Emulsion Cream Research Articles

Rheological investigation of heavy oil-in-water pickering emulsions for potential applications of fracturing fluids

Pickering emulsions as a kind of emulsified fracturing fluids can enhance the efficacy of shale fracturing. Investigation of the rheological properties of Pickering emulsions yields valuable insights for their in-situ fracturing applications. In this work, nano-clay particles and heavy crude oil were employed to form oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions. The impact of salinity, pH, and temperature on the rheological properties, including viscosity property and viscoelastic property, of Pickering emulsions were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the viscosity of heavy O/W Pickering emulsions were significantly affected by the change of salinity and pH values, with higher salinity or lower pH resulting in increased viscosity. Under ultra-high salinities (>5 wt% NaCl), the coalescence stability of Pickering emulsion strengthens and creaming stability declines. The massive formation of clay clusters leads to a reduction in the number of nano-clay particles used to generate the network, causing instability in the emulsion creaming. The heavy O/W Pickering emulsions exhibited high stability and high viscosity characteristics, which were mainly caused by the change of surface charge of nano-clay particles and the corresponding change of particle adsorption on droplet surface and particle-particle interactions. At a salinity of 2.5% NaCl and a pH of 4.6, the emulsion system remained stable at a temperature up to 120 °C, holding a viscosity reaching 74.1 mPa s at a shear rate of 6.81 s−1. Besides, heavy O/W Pickering emulsions were viscoelastic fluids, with both noticeable viscous property and elastic property at the same time. Elastic modulus (G′) and viscous modulus (G″) of the emulsion increased with increasing salinity and decreasing pH, enhancing great deformation capacity. Remarkably, the Pickering emulsions could maintain its viscoelastic behavior at varying temperature conditions. For the first time, rheological study of Pickering emulsions formed by nano-clay nanoparticles as a single emulsifier to heavy oil. Our study underscores the emulsifying ability of nano-clay particles to heavy crude oils, under a wide range of salinity and pH, yielding Pickering emulsions with exceptional stability and rheological properties. This novel emulsion system, possessing high resistance to temperature and salinity, holds promise for a high-performance fracturing fluid design.

Efficient Treatment of Psoriasis Using Conditioned Media from Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids Cultured to Produce Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Enriched Small-Sized Extracellular Vesicles.

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disease in which keratinocytes proliferate abnormally due to excessive immune action. Psoriasis can be associated with various comorbidities and has a significant impact on health-related quality of life. Although many systemic treatments, including biologic agents, have been developed, topical treatment remains the main option for psoriasis management. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop topical treatments with minimal side effects and high efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit excellent immune regulation, anti-inflammatory activities, and therapeutic effects, and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can serve as crucial mediators of functional transfer from MSCs. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a safe and easy-to-use emulsion cream for treating psoriasis using MSC conditioned media (CM) containing EVs. We developed an enhanced Wharton's jelly MSC (WJ-MSC) culture method through a three-dimensional (3D) culture containing exogenous transforming growth factor-β3. Using the 3D culture system, we obtained CM from WJ-MSCs, which yielded a higher EV production compared to that of conventional WJ-MSC culture methods, and investigated the effect of EV-enriched 3D-WJ-MSC-CM cream on psoriasis-related inflammation. Administration of the EV-enriched 3D-WJ-MSC-CM cream significantly reduced erythema, thickness, and scaling of skin lesions, alleviated imiquimod-induced psoriasiform lesions in mice, and ameliorated histopathological changes in mouse skin. The upregulated mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17a, IL-22, IL-23, and IL-36, decreased in the lesions. In conclusion, we present here a new topical treatment for psoriasis using an MSC EV-enriched cream.

