Cream Preparations Research Articles

PENERAPAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM (SSA) DALAM MENGANALISIS LOGAM MERKURI (Hg) PADA KRIM PEMUTIH WAJAH

Whitening cream is a mixture of chemicals and or other ingredients with properties that can fade dark spots on the skin. Whitening cream must be safe and must not contain harmful ingredients such as heavy metal mercury because its toxicity to the organs of the kidneys, nerves, and brain is very strong, so its use is prohibited in cosmetic preparations. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of metallic mercury (Hg) contained in the preparation of facial whitening creams circulating in Sei Sikambing Market, Medan. The sample used in this study was a facial whitening cream that was not registered with BPOM. The method used to determine mercury levels is qualitatively using color reagents and quantitatively using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). The results obtained were from 2 samples of facial whitening cream that were used positively for heavy metal mercury (Hg) characterized by the formation of a red-orange precipitate with KI reagent, yellow precipitate by NaOH reagent, white precipitate by HCl reagent. The results of the analysis showed that the highest Hg metal content in the sample with code E was 5.0241 ± 0.4064 g/g. The conclusion of this study is that two samples were positive for mercury, where the use of mercury has been prohibited by BPOM.

Potential use of carnauba wax oleogel to replace saturated fat in ice cream

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a wax‐oleogel (soybean oil—SBO, peanut oil—PNO, and carnauba wax—CBW) to be used as a fat replacer for ice cream formulations. The oleogels were structured with 6%, 8%, and 10% of CBW and were characterized by oil binding capacity (OBC), visual evaluation, thermal properties (DSC), and microstructure by polarized light microscopy (PLM). All oleogels resulted in a firm and stable gel for 60 days, regardless of the concentrations (6%, 8%, and 10%) and temperatures (5 and 25°C). The OBC of oleogels at 8% and 10% addition were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the oleogels with 6% of CBW. However, the oleogel formed with 6% of CBW showed more than 84% of oil retention after 60 days, indicating that the 6% of CBW was sufficient to develop a network that could hold the liquid oil into a gel‐like structure. Larger crystals (μm) were observed with 10% CBW addition (2.15 ± 0.16 μm SBO and 2.08 ± 0.22 mm PNO). After preliminary sensory studies, the SBO oleogel with 6% of CBW was chosen to be applied in the ice‐cream formulation. The ice cream preparations were analyzed by overrun, melting rate, fat composition, and sensory acceptance. The oleogel fat replacement (50% and 100%) reduced the melting rate of ice creams; however, it negatively affected the ice cream overrun. These results show that 50% replacement of the traditional lipid phase by CBW oleogel can be performed without causing sensory impairment.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN SALEP ANTI FUNGI EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR (Tricophyton mentagrophytes) SECARA IN VITRO

Garlic contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins which act as antifungals. The purpose of this study was to formulate an ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum) ointment with various concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and to evaluate the ointment preparation with physical evaluation requirements. Testing the activity of the ointment preparation against the fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes was carried out by the diffusion method. The results showed that garlic (Allium sativum) could be formulated as an antifungal ointment preparation and met the requirements of the ointment preparation evaluation test with the results of the organoleptic test of the white ointment base, the 5% formulation being pale yellow, the 10% formulation and 15% brownish yellow. The homogeneity test showed no lumps in the ointment preparation, the pH test was in accordance with the requirements, namely 4.5-6.5. The dispersion test was in accordance with the requirements, namely 5-7 cm, and the adhesive data test was in accordance with the requirements, which was more than 4 seconds. The results showed that garlic (Allium sativum) ethanol extract ointment could inhibit the fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes where a concentration of 15% produced an inhibition zone of 10.4500 mm, and as a comparison, miconazole ointment produced an inhibition zone of 14.3833 mm.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN CREAM DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI PADA EKSTRAK ETANOL KOMBINASI KULIT PISANG (Musa paradisiaca) DAN KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus) TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB JERAWAT Propionibacterium acnes

