COVID-19 Vaccination Programs Research Articles

Analysis of community acceptability to COVID-19 vaccination in coastal communities of North Minahasa Regency

Background: One of the important keys in dealing with COVID-19 is vaccination which can provide immunity to the community. The availability of an effective and safe vaccine certainly does not fully guarantee that the vaccination program will run well and give maximum results. In addition to vaccine distribution management which is quite complicated and must be done very carefully, the community's acceptability factor must be handled properly and carefully. The achievement of COVID-19 vaccination based on PCare Data from Wori health center and Tinongko health center as of January 8, 2022 was 61%. This illustrates that there are still many people who have not been vaccinated. The purpose of the study was to analyze the community's acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccination program in Wori District. Methods: The type of research to be carried out is quantitative research with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional study approach. The research location is in 13 villages in Wori District. The research population is people who are in the administrative area of Wori District. Sampling was done by cluster sampling method using sample calculations obtained 376 respondents. Results: The results showed that there was a significant association between education level, employment status, and knowledge with community acceptability to COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusions: It is necessary to find an effective way to reach people with the most limited access to information in order to increase public acceptance of the vaccination program.

Quantifying the effect of delaying the second COVID-19 vaccine dose in England: a mathematical modelling study

The UK was the first country to start national COVID-19 vaccination programmes, initially administering doses 3 weeks apart. However, early evidence of high vaccine effectiveness after the first dose and the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant prompted the UK to extend the interval between doses to 12 weeks. In this study, we aimed to quantify the effect of delaying the second vaccine dose in England. We used a previously described model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, calibrated to COVID-19 surveillance data from England, including hospital admissions, hospital occupancy, seroprevalence data, and population-level PCR testing data, using a Bayesian evidence-synthesis framework. We modelled and compared the epidemic trajectory in the counterfactual scenario in which vaccine doses were administered 3 weeks apart against the real reported vaccine roll-out schedule of 12 weeks. We estimated and compared the resulting numbers of daily infections, hospital admissions, and deaths. In sensitivity analyses, we investigated scenarios spanning a range of vaccine effectiveness and waning assumptions. In the period from Dec 8, 2020, to Sept 13, 2021, the number of individuals who received a first vaccine dose was higher under the 12-week strategy than the 3-week strategy. For this period, we estimated that delaying the interval between the first and second COVID-19 vaccine doses from 3 to 12 weeks averted a median (calculated as the median of the posterior sample) of 58 000 COVID-19 hospital admissions (291 000 cumulative hospitalisations [95% credible interval 275 000-319 000] under the 3-week strategy vs 233 000 [229 000-238 000] under the 12-week strategy) and 10 100 deaths (64 800 deaths [60 200-68 900] vs 54 700 [52 800-55 600]). Similarly, we estimated that the 3-week strategy would have resulted in more infections compared with the 12-week strategy. Across all sensitivity analyses the 3-week strategy resulted in a greater number of hospital admissions. In results by age group, the 12-week strategy led to more hospitalisations and deaths in older people in spring 2021, but fewer following the emergence of the delta variant during summer 2021. England's delayed-second-dose vaccination strategy was informed by early real-world data on vaccine effectiveness in the context of limited vaccine supplies in a growing epidemic. Our study shows that rapidly providing partial (single-dose) vaccine-induced protection to a larger proportion of the population was successful in reducing the burden of COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths overall. UK National Institute for Health Research; UK Medical Research Council; Community Jameel; Wellcome Trust; UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council; and EU.

Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Booster Dose Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Attributable to Omicron BA.5– and XBB/XBB.1.5–Related Sublineages Among Immunocompetent Adults — Increasing Community Access to Testing Program, United States, December 2022–January 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineage XBB was first detected in the United States in August 2022.* XBB together with a sublineage, XBB.1.5, accounted for >50% of sequenced lineages in the Northeast by December 31, 2022, and 52% of sequenced lineages nationwide as of January 21, 2023. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) can vary by SARS-CoV-2 variant; reduced VE has been observed against some variants, although this is dependent on the health outcome of interest. The goal of the U.S. COVID-19 vaccination program is to prevent severe disease, including hospitalization and death (1); however, VE against symptomatic infection can provide useful insight into vaccine protection against emerging variants in advance of VE estimates against more severe disease. Data from the Increasing Community Access to Testing (ICATT) national pharmacy program for SARS-CoV-2 testing were analyzed to estimate VE of updated (bivalent) mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic infection caused by BA.5-related and XBB/XBB.1.5-related sublineages among immunocompetent adults during December 1, 2022–January 13, 2023. Reduction or failure of spike gene (S-gene) amplification (SGTF) in real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as a proxy indicator of infection with likely BA.5-related sublineages and S-gene target presence (SGTP) of infection with likely XBB/XBB.1.5-related sublineages (2). Among 29,175 nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) with SGTF or SGTP results available from adults who had previously received 2–4 monovalent COVID-19 vaccine doses, the relative VE of a bivalent booster dose given 2–3 months earlier compared with no bivalent booster in persons aged 18–49 years was 52% against symptomatic BA.5 infection and 48% against symptomatic XBB/XBB.1.5 infection. As new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge, continued vaccine effectiveness monitoring is important. Bivalent vaccines appear to provide additional protection against symptomatic BA.5-related sublineage and XBB/XBB.1.5-related sublineage infections in persons who had previously received 2, 3, or 4 monovalent vaccine doses. All persons should stay up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccines, including receiving a bivalent booster dose when they are eligible.

Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccination Rollout Approaches across Canada: Case Studies of Four Diverse Provinces

Across Canada, there were notable differences in the rollout of provincial/territorial COVID-19 vaccination programs, reflecting diverse sociodemographic profiles, geopolitical landscapes, health system designs, and pandemic experiences. We collected information regarding underlying principles and goals, governance and authority, transparency and diversity of communications, activities to strengthen infrastructure and workforce capacity, and entitlement and access in four diverse provinces (British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Nova Scotia). Through cross-case analysis, we observed significant differences in provincial rollouts of the primary two-dose vaccination series in adults between December 2020 and December 2021. Nova Scotia was the only province to state explicit coverage goals and adhere to plans tying coverage to the relaxation of public health measures. Both Nova Scotia and British Columbia implemented fully centralized vaccination booking systems. In contrast, Saskatchewan's initial highly centralized approach enabled the rapid delivery of first doses; however, rollout of second doses was slower and more decentralized, occurring primarily through community pharmacies. In alignment with its decentralized health system, Ontario pursued a regionalized approach, primarily led by its existing public health unit network. Our research suggests explicit goals, centralized booking, and flexible delivery strategies improved uptake; however, ongoing learning will be crucial for informing the success of future vaccination efforts.

Correlation between Knowledge and Hesitancy towards COVID-19 Vaccine in Pregnant Women in The Working Area of Ranomeeto Health Centre

Background: Acceptance or refusal of vaccinations can be influenced by hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine. Hesitancy is determined by knowledge, attitudes, practices, and public concerns about the safety, efficacy, risks, and benefits associated with the COVID-19 vaccination program. Purpose: To determine the association between knowledge and hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant women in the Ranomeeto Health Center Working Area. Methods: This is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted at the Ranomeeto Health Center, Konawe Selatan District. The number of samples is 77 people, collected by purposive sampling technique. Knowledge was measured using a knowledge questionnaire about the covid-19 vaccine. Hesitation was measured using a questionnaire about the COVID-19 vaccine. Data were collected and analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test with a significance value of p<0.05. Results: The results showed that most pregnant women had good knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine (42.9%) and had no hecitation about the COVID-19 vaccine (61.0%). Statistical tests obtained a significant p-value between knowledge and hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine (p=0.010). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between knowledge and hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant women in the Working Area of the Ranomeeto Health Center. Keywords: covid-19 vaccine; hesitancy; knowledge; pregnant women

Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Learning from the Past and Moving Forward

Excerpt:Anong hirap ang kailangan niyong maranasan para kayo ay magpabakuna na? How much suffering are you willing to risk experiencing to persuade you to go for COVID-19 vaccination?Working at a COVID-19 Referral Center, we probably saw a lot more critically ill COVID-19 patients than in other hospitals in the Philippines. During the height of the Delta surge in 2021, our intensive care units (ICUs) for adults and pediatric critical COVID-19 were always full with a long waiting line. The typical medical history of the patients would be a senior retiree, usually a Lolo (grandfather) or a Lola (grandmother), who needed urgent support to be hooked to a mechanical ventilator because they could not breathe on their own anymore. When asked about their COVID-19 vaccination status, Loloand Lola were often not vaccinated. Other times, the patient may not yet be old enough to be considered a Lolo or Lola but may have illnesses like heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, or on dialysis. They too were often not vaccinated. And occasionally, we admitted small children who would seemingly be out of place in the sea of adult patients in the Emergency Room. One would think that because the very young have not yet been allowed to get vaccinated, the people around them would strive to be vaccinated to protect these little ones. On the contrary, though, we saw many young patients whose exposures to COVID-19 came from their unvaccinated parents. This heartbreaking situation continued despite the intensive COVID-19 vaccination program of our government. When one thinks about it, it is possible that some of the many deaths and sufferings of patients and the anguish of grieving families, as well as the lonely exits of beloved ones dying alone amidst CPR machines and teams, may have been avoided had unvaccinated patients opted to be vaccinated. Now over 2 ½ years into the pandemic with many cases said to be mild, we continue to have a continuous flow of admissions for COVID-19 which fall into the moderate, severe, and even critical COVID-19, and some of them are because they have remained unvaccinated. Where and how can we improve the situation?