Antioxidative Potentials of Eleutherine bulbosa Bulb and Its Utilization in Topical Cosmetic Emulsion

The Eleutherine bulbosa bulb has been reported as a potent antioxidant in food. This work aims to extract the E. bulbosa bulb for use as an antioxidative agent in cosmetics. Water, 95% ethanol (EtOH), and propylene glycol (PG), which are normally used in cosmetic formulation, were employed as green and sustainable extraction solvents. EtOH and PG displayed better candidacy to extract active components from E. bulbosa bulbs than using water, and the mixture of EtOH and PG (EtOH/PG) resulted in the extract with higher bioactive compounds and biological activities compared with using EtOH or PG. The total phenolic content of the EtOH/PG extract was 87.60 ± 2.00 mgGAE/mL which was about an 18–23% increase from when using single EtOH or PG (70.91 ± 2.30, 74.05 ± 0.67 mgGAE/mL). UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis showed that the E. bulbosa bulb extracted in EtOH/PG was composed of naphthalenes, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, myricetin, quercetin, epicatechin, catechin, epigallocatechin, and their derivatives. The ethanolic crude extract exhibited anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activity with the IC50 of 7.76 ± 0.35 and 0.53 ± 0.23 mg/mL, respectively, and was non-cytotoxic to human dermal fibroblast cells at 0.0001–1 mg/mL. The emulsion cream containing 2%(w/w) E. bulbosa bulb concentrated extract was found cosmetically stable after a one-month stability test under 4 °C, ambient temperature (30–35 °C), 45 °C, fluorescent light, and daylight. However, exposure to sunlight during daytime caused changes in the emulsion’s color with ΔE* of 3.85 ± 0.08, and at 45 °C caused the 12% decrease in DPPH activity of emulsion. The finding of this work heightens the antioxidative and safety potentials of the E. bulbosa bulb in cosmetic preparations.

Controlling the formation of ionic complex vesicles through double-tailed surfactants.

Liposomes are often used in cosmetics since they are naturally derived and have excellent texture enhancing capabilities. However, when preparing them by using phospholipids with unsaturated acyl groups, they easily suffer from oxidative degradation. Accordingly, hydrogenated phospholipids are preferred, however, it is difficult to prepare stable liposomes due to its high gel-liquid crystalline phase transition temperature. On the other hand, although dialkyl dimethyl ammonium type cationic surfactants are widely known to form vesicles, they have rarely been used for skincare products except for water-in-oil type emulsion creams stabilized by organically modified clay minerals. We decided to overcome all of the problems above through ionic complex vesicles formed by double-tailed cationic and anionic surfactants. Distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DSAC) and sodium dilauramidoglutamide lysine (DLGL) were selected as cationic and anionic surfactants, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS) measurements were performed to confirm the DSAC/DLGL/water ternary phase diagram. Newly developed ionic complex vesicle formation was confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The adsorbed cosmetic film structure on the skin invivo was evaluated through the polarized infrared external reflection (PIR-ER). Finally, a cosmetic lotion formula was developed and the vesicle size was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). DSC and SWAXS data indicated that stable vesicles could be obtained at a molar ratio of DLGL to DSAC = 6:4. At this molar ratio, multi lamellar vesicles with diameters less than 100 nm were observed through cryo-TEM. PIR-ER data revealed that the developed vesicles formed a highly perpendicular orientation to the human skin surface. We have succeeded in formulating a cosmetic lotion containing developed vesicles with a mean diameter of 63.2 nm, which was stable over 1 month at 0, 37, and 50°C. Our newly developed vesicles can be easily obtained through a coagulation process. Also, the adsorbed film structure supported by PIR-ER experiments implies that the developed lotion has an excellent texture that is the same as cosmetic lotions containing liposomes. Therefore, it's possible that this ionic complex vesicle could take the place of liposomes.