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis, involving sebaceous glands, follicular hyperkeratosis, bacterial overgrowth, immune and inflammatory responses. Objective: This formulate the ethanol extract of banana peel and pineapple peel into cream preparations and to test the effective antibacterial activity of the combination of banana peel and pineapple peel ethanol extract cream against Propionibacterium acnes. Methods: This research was conducted experimentally with maceration extraction using 70% ethanol as solvent. Acne cream is made with a concentration ratio between (Banana peel: Pineapple peel) namely F1 (Cream Base), F2 (5%:15%), F3 (7.5%:12.5%), F4 (10%:10% ), F5 (12.5%:7.5%), F6 (15%;5%), F7 (20%:0%) and F8 (0%;20%). Then, the physical stability test was carried out in the form of organoleptic test, viscosity test, pH test, homogeneity test, spreadability test and cream type test. Followed by testing the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes in Na media. Results: The antibacterial activity test on F3 showed that the diameter of 20.18 mm was relatively larger than F1 of 0mm, F2 of 18.63 mm, F4 of 18.38 mm, F5 of 16.48 mm, F6 of 18.28 mm, F7 of 13.91 mm and The F8 is 16.11 mm. Conclusion: Cream preparations from formula 1 to formula 8 the cream stability organoleptic test, viscosity test, pH test, homogeneity test, test spreadability and cream type test. The cream preparation in formula 3 has the widest diameter for antibacterial activity compared to other formulas.

FORMULASI KRIM EKSTRAK BIJI KUPA (Syzygium polycephalum) DAN PENENTUAN NILAI SPF (Sun Protection Factor) SECARA IN VITRO

The high intensity of ultraviolet rays and exposure to the sun too often can have harmful effects on the skin, so sunscreen can be used to prevent interference from UV rays. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of sunscreen and determine the SPF value of the extract and cream preparation of Kupa (Syzygium polycephalum) seeds. In this study, the seeds of Kupa fruit were extracted by the graded maceration method using 96% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvents. The ethyl acetate extract was formulated in the form of a cream dosage form with the added concentration of Kupa seed extract, namely 0.1% (F1), 0.2% (F2), and 0.5% (F3). Furthermore, the determination of the value of sunscreen on the extract and cream preparation using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and evaluation of the physical properties of the cream preparation include organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH tests, spreadability, adhesion, and viscosity. The results showed that the SPF values ??of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts at a concentration of 200 ppm were 14.29; 19.32, and 14.02. While the SPF value of ethyl acetate extract cream preparations of Kupa fruit seeds F1, F2, and F3 respectively was 1.97; 2.96, and 4.96. Kupa seed extract has activity as a sunscreen with maximum and ultra protection levels. While the preparation of 0.5% ethyl acetate extract of Kupa seed had sunscreen activity with moderate protection. The physical properties of the cream preparations gave good results during the test.

Formulation of Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) leaf used in Traditional Medicine Hospital of Thua Thien Hue and evaluation of the product quality

Background: Vitex negundo L. leaves are a medicinal herb with many therapeutic effects, especially bone and joint diseases. At Traditional Medicine Hospital of Thua Thien Hue, method of using Vitex negundo L. leaves for patients who have joint diseases was shown to good treatment results. Besides, preparation of cream are convenient to use and take advantage of a precious and available medicinal herb of Vietnam. Objectives: To determine the formula, preparation process of products from the leaves of Vitex negundo L., determining the total flavonoid content of the product obtained and initial investigation of anti-inflammatory effects of prepared products. Methods: Building oriented formulas and investigating excipients. Development of a preparation process by emulsification method. Evaluation of the quality of prepared products by the Center for Drug - Cosmetic - Food Testing in Thua Thien Hue. Quantification of total flavonoids according to the method of Chang (2002). Investigation of anti-inflammatory effects based on carrageenan inflammation model in experimental rats. Results: Cream formula with the main ingredient was condensed glue of Vitex negundo L. 5%; Olive oil 10%; Glycerin 4%; Propylene glycol 15%; Ceteareth 20,4%; Cremophor RH40 7%; Nipagin 0.18%; Nipazol 0.02%; Menthol 0.05%. The cream product was smooth, homogeneous, dark brown in color, lightly scented, and met the basic standards. Total flavonoid content condensed glue of Vitex negundo L. was 13.18 ± 0.207, cream of Vitex negundo L. was 12.96 ± 0.163 (p > 0.05). The product was preliminarily evaluated to have the anti-inflamation effect in mice. Conclusions: Building a complete cream formula that met quality standards, the total flavonoid content was not lost much after the preparation process Key words: Vitex negundo L., the total flavonoid content, quality standards.

