.03 ± 19.80) ng/L respectively,significantly higher than in M group (all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of tight junction proteins ZO-1,occluding,claudin-1 and claudin-2 levels in the ileum tissue of MS group were 0.52 ± 0.05,0.58 ± 0.03,0.57 ± 0.05 and 0.35 ± 0.07 respectively,significantly higher than in M group (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of claudin-3 and claudin-4 in MS group were 0.59 ± 0.40 and 0.58 ± 0.03 respectively,significantly higher than M group (all P ＜ 0.05).The CRF and CRF-r1 expression levels in ileum tissue,and CRF and CRP expression levels in brain tissues of MS group were 173.80 ± 34.34,169.56 ± 26.99,115.27 ± 17.79 and 135.27 ± 40.67 respectively,significantly higher than M group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Restrain stress aggravated intestinal mucosa barrier damage in MCAO rats. Key words: Restraint stress; Intestinal mucosal barrier; Rat

The heat distribution of radiofrequency ablation in the ex vivo vertebral tumor model

Objective To investigate the heat distribution of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the ex vivo vertebral tumor model and heat isolation effect of posterior cortical bone using UniblateTM Rita electrode,and to evaluate the valid range of RFA treating vertebral tumor lesion and the thermal protection of posterior cortical bone to the spinal cord.Methods Ten fresh lumbars excised from adult swines were used to creat the ex vivo vertebral tumor model.Radiofrenquency was performed at 75,80,85,90,and 95 ℃ with 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm electrode tips.The valid range of RFA was measured in the ex vivo vertebral tumor model with diffierent electrode tips and diffierent setting temperatures.Twenty fresh lumbars excised from adult swines were divided into intact posterior cortical bone group and defect posterior cortical bone group randomly,creating the intact posterior cortical bone tumor model and defect posterior cortical bone tumor model respectively.Radiofrenquency was performed at 95 ℃ with 2.0 cm electrode tip.The anterior and posterior temperature of posterior cortical bone in the ex vivo vertebral tumor model was recorded.Results RFA range in the ex vivo vertebral tumor modle didn' t exceed 5 mm at 75,80,85,90,and 95 ℃ with 1.0 cm electrode tip.The radiuses of RFA range in the ex vivo vertebral tumor model were (6.40 ±0.52),(7.40±0.71),(8.00 ±0.67),(8.20 ±0.63) and (8.30 ±0.68) mm at 75,80,85,90,and 95 ℃ with 2.0 cm electrode tip,respectively.The anterior and posterior temperature of posterior cortical bone in the intact group was (50.28 ±4.21) and (38.26 ±4.47) ℃ (P ＜0.05) ; The anterior and posterior temperature of posterior cortical bone in the defect group was (51.07 ± 4.23) and (49.27 ± 3.84) ℃ (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In the ex vivo vertebral tumor model,RFA was safe and effective with 2-cm electrode tip.Posterior cortical bone can protect the spinal cord in the process of RFA. Key words: Radiofrequency ablation; Vertebral tumor; Heat distribution

Clinical application of solid physical orbital models and 3-dimmension pre-bent titanium implants for orbital fractures

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of solid physical orbital models and 3-Dimmension pre-bent titanium implants for orbital fractures.Methods 12 patients with orbital fractures were enrolled.First,virtual models were created based on the CT datasets.Next,the virtual model data were converted to the rapid prototyping machine to creat the solid physical models.Then the models were used as templates to cut and shape the titanium mesh plates in 3 dimensions.The 3-Dimmension pre-bent titanium mesh plates were implanted for surgical repair of the orbital fracture.Results Post-operatively,diplopia had been completely eliminated in 9 cases,except that extreme peripheral diplopia remained in 3 cases.Exophthalmometric measurements were approximately equal to each specific patient in the group.The outcome of orbital reconstruction using the pre-bent titanium meshes was favorable.Conclusion Solid physical orbital models and 3-Dimmension pre-bent titanium implants would lead to more predictive preoperative plan and more individualized reconstruction,would omit redundant trials for reshaping and refitting,would help to achieve more favorable surgical repair. Key words: Fractures,orbit; Reconstruction,surgical; Titanium mesh plates; Solid physical orbital models; Computer models; Computer-aided design; Computer-aided manufacture

The Role of Negotiation in Managerial Communication

SUMMARY Negotiation is a concentrated and interactive form of communication, in which two or more parts that are in disagreement try to reach ag reement that solves a common problem or reaches a common goal. Negotiation allows the creat ion, the maintenance or the development of an interhuman or social relation, as a business, work or diplomatic relation, in particular. Human communication theory is used in negotiations ever since its appearance, on a social ‐ political as well as on an economical level. Althou gh the negotiation process finalized through written communications, verbal communication has an important role from the point of view of the space that it occupies. In business, the neg otiations usually are “face-to-face”, at the negotiation table. Through verbal communication, a series of process are accomplished, such as: obtaining information, transmitting information , drawing up proposals, expressing opinions, establishing disagreement, with its block ing effects of the negotiations, etc. ( Hiltrop and Udall, 1998). The main problem of negotiators in the entire world is that after verbal communication parleys, they sense the need for nego tiations. After very or partially exhausting the clarified subjects of the parley tab le, there is sometimes a shift in situations, which determines reconsidering some previously expressed positions. Now, there are situations in which a partner is convinced that the decision has been taken in a way, whereas the other partner ‐ that the common agreement was another. The problem is if these omissions or misunderstandings are or are not unintentional. Some researchers have proved that personifing the style constitutes the most importan t step of the negotiation process. This personalization has two steps: establishing ones ow n style and evaluating the advantages and disadvantages that derive from using the respective style. Taking into consideration that motivations are those that determine the style and that the motives themselves are of personal nature, the adequate person to determine style is t he negotiator himself (Souni, 1998). To be able to make a correct analysis, that can determine the style, it is good for the negotiator to have three frequently met motivations: the desire t o repeat successes, the necessity to cohabitate, and the desire to be strong and to domi nate.

Current status of minimally invasive techniques in treatment of pancreatic cancer

Minimally invasive techniques have become one of the research direction of advanced pan-ereatic cancer therapy.The approaches such as high intensity focused ultrasound, radiofrequency ablation, mi-crowave ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, photodynamic therapy, cryoablation and so on can creat degen-eration and(or) necrosis in different degree of pancreatic cancer tissue, relieve the pain successfully, markedly improve quality of life, prolong survival time and then offer a new therapy for pancreatic cancer patients. Key words: Pancreatic neoplasms; Therapy; Surgery, minimally invasive techniques