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Persepsi Masyarakat Urban Terhadap Program Vaksinasi Nasional COVID-19 di Kota Sumbawa Besar Provinsi NTB

Since 2020, vaccination has been running to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic, NTB. The vaccination program is still at a stagnant pace. The pace of vaccination can be influenced by several factors, especially public perception of vaccination. This research was conducted in two villages of Sumbawa Besar Regency in the period October-November 2020. The research was carried out using research instruments in the form of questionnaires. The sample collection technique used SLOVIN and obtained 100 respondents. This study used a cross-sectional method with data testing using the Chi-square statistical test and Fischer's Exact Test. The results of this study showed that most respondents had a good perception of COVID-19 vaccination and the absence of a meaningful relationship between age (p=0.746), gender (p=0.923), degree of education (p=0.837), and level of knowledge (p=0.064) with the level of respondents' perception of the national COVID-19 vaccination program.

OP24 Neutralising antibody potency against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Omicron BA.1 and BA.4/5 variants in infliximab and vedolizumab treated patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease after three doses of COVID-19 vaccine: a prospective multicentre cohort study

Abstract Background Anti-tumour necrosis factor drugs such as infliximab are associated with attenuated antibody responses after COVID-19 vaccination. It is unknown how infliximab impacts vaccine-induced serological responses against highly transmissible Omicron variants, which possess the ability to evade host immunity and are now the dominating variants causing current waves of infection. Methods In this prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study, we investigated neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Omicron BA.1 and BA.4/5 variants after three doses of COVID-19 vaccination in 1288 patients with IBD without prior COVID-19 infection, who were established on either infliximab (n=871) or vedolizumab (n=417). Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to investigate the risk of breakthrough infection in relation to neutralising antibody titres. Results Following three doses of COVID-19 vaccine, neutralising titre NT50 (half-inhibitory neutralising titre) was significantly diminished in patients treated with infliximab as compared to patients treated with vedolizumab, against wild-type, BA.1 and BA.4/5 variants (Fig 1). Patients with Crohn’s disease showed lower antibody NT50 compared to patients with ulcerative colitis against wild-type strain and BA.4/5 (Fig 2). Older age and thiopurine were independently associated with lower NT50 against wild-type strain and BA.4/5 (Fig 2). Non-white ethnicity was associated with higher NT50 compared to white ethnicity against wild-type strain, BA.1 and BA.4/5 (Fig 2). Breakthrough infection was significantly more frequent in patients treated with infliximab compared to patients treated with vedolizumab (Fig 3). Cox proportional hazards models of time to breakthrough infection after the third dose showed infliximab treatment to be associated with a higher hazard risk (HR) of 1.71 (95% CI [1.08 to 2.71], p=0.022) compared to vedolizumab (Fig 4). Higher neutralising antibody titres against BA.4/5 were associated with a lower hazard risk and a longer time to breakthrough infection (HR 0.87 [0.79 to 0.95] p=0.0028) (Fig 4). Conclusion Following a third COVID-19 vaccine dose, patients established on infliximab treatment have significantly lower neutralising titres against SARS-CoV-2, which were especially low against Omicron variants. Increased breakthrough infection in infliximab recipients was associated with lower neutralising antibody titres against BA.4/5. These data underline the importance of continued COVID-19 vaccination programs, including second-generation bivalent vaccines, especially in patient subgroups where vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy may be reduced.