Justification of the composition of the base of the emulsion ointment for the fungal diseases skin treatment

The relevance and socio-economic significance of the problem is determined by the prevalence of fungal diseases, which are affected by every fifth inhabitant of the planet (according to the World Health Organization). Among fungal diseases, dermatomycoses, which are complicated by infection and keratization of the skin, are of particular importance.
 In the treatment of dermatomycoses, a significant place belongs to external therapy (soft and liquid medicinal products). Dermatological medicinal products in Ukraine are mainly represented by drugs of foreign production – 58.2%.The range of multicomponent drugs affecting all links of the pathological process is 21%. Therefore, the development of a scientifically based composition and technology of a multicomponent soft medicine for the treatment of dermatomycoses is an urgent problem of our time.
 The goal of our research was to develop the optimal composition of the emulsion ointment base for the treatment of fungal skin diseases.
 The objects of the study were combinations in different ratios of surface-active substances, hydrophilic non-aqueous substances and emulsifiers. The osmotic properties of the experimental bases were studied using dialysis through a semipermeable membrane. The study of the rheological properties of the samples was carried out on a rotary viscometer Reotest-2 (USA) with a water circulation heater. Determination of colloidal stability (for emulsion systems) was carried out according to DSTU 4765:2007 «Cosmetic creams. General technical conditions». Determination of thermal stability was carried out according to DSTU 4765:2007 «Cosmetic creams. General technical conditions».
 Based on the conducted experimental studies, the composition of the base of the emulsion ointment was substantiated. Rheological studies have established the optimal concentration of surface-active substances in emulsions. The study of the osmotic activity of model emulsions made it possible to establish the optimal ratio of hydrophilic-non-aqueous solvents in the composition of model samples.
 On the basis of the conducted structural-mechanical and pharmacological studies, the composition of the emulsion base of the o/w type emulsion ointment was substantiated for treatment of fungal skin lesions: petroleum jelly (20.0 g), emulsifier No. 1 (5.0 g), PEO-400 (5.0 g), glycerin (5.0 g), Na-KMC (1.0 g), purified water up to 100.0 g.

The efficacy of antiaging cream with Oxalis dehradunensis R. ethanolic extract as skin aging care among woman agriculture workers.

Skin damage and aging are potential health problems for woman agriculture workers. This study aimed to test the efficacy of Oxalis dehradunensis ethanol extract formulated in antiaging cream preparations as an aging treatment in women agriculture workers. The method carried out was an experimental study on woman agriculture workers who were willing to volunteer. The experimental scenario conducted related to the physical quality of antiaging cream products and the efficacy of creams on the skin as an antiaging treatment. Physical quality parameters of antiaging cream include organoleptic assessment, cream emulsion, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, distribution, and skin irritation test to evaluate potential side effects. Skin aging efficacy assessments were conducted on 12 subjects divided into four formula concentration groups. The physical skin identification parameters measured are moisture, pore size, pigmentation or spots, and wrinkles using a skin analyzer. The results found that O. dehradunensis leaf extract formulated as an antiaging cream can neutralize free radicals and is an effective countermeasure against premature skin aging. There were significant differences in the skin characteristics of woman agriculture workers who participated as samples. The formula with 5% concentrate and 7% extract of O. dehradunensis has provided a reaction and is more effective in continuous treatment. It provides skin moisture changes of more than 300%, disguises pore size and good pigmentation, and reduces wrinkles of farmers who are constantly exposed to chemicals and free radicals in their agricultural activities. The leaf extracts antiaging cream showed more significant changes in moisture and skin pigmentation. It was concluded that the use of O. dehradunensis leaf extract as the core ingredient of antiaging cream can be an innovation that is beneficial to the health of the farming community, especially among women agriculture workers.

Antioxidant Face Cream Formulation of Ethanol Extract from Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L)

Face cream is a treatment cream used to treat facial skin. One of the natural plant ingredients that can be used as an active substance in cream preparations is soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) which have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to formulate cream preparations from soursop leaf ethanol extract as well as the antioxidant activity of face cream preparations. Soursop leaves were extracted by maceration using a 96% ethanol solvent. Cream preparations in physical quality evaluation include organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spread power, sticking power, centrifugation, determination of emulsion type, and antioxidant activity test with DPPH method at 𝜆 511,5 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results that organoleptic cream preparations had color differences. The pH of FI, FII, and FIII creams had an average yield of 6,0-6,6 and were homogeneous. All creams had a viscosity value of 49950 cPs and scatter power at 5,2-5,7 cm. FI, FII, and FIII creams fixed power test with an average value of 26,5-46,5 and physically stable at centrifugation tests with cream emulsion type of O/W. Based on the antioxidant activity, the facial creams of ethanol extract from soursop leaves of FI (3%), FII (5%), and FIII (7%) had IC50 values of 80,64, 46,06, and 10,91 ppm respectively. So this study concluded that the facial cream of ethanol extract from soursop leaves at FI, FII, and FIII meet the physical stability requirements based on organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, scatter power, clinging power, centrifugation, and emulsion type tests. FI cream had strong antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 80,64 ppm), then FII and FIII had very strong antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 46,06 and 10,91 ppm. Keywords: Cream, Formulation, Antioxidant, Ethanol extract, Soursop leaves