A new selective colorimetric method coupled with a high-resolution UV method for the consecutive quantification of three drugs in semi-solid preparations

Triderm® cream and ointment contain clotrimazole (CLO), betamethasone dipropionate (BET), and the poor UV absorbing gentamycin (GEN), in addition to the preservative benzyl alcohol (BEN) which exists only in a cream preparation. A green, selective colorimetric approach was elaborated to increase the sensitivity of GEN quantification in Triderm® preparations, which depends on the immediate formation of a pink ion-pair between GEN and erythrosine (ERY) reagent in an aqueous acidic medium. The ion pair was made soluble in water with the assistance of the surfactant agent poloxamer 188 which is presented in this manuscript as an efficient solubilizing agent for the hydrophobic ion-pair. This surfactant agent has the feature of not affecting the native color of ERY, additionally the ease of preparing its aqueous solution with no need for heating or long waiting. The resulting complex GEN-ERY was measured directly at 545nm. This colorimetric approach was coupled with the Unlimited Derivative Ratio (UDD), which is a new smart UV method employed for the concurrent quantification of BET and CLO in Triderm® preparations without any intervention from BEN, due to its capability to resolve an extremely overlapped ternary spectrum that has no extended part, iso-absorptive point or robust zero crossing point. The newly developed UDD method depends on filtrating and measuring the signal of BET and CLO through calculating the equality factor(F) for CLO and BET after dividing their spectrum by BEN spectrum, derivatizing the resulting ratio spectrum, then constructing a regression equation employing the F factor for each BET and CLO. The overlapping excipient BEN was quantified via the Double Divisor Ratio spectra derivative method (DDR) relying on using a divisor comprising of a mix of BET + CLO. The advanced spectrophotometric approach validity was checked by confirming the linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity in accordance with the ICH directions. NO notable difference when statistically comparing the newly established approach to the reference approach.

A critical review on Gandhakadya malahara

Malahara is a potent pharmaceutical preparation for external application (Bahya Kalpana) which has Siktha Taila (mixture of sesame oil and bee-wax), Sathadhoutha Ghrita, Ghrita (ghee) as the base. It is an ointment preparation which includes herbal and mineral contents depending upon the usage. Mala-hara kalpanas are very much useful in skin disorders. Malahara has proper-ties like snehana (unctuousness), ropana (healing), lekhana (scrapping) and varnya (colouring) depending upon the drugs used in the preparation. A num-ber of Malahara Kalpanas have been mentioned in Rastarangini. Gandhakadhya Malahara is one among them mentioned in Gandhaka Vijnanam Tarangam. It is a herbo-mineral formulation comprises of Siktha taila (mixture of sesame oil and beeswax) as a base and Shudha Gandhaka (Purified Sulphur), Shudha Girisindura (Purified Mercuric Oxide), Shudha Tankana (Purified borax) are as other ingredients. Gandhakadhya malahara is intended for external application in various dermatological problems. It is specially indicated for severe Pama (a type of skin condition) as per Rasa-tarangini.

UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN SALEP DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH PISANG BARANGAN (Musa Acuminata colla) TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB INFEKSI LUKA (Staphlococus aureus)

Skin Fruit Banana goods (Musa acuminate Colla ) can used as ingredient blocker bacteria.Research this aim for knowing activity antibacterial preparation ointment from extract skin fruit banana goods (Musa acuminate colla) against Staphylococcus aureus. Method Study this conducted Experimental , extract obtained with use method maceration with solvent 96% ethanol obtained tested Phytochemicals , then made preparation ointment using Vaseline Album base , Adeps Lanae,Paraffin Liquid,Setyl Alcohol and preparation ointment Extract Skin Fruit Banana goods have Concentration 4%, 6%, 8% .Results this show that Skin Fruit Banana goods (Musa acuminate Colla ) can formulated as preparation Ointment and Fulfill requirements test quality preparation ointment among them Test Organoleptic , Test Homogeneity , Ph Test , Test Power spread . Results Test antibacterial show that formulation preparation ointment extract skin fruit banana goods (Musa acuminate cola ) with concentration 4%, 6%, 8%. Not could hinder growth bacteria and power block . concluded that the more increase concentration extract , so power a given block the more big to get zone good inhibit _ in growth bacteria( Staphylococcus aureus ).