Faktor Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Penerimaan Vaksinasi Covid-19 pada Masyarakat di Kota Kupang Tahun 2022

The global Covid-19 pandemic that continues to hit the world has infected and caused death to thousands of people. Vaccination is a method of preventinng disease in the world of health. Kupang City is one of the areas with the highest number of Covid-19 cases in the province of East Nusa Tenggara with the number of cases infected with Covid-19 as many as 15,446 cases. The vaccine that has been developed is the best hope as a solution to control the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccination in the community in Kupang City in 2022. This research method was analytic observational with a cross sectional survey design with a sampling, namely accidental sampling. Respondents in this study were people in Kupang City aged 18 years and over totaling 369 people. Data analysis in this study used univariate and bivariate analysis with chi squaretest.. The results of this study indicate that the variables associated with acceeptance Covid-19 vaccination are age (p=0,007; CC=0,251), education (p=0,000; 0,298), knowledge (p=0,025; CC=0,130) and anxiety (p=0,000; CC =0,372). It is recommended for health institutions to plan a Covid-19 vaccination program so that it can reach all community targets and can optimize the control of Covid-19 in Kupang City.

STIGMA MASYARAKAT TERHADAP VAKSINASI COVID-19 DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BASO KABUPATEN AGAM TAHUN 2021

<p><em>Vaccination realization for the Baso community in Agam Regency is still low. Based on data from the West Sumatra Health Office until September 2021, Agam Regency occupies the last position in vaccination achievements among 19 regencies and cities of West Sumatra. Wrong stigma and lack of information are the cause of the lack of public compliance in participating in the Covid-19 vaccination program. Stigma as a phenomenon that can affect the individual as a whole. The purpose of this study was to explore how the stigma of the community in the working area of the Baso Public Health Center towards the Covid-19 vaccination facilitated by the government. This is a qualitative study using the deep interview method and a phenomenological study approach. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. The number of participants is 9 people from Baso. Data analysis using Collaizi approach. The study's finding revealed two themes: the rejection of the Covid-19 vaccination due to the crisis of public confidence in the side effects of the vaccine and the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccination by the public were based on compulsion. It is hoped that with this research, the services provided by local health centers will be even better, especially in providing education or health education to the public regarding the Covid-19 vaccination.</em></p>

Determinan Keikutsertaan Masyarakat Pada Program Vaksinasi Covid-19

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which is transmitted mainly through saliva or secretions from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. One way to prevent the wider spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is by vaccination. Purpose: To determine factors related to community participation in the COVID-19 vaccination program in Batu Merah State, Ambon City in 2021. Methode: This study was an analytical study using primary data with a cross-sectional approach. The sample were residents of Batu Merah State, aged 18 years, totaling 204 people taken using cluster random sampling technique. Results: As many as 59 respondents (28.9%) had received the first dose of vaccination and as many as 42 respondents (20.6%) had received the first and second doses of vaccination. Meanwhile, as many as 103 respondents (50.5%) have not been vaccinated. The role of the environment is mostly found in the supportive category, which is 136 respondents (66.7%), the most motivation is in the medium category, which is 125 respondents (61.3%), the most economic level is in the lower middle category as many as 117 respondents ( 57.4%), the highest confidence was in the medium category, which was 110 respondents (53.9%), and the most convenience was in the fairly easy category, which was 163 respondents (79.9%). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the role of the environment, motivation, economic level, confidence, convenience with community participation in the COVID-19 vaccination program in Batu Merah State, Ambon City in 2021.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The role of social circle COVID-19 illness and vaccination experiences in COVID-19 vaccination decisions: an online survey of the United States population

BackgroundAround the world, policymakers have clearly communicated that COVID-19 vaccination programs need to be accepted by a large proportion of the population to allow life return to normal. However, according to the Center for Disease Control, about 31% of the United States population had not completed the primary vaccination series as of November 2022.AimsThe primary aim of this work is to identify the factors associated by American citizens with the decision to be vaccinated against COVID-19. In addition, the proportion of fatal events from COVID-19 vaccinations was estimated and compared with the data in the VAERS database.MethodsAn online survey of COVID-19 health experiences was conducted. Information was collected regarding reasons for and against COVID-19 inoculations, experiences with COVID-19 illness and COVID-19 inoculations by survey respondents and their social circles. Logit regression analyses were carried out to identify factors influencing the likelihood of being vaccinated.ResultsA total of 2840 participants completed the survey between December 18 and 23, 2021. 51% (1383 of 2840) of the participants were female and the mean age was 47 (95% CI 46.36–47.64) years. Those who knew someone who experienced a health problem from COVID-19 were more likely to be vaccinated (OR: 1.309, 95% CI 1.094–1.566), while those who knew someone who experienced a health problem following vaccination were less likely to be vaccinated (OR: 0.567, 95% CI 0.461–0.698). 34% (959 of 2840) reported that they knew at least one person who had experienced a significant health problem due to the COVID-19 illness. Similarly, 22% (612 of 2840) of respondents indicated that they knew at least one person who had experienced a severe health problem following COVID-19 vaccination. With these survey data, the total number of fatalities due to COVID-19 inoculation may be as high as 278,000 (95% CI 217,330–332,608) when fatalities that may have occurred regardless of inoculation are removed.ConclusionKnowing someone who reported serious health issues either from COVID-19 or from COVID-19 vaccination are important factors for the decision to get vaccinated. The large difference in the possible number of fatalities due to COVID-19 vaccination that emerges from this survey and the available governmental data should be further investigated.