Factors affecting the intensity of chronic musculoskeletal pain in patients with cardiovascular disease and evaluation of the efficacy of magnesium emulsion cream for muscle cramps.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the intensity of CMP in patients with underlying CVD and to evaluate the efficacy of Ice Power Magnesium In Strong Cream in patients with muscle cramps. We investigated 396 patients with or without CMP who visited an outpatient cardiology clinic and analyzed the features of CMP and factors associated with pain intensity and specific types of CVD in study 1. We also analyzed 73 patients who had muscle cramps in the lower extremities in study 2 to evaluate the efficacy of Ice Power Magnesium In Strong Cream in reducing pain intensity. In study 1, multivariable linear regression analysis showed that older age (regression coefficient [B] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-1.24), female sex (B = 1.18, 95% CI, 0.59-1.76), presence of hypertension (B = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.05-1.33), and use of calcium supplements (B = 1.27, 95% CI, 0.31-2.24) were significantly associated with a higher intensity of CMP. In study 2, the mean pain scores at baseline, week 2 and week 4 after treatment were 5.99 ± 2.12, 2.92 ± 2.63, and 1.90 ± 2.41, respectively, and the reductions were significant at both week 2 and week 4 after treatment (P < .05). Older age, female sex, hypertension, and use of calcium supplements were associated with an increased intensity of CMP. Ice Power Magnesium In Strong Cream was effective in reducing the pain intensity of muscle cramps in the lower extremities.

Experimental research on the development of composition of complex action ointment based on phytocomplex

The aim of the work is to develop the composition of a complex action ointment based on active pharmaceutical ingredients of natural origin for the treatment of cheilitis of various etiologies. Materials and methods. The development of the ointment base by selecting active pharmaceutical ingredients and auxiliary substances determined by organoleptic, physicochemical, rheological and microbiological research methods. Results. Studies of the antimicrobial activity of experimental samples have established that the optimal ointment base is a water/oil emulsion, which provides better API release rates than absorption bases. According to the results of structural and mechanical studies, the introduction of the API complex reduces the structural viscosity of the ointment base. Furthermore, the ability of the ointment to thin out with an increase in the gradient of the shear rate is shown, which will contribute to the uniform distribution of the API during the technological process and the easy application of the ointment to the skin. The study of textural properties of the experimental ointment samples (cohesion, adhesion, and elasticity) also confirmed the satisfactory spreadability of the sample. The optimal container for its consistent properties was chosen according to the results of the ointment's structural, mechanical and textural properties. A test of the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives was conducted, resulting in the minimum effective concentration of sodium benzoate in the amount of 1 % was substantiated. Furthermore, based on the results of a complex of studies, the composition of the emulsion ointment was developed, which includes vaseline (liquid paraffin) 20 %, emulsifiers glycerol monostearate 5.5 %, polysorbate-80 3.5 %, viscosity regulator of the aqueous phase hydroxyethyl cellulose 3 %, phytocomplex API "Phytol" (concentrated aqueous extract of burdock root: oak bark: pot calendula in the ratio 5:1:1.5, respectively) and essential oils of tea tree 1 % and geranium 1.5 %, purified water. Conclusions. Based on organoleptic, physicochemical, rheological and microbiological studies, the composition of the ointment of complex action was developed based on active pharmaceutical ingredients of natural origin for the treatment of cheilitis of various etiologies.