W/o/w multiple emulsions: A novel trend in functional ice cream preparations?

Ice cream is a popular product worldwide. Unfortunatelly, it contains a significant amount of fat. In this review, promising strategies for the use of w/o/w multiple emulsion structures in creams are assessed. W/o/w multiple emulsions (MEs) enable reduction the fat without losing the creamy taste and mouthfeel and also encapsulation of sensitive compounds. The encouraging application and formation of MEs in ice cream mixtures is supported by the use of natural food ingredients, such as fiber, which helps to stabilize the whole system and improves nutritional value. The future trends may be focused on the target stabilizations using Pickering paticles (PPs). The possible advantages, manufacture, evaluation methods, and predicted future prospects of MEs in ice creams are discussed.

Aktivitas Penyembuhan Luka Infeksi Krim Kombinasi Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Dan Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) Dengan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Pada Punggung Kelinci New Zealand White Secara In Vivo

Several types of tropical plants in Indonesia that contain anti-bacterial chemical compounds such as tannins, flavonoids and saponins, namely betel (Piper betle L.) leaves and soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves. Objectives of the research was to determine activity of cream from soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves ethanol extract and betel (Piper betle L.) leaves ethanol extract on the backs of rabbits infected with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. In addition, the research conducted could also determine the stability of cream that produced and its pharmacological effects. Data analysis technique using ANOVA method, significance value did not reach 0.05. Extraction process using 70% ethanol as solvent with extraction method, namely maceration. Parameters of cream preparation were from level of storage duration for 0 days and concentration used. Then the level of cream preparation effectiveness in wounds healing could be seen from observations of wounds and pus drying time as well as edema and erythema loss. Cream preparation from combination of soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves ethanol extract and betel (Piper betle L.) ethanol extract in formula 6 with concentration ratio of 10%: 12.5%, resulted better and faster healing rate against Staphylococcus aureus infection than other formulas. Required recovery time interval was 10 days and cream preparation had good stability.

Standardization of Simplicia Golden Sea Cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan

Standardization of medicinal ingredients and drug preparations is a requirement to ensure reproducibility of pharmaceutical and therapeutic quality. With standardization, it is hoped that it can further increase trust in medicines derived from natural ingredients. Golden sea cucumber is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as raw material for wound healing ointment preparations. The main content in golden sea cucumbers that play a role in wound healing is protein. This study aims to standardize the Simplicia of golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) originating from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan. Standardization uses physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters like raw material requirements for standardized herbal medicines (OHT). The test is carried out in the laboratory using the method according to SNI. The results of the Simplicia test of golden sea cucumbers from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan, included water content of 9.57%, zinc 9.32 mg/kg, cadmium < 0.030 mg/kg, copper < 0.030 mg/kg, lead < 0.066 mg/kg , mercury < 0.007 mg/kg, Total Plate Number 8.0 x 103 colonies/g, E.Coli < 3 APM/gr and Salmonella negative have fulfilled the requirements. The results of the Simplicia test of golden sea cucumbers include 13.4% ash content, 1.52% acid insoluble ash, 36.1% protein, 1.39% total fat, 13.1 mg/kg magnesium, and 10.6 mg iron. /kg. The results of the phytochemical screening of golden sea cucumber Simplicia were positive for containing alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenoids.

Formulasi dan Uji Antioksidan Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Buah Asam Cikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Sm) sebagai Pelembab Kulit

Cikala acid fruit is fruit of kecombrang plant (Etlingera elatior) which phenolic compounds including flavonoids and has strong antioxidants activity. Antioxidants are nutrients in the form of vitamins and minerals that function to prevent and repair damaged body tissues. Antioxidant compounds are generally used in cosmetic products. The purpose of this study to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the cikala fruit was formulated into a moisturizing cream. This research is experimental, covering extract manufacture, phytochemical screening, manufacture and testing of cream preparations as well as testing of antioxidant activity in moisturizing cream. The cream formulation formula was made with a concentration ratio of 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and blank. Chemical compounds from the ethanolic extract of cikala fruit are alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and triterpenoids; has a homogeneous cream dosage form with a pH range of 5.7-6.1 after short storage and 12 weeks of storage; and has antioxidant activity with inhibitor concentration value of 19.92 g/mL at concentration 2.5%.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FOOT CREAM FROM FICUS RACEMOSA