Study of rheological and texture properties of emulsion ointment bases using modern emulsifiers

Study of rheological and texture properties of emulsion ointment bases using modern emulsifiers

Research on the development of technology for the production of emulsion ointment for therapy of cheilitis and analysis of polysaccharides in it

Research on the development of technology for the production of emulsion ointment for therapy of cheilitis and analysis of polysaccharides in it

Synergistic effects of microcrystalline cellulose and xanthan gum on the stability of milk fat-based UHT whipping cream

In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and xanthan gum (XG) were used as stabilizers for the preparation of UHT whipped cream. The purpose was to characterize the effect of stabilizers synergies on whipped cream. Analysis of the creaming stability showed that MCC and XG synergistically and effectively increase the absolute value of zeta potential and keep the particle size within a reasonable range. On the other hand, shear thinning followed by thickening was observed when MCC was added to the whipped cream emulsion. In terms of whipping characteristics, with the increase of XG concentration, the whipping time was prolonged and the overrun level was reduced. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of whipped cream is influenced by the MCC, so that the ability of the foam to adapt to temperature changes is enhanced. Based on confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), MCC ameliorated XG-induced fluid protein adhesion and excessive aggregation of fat globules were observed. This promotes the uniform distribution of protein and fat globule clusters around the air bubbles, while the high viscosity of XG improves the rigidity of the air bubbles interface membrane. These results highlighted the effectiveness of XG/MCC synergistic effects in stability and whipping properties of the milk-based cream, which assisted in rational design of whipped cream with a distinct texture.

Influence of Technological Parameters on the Size of Benzocaine Particles in Ointments Formulated on Selected Bases

Compounding formulations, including semi-solid medication forms, must meet criteria related to specific stability and quality, during a period of their use. In suspension-type ointments, one of the criteria for assessment of their correct manufacturing is particle size, which in the compounding preparation cannot exceed 90 µm. An appropriate level of particle disintegration can be achieved via a selection of technological parameters and qualitatively compatible excipients. In this study, benzocaine ointments were prepared using a levigation process. The time of its application on the particle size of API in suspension ointments was evaluated. In parallel, the effect of mixing parameters and the co-solvent used on the precipitation of active substance crystals in emulsion ointments during the storage of these formulations for 28 days was investigated. Forty suspension and emulsion ointments were prepared using selected ointment bases: Pentravan®, Lekobaza, Lekobaza LUX, Eucerin Ointment I, Nourivan™ Antiox, Fitalite™, containing 2% benzocaine. Based on the results of the stability test, four formulations were selected to study the release kinetics of benzocaine in vitro. These formulations were characterized by the rate of release consistent with the Higuchi model, and the fastest rate of release occurred from the Eucerin-based emulsion ointment.

Emulsifying properties of naturally acetylated xylans and their application in lutein delivery emulsion

Xylans play an important role in dispersing and lubricating cellulose fibrils in lignocellulosic plant cell walls. However, the effect of acetylation on the dispersing and emulsifying properties of xylan is still unclear. In this study, we show that the natural degree of acetylation is vital to ensure xylan an excellent water solubility and emulsifying ability. Alkali extracted xylans were artificially acetylated to degree of substitution (DSAc) between 0.12 and 2.00, while the DMSO extracted originally acetylated xylan (OAX) shows a DSAc of 0.18. Artificially acetylated xylans (AX) with DSAc value similar to OAX shows water solubility and emulsifying ability similar to those of OAX and the best among all the AX samples with different DSAc. They demonstrate excellent emulsifying properties with an emulsifying activity of ~1.3 and an emulsion cream index of ~5 %. AX with the natural DSAc value also demonstrates strong barrier effects in preparing lutein delivery emulsions.

Rheological characterization and fouling deposition behavior of coconut cream emulsion at heat processing temperature range.