Feet are our body’s substructure, so keeping them healthy is indispensable to our overall health. From ancient time variety of herbs have been used to treat different foot diseases. In this study, the main aim is the preparation of foot cream using Ficus racemosa (cluster fig) plant extract. Its biological active ingredients, such as Gluconal acetate, β-sitosterol, lupeol and lupeol acetate produces wound healing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fungal activity over skin surface. The main objective of this research work includes the complete qualification of wound healing or screening, and it is useful to obtain good foot cream for topical application. Preparation of foot cream using Ficus racemosa was done and its evaluation was carried out on various parameters. The used product is compatible with other ingredients present in the formulation.

Formulation and Stability Test of Eel Fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) GAIMARD) Oil Extract Cream

Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Silver eel phase contains unsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3, omega-6, EPA, DHA and vitamin A which is known to overcome various functions of body tissues. The high content of fatty acids will facilitate oxidation, making it difficult for storage and causing rancidity, thus creating a new innovation such as being formulated into cream. This study aims to formulate the silver eel (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard.) Oil extracts in the form of cream dosage preparations and evaluates the cream dosage using physical test parameters to maintain the quality of the cream produced. This study used laboratory experimental methods and the cream formulations were made in 4 formulas, they are F0, F1, F2 and F3 with the respective concentrations of stearic acid emulsifier 6%, 8%, 10% and triethanolamine 2%, 2%, and 3.5. %, and F0 as negative controls. The result obtained test showed that the F3 positive control cream preparation met the organoleptic requirements, the result of homogeneity test was homogeneous and there were mo coarse particles, the dispersion of the cream was 6.87 cm (5-7 cm), adhesion of the cream was 4.21 seconds (>4 seconds), cream pH was 6.25 (4.5-6.5). The F3 formula gave a significant value to the characteristics of the cream

Pengembangan Nutrasetikal Es Krim Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.)

Moringa plants ranging from fruit, flowers, leaves, skin, seeds, stems to roots have important benefits. One of the most prominent content of moringa is antioxidants, especially in the leaves which contain high antioxidants. Moringa leaves contain antioxidants in the form of interquinones, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and saponins. Moringa leaves also contain vitamin C, calcium, B vitamins, iron, vitamin A, potassium and large amounts of protein that are easily digested and absorbed by the body. The use of moringa plants in Indonesia is currently still limited. One of the efforts to increase the utilization of moringa leaves is through the development of nutraceutical products of Moringa Leaf ice cream. This study aims to obtain a nutraceutical formulation of moringa leaf ice cream for and antioxidant activity. This research is an experimental study by conducting experiments to make Moringa Leaf powder by drying at room temperature and used as an additive in ice cream products and measuring antioxidant activity. This study shows that moringa leaf powder can be formulated into nutraceutical ice cream preparations, the antioxidant activity of moringa leaf powder 50 mg and 5% ice cream is classified as weak, moringa leaf powder 100 mg and 150 mg and 10% and 15% ice cream is classified as moderate and the antioxidant activity is moderate. Moringa leaf powder did not change after being formulated into a nutraceutical preparation of moringa leaf ice cream.

Formulasi Sediaan Lip Cream Ekstrak Daun Miana (Coleus scuatellariodes [L] Benth.) sebagai Pewarna Alami

Miana leaf (Coleus scutellarioides L.) is a plant that contains anthocyanins that can provide certain dyes. The purpose of this study was to formulate miana leaf extract in lip cream preparations as a natural dye. The research method includes the manufacture of ethanol extract of miana leaves (Coleus scutellarioides L.) by maceration method. The extract formulas used were 25%, 50%, and 75%. The tests carried out included organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, physical tests, pH tests, irritation tests and color preference tests. The results of the lip cream preparation, the results of the organoleptic examination were declared to have a semi-solid dosage form, distinctive odor and varied colors F1 pink F2 purplish red, F3 blackish red, homogeneity test results were declared homogeneous, stability test results showed that the preparation did not change shape, color and the odor of the preparation for 14 days of storage, the results of the pH test showed that the preparation was still within the permissible pH range on the use of the skin, the test results were declared non-irritating. Miana leaf ethanol extract can be made as a colorant in lip cream preparations.

Preparation and pharmaceutical properties of Hangeshashinto oral ointment and its safety and efficacy in Syrian hamsters with 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis

Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (COM) is a common adverse effect of cancer chemotherapy. Several clinical studies reported that repetitive use of mouthwashes containing 2.5–6.25% Hangeshashinto (HST), a Kampo formula, relieves COM, but the effect is insufficient. To solve this problem, we produced an oral ointment of 12% HST extract (considered quantitatively equivalent to 20% commercially available HST), which will increase the local concentrations of its active ingredients and prolong the contact time with COM. In this study, we evaluated the pharmaceutical properties (spreadability and stability) of HST oral ointment. In addition, its safety (oral mucosal irritation) and therapeutic effects on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis were evaluated in male Syrian hamsters. The HST ointment showed good spreadability and stability for more than 8 weeks at 4 °C. In the oral mucosal irritation test, topical application of HST ointment (0.2 g) three times per day for 14 days had no adverse effect on the oral mucosa of hamsters. In hamsters treated with 5-fluorouracil (60 mg/kg) twice, COM was induced by a submucosal injection of 5% acetic acid into the cheek pouch. When HST ointment (50 µg) was topically applied to the mucositis area once per day for 12 days, the area and macroscopic score of mucositis were significantly decreased, and the depth of the wound tended to be reduced compared with the lactose ointment-treated control animals. These findings suggest that HST oral ointment shows good properties in spreadability, stability, and safety, and elicits a therapeutic effect in an animal model of COM.Graphical abstract

Process optimization for the development of quinoa based sugar free ice-cream

Quinoa has high nutritional value and rich source of lipids, proteins, vitamins, fibre, minerals and magnificent balance of amino acids. The major objective of this study was to develop high protein and sugar free ice cream incorporated with malted quinoa flour. The standard method of ice cream preparation was followed with incorporation of 10, 15 and 20 per cent malted quinoa flour during homogenization. Addition of more than 20 per cent quinoa flour in ice-cream imparts increased raw flavour, hardness and viscosity. Based on organoleptic evaluation, ice cream prepared with 15 per cent malted quinoa flour was accepted as optimized with higher values of acceptance for colour, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. Â The physico- chemical composition of optimized ice cream observed were 10.50 ± 0.08 % fat, 4.21 ± 0.08 % protein, 14.01 ± 0.05 % carbohydrates, 37.92 ± 0.39 % total solids, 1.84 ± 0.25 % crude fibre, 16.91 ± 0.02(mg/ml) total phenolic content and 66.25 ± 2.53 (mg/ml) antioxidants. During storage period some of the sensory attributes, physico-chemical, bio-active compounds and microbiological count of the quinoa ice-cream and the control sample was analysed after every 5th day for 35 days. At the end of the storage period, anti-oxidant, over run, melting resistance and pH decreased but acidity increased slightly.

Formulation and Evaluation of Grape Seed Oil (Vitis Vinifera, L) Facial Cream with Variations in The Concentration of Stearic Acid as an Emulsifier

Ageing is a complex biological process resulting from intrinsic ageing and extrinsic ageing. The most influential factor in ageing is free radicals because they can cause oxidative stress, which plays an essential role in the ageing process. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) in grapeseed oil have the highest antioxidant effect against free radicals. These antioxidants are used in cosmetic products to maximize the treatment of ageing. This study aims to optimize the formula for grape seed oil cream by varying the concentration of stearic acid as an emulsifier. Grape seed oil is formulated into cream preparations which are divided into three formulas, namely formula one (F1), which uses 10% stearic acid concentration, formula two (F2) 12% stearic acid concentration, and formula three (F3) 14% stearic acid concentration. Determination of optimum stability and formula is obtained from the evaluation of cream preparations, including organoleptic, physical homogeneity, pH, dispersion, viscosity, and emulsion type tests. The results showed that the concentration of stearic acid emulsifiers affected the spreadability and viscosity. And does not affect the pH, homogeneity, and type of emulsion.