Fouling deposition in the coconut cream emulsion (CCE) is considered a severe technical issue in the industry. Since the fouling deposition results from the heating effect on the CCE bulk, the heat-induced structural changes in the CCE bulk at different temperatures were rheologically investigated in the first part of this study. The second part applied different heat treatment conditions to investigate generated fouling deposition (GFD). Chemical composition, FTIR, and SEM imaging were used to explore GFDs thoroughly. The increase in viscosity and storage modulus (G') reflect such heat-induced changes over the experimental conditions. More structural changes were predicted at around ≥85°C, accompanied by a sharp increase in viscosity and (G'), which was associated with the gelation of CCE. The conformational transition, fat agglomeration in CCE bulk, generated fouling deposits (GFDs) were significant around 70°C. The chemical composition of the GFD has shown an increasing trend in the protein, carbohydrates, and ash, meanwhile fluctuation in the fat contents with increasing temperature. The FTIR peaks showed novel peaks around temperature ≥85°C, which implied new amide groups or new protein conformation. The SEM images provided the different microstructures of GFDs at high-temperature levels. More likely the GFDs appeared at temperature ≥85°C are a gel deposit layer. These findings strongly suggest that emulsion gelation was the primary cause of coconut cream fouling.

Nano-technological aspects of zinc oxide and silver in cosmetics

Nanoparticles (NPs) specifically synthesized from leaves’ extracts with a high content of phytonutrients have gained significant importance in personal care products such as sunscreens. The objective of this study was to estimate the in vitro sunscreen activity of an emulsion comprising ZnO and Ag NPs synthesized with the leaves’ extract of Laurus nobilis and Citrus limon based on their stability and capping agents. The sun protection factor (SPF) of cream emulsion containing ZnO and Ag NPs was assessed by an ultraviolet spectrophotometric process along with the Mansur equation. At certain and controlled parameters, the synthesized NPs were finely characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and an energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy technique followed by analyzing some physicochemical parameters such as the hydrogen ion concentration (pH), stability test, viscosity analysis, irritancy patch test, and physical texture verification. The SPF values of the cream emulsion containing ZnO and Ag NPs were recorded as 0.573 and 0.601, respectively. The concentrations of hydrogen ion (pH) of the cream emulsion were 5.5 and 6.3 and are according to the nature of skin. Viscosity summary for the cream emulsion specified comparable rheology, which is considered a basic trait for the emulsion. The emulsion was found stable as there was no phase segregation and liquefaction was detected after centrifugation. Obtaining innovative results that have been concluded from experiments showed that the cream emulsion has photo-protective action and may be employed to improve cosmetics formulation that can be explored as profitable commercial products.

Cold-Pressed Coconut Oil Cream: Preparation and Evaluation

Typically, the emollient effect of the vegetable oil has attributed to its usefulness in skin care preparation. The present study aims to prepare the oil in water emulsion cream containing virgin coconut oil (CO) comprisinghydrophilic and lipophilic surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80). Stability of creams containing CO upon addition of peppermint oil (PO), co-surfactant (Solutol HS 15, ST), solubilizer (benzyl benzoate, BB) was investigated after the temperature cycling. All prepared creams showed the shear thinning flow behavior. Addition of BB gave the lowest viscosity while that comprising ST exhibited the higher viscosity. The highest viscosity formula was the CO andPO containing cream. The particle size determined using light scattering particle analyzer revealed that the mean particle size of all prepared creamswaslower than 35.56 ± 0.62 µm. The homogenous dispersion of oil globules in emulsion was evident, especially, in formulation II (CO) and IV (COand ST). Although the temperature cycling influenced more or less on the compact structure of gel network of cream, the decrement of viscositywasminimal and not much different for cream containing CO and ST (formulation IV). In addition, the mean particle size wasthe smallest for formulation II (CO) which was followed by formulation IV (CO and ST). There wasthe homogenous dispersion of oil globules in formulation II and IV after temperature cycling. All of the above finding was beneficial for employingCO as the oil phase in producing cream such as the foot massage cream where the addition of ST provided the better stability for the prepared cream containing CO.

Development of composition and research of emulsion cream based on amarante oil and lactic acid

Development of composition and research of emulsion cream based on amarante oil and lactic acid

Transfer of Cosmetic Emulsion Cream Technology from Laboratory to Pilot Phase

Introduction. When transferring the technology of cosmetic emulsion cream from laboratory conditions to semi-industrial equipment, it is necessary to determine the critical process parameters that will allow achieving results without losing the quality of the final product.Aim. The aim of the study is to confirm the effectiveness of the developed technology for the production of emulsion cream under scaling conditions.Materials and methods. As active substances were used badan thick-leaved extract dry, salicylic acid, dimethicone, menthol and octypyrox; emollients – grape seed oil, coconut oil, castor oil; emulsifiers and co-emulsifiers – distilled monoglycerides, emulsion wax, anhydrous lanolin, Cremophor A25; humidifier – glycerin; alkaline agent, pH regulator – triethanolamine; preservative – Euxil 9010; fragrance – essential oil of rosewood, solvent – purified water. Phase mixing and emulsification were carried out in a PRS AR 403 planetary mixer (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany), dosing into a sealed plastic container was carried on an FDS II AR 403 ointment dosing unit (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany). The study of the physicochemical and structural-mechanical properties of the cream was carried out in accordance with GOST 29188.2-2014 and GOST 29188.3-91.Results and discussion. Under scaling conditions, 3 pilot series of cosmetic emulsion cream for the prevention of dry seborrhea of the scalp based of badan thick-leaved extract dry have been developed. The cream obtained both in the pilot and laboratory phases met all the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU) 009/2011 "On the safety of perfumery and cosmetic products", which confirms the reproducibility of the developed production technology. A 20-fold increase in loading did not affect the methods of introducing the components and their percentage. To determine the possibility of technology transfer from laboratory conditions to semi-industrial production conditions, the technological characteristics of the equipment were analyzed for the ability to carry out the required technological process, using the Ishikawa diagram, risks were identified and causal relationships of the production. The most important indicators of the technological process have been established – these are the temperature, the number of revolutions of the mixer and the mixing time.Conclusion. On the semi-industrial equipment of the GMP training center, the technology of obtaining a cosmetic emulsion cream based on badan thick-leaved extract dry. A causal diagram (Ishikawa diagram) was compiled. Taking into account possible risks in the production of emulsion cream (number of revolutions of the mixer, stirring time, temperature) made it possible to obtain a stable product that meets all the requirements of TR CU 009/2011 "On the safety of perfumery and cosmetic products". The reproducibility of the technological process is shown.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPOSITION OF EMULSION COSMETIC CREAM WITH MARINE COLLAGEN EXTRACT

The work is devoted to the development of an emulsion cosmetic product using marine collagen extract. Fish and fish products are an important component in the diet, and for the population of a number of countries – the main food. Marine collagen extract is a functional biopolymer collagen – a protein that, due to its unique physical and chemical properties, has found application in the production of cosmetics. The marine environment represents an underexploited resource for the discovery of novel products, despite its high level of biological and chemical diversity. With increasing awareness of the harmful effects of chronic ultraviolet exposure, and a universal desire to improve cosmetic appearance, the market for new cosmetic ingredients is growing, and current trends have generated a greater demand for products sourced from the environment. A growing number of novel molecules from marine flora and fauna exhibit potent and effective dermatological activities. To date, not a single cosmetic company in Ukraine produces emulsion cosmetic products with marine collagen extract. The skin is constantly in contact with the environment and is subjected to various types of interactions: thermal, mechanical, physical, chemical, etc. Some of these influences adversely affect it. As a result, damage to the skin often occurs, accompanied by a violation of the structure and integrity of the skin. Collagen takes part in the rejuvenation of skin cells, and is also responsible for water balance and absorption of nutrients. This paper presents the development of the formulation of an emulsion cosmetic skin care product, as well as the study of the physicochemical parameters of a new product. The calculation of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance made it possible to optimally select the ratio of the oil phase, emulsifier and co-emulsifier. The emulsion cosmetic product was prepared using the hot-hot process method. Thermal stability, colloidal stability and pH were studied as physical and chemical indicators. The research results made it possible to develop a formulation for a cosmetic emulsion cream using marine collagen extract.