Qualitative Conceptual Content Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Administration Error Inquiries.

The launch of the COVID-19 vaccination program was the largest vaccination campaign in U.S. history, with an unprecedented demand for vaccine and new vaccination providers, warranting significant education and communication efforts. NIP-INFO (nipinfo@cdc.gov) is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) immunization inquiry response service, and it receives inquiries for COVID-19 and routine non-COVID vaccines. A qualitative analysis of NIP-INFO's content was performed to better characterize and understand some of the knowledge gaps and reasons that COVID-19 vaccine administration errors occur. A total of 734 COVID-19 vaccine administration error inquiries were received between January 2021 and April 2022. The most frequent inquiries related to storage (n = 191; 26.0%), incorrect dosage or product (n = 190; 25.9%), unauthorized age group (n = 108; 14.7%), and schedule (n = 105; 14.3%). Training and communication strategies are imperative to ensure proper vaccine administration and build and maintain vaccine confidence.

Ethical implications for children’s exclusion in the initial COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana

ABSTRACTBioethics provides various models of fair allocation of scarce health resources like COVID-19 vaccines. Even though these models are grounded in some ethical principles like justice and beneficence, there were severe inequalities in global access to COVID-19 vaccines. In Ghana, about 21.5 million COVID-19-doses have been administered but comprise mainly members of the adult population. As a result, ethical issues related to vaccinating children have been largely ignored in the country. This paper explores some of the ethical implications related to children’s exclusion in the initial COVID-19 vaccination programs in Ghana. It provides a general overview of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana and how it related to children and discusses the risks to which Ghanaian children were exposed by delaying their COVID-19 vaccination. A guide to facilitating the full rollout of COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana for children has been proposed that indicates that a fair vaccine distribution for children should prioritize children on admission at health facilities, those diagnosed with severe underlying health conditions, and children who could play an instrumental role in promoting vaccine uptake. It concludes that children must not be placed at the peripheries of the COVID-19 vaccination program in Ghana.

Mathematical Model of the Central Lombok Regency People’s Interest towards the COVID-19 Vaccination

The COVID-19 vaccination program as an effort to prevent COVID-19 infection is still less attractive to the public in some areas in Indonesia, one of which is Central Lombok Regency. This is indicated by data on the number of complete vaccine recipients who still have not reached the threshold value for the formation of herd immunity. The factors that influence people's interest in COVID-19 vaccination can be analyzed using a mathematical model. This study aims to obtain a mathematical model of the interest of the people of Central Lombok Regency towards COVID-19 vaccination and to find out what factors most influence the interest of the people of Central Lombok Regency towards COVID-19 vaccination. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive method. The data collection technique used a questionnaire that was given randomly to 332 respondents, namely the people of Central Lombok Regency in the age range of 12 to 70 years. Data analysis was based on multiple linear regression analysis with classical assumption tests, namely normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity tests. The results of the study obtained a mathematical model of the interest of the people of Central Lombok Regency towards COVID-19 vaccination. Variable of trust in the vaccine effectiveness and trust in the government are the factors that influenced the interest of the people of Central Lombok Regency towards COVID-19 vaccination.

Changes in COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability among Parents with Children Aged 6-35 Months in China-Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys in 2020 and 2021.

China is considering to offer COVID-19 vaccination for children aged 6−35 months. This study investigated the changes in COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and associated factors among parents with children aged 6−35 months in 2020 and 2021. Two rounds of cross-sectional online surveys were conducted among adult factory workers in Shenzhen, China. A subset of 208 (first round) and 229 (second round) parents with at least one child aged 6−35 months was included in the study. Parental acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination increased significantly from 66.8% in the first round to 79.5% in the second round (p = 0.01). Positive attitudes, perceived subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were associated with higher parental acceptability in both rounds of surveys (p values ranged from <0.001 to 0.003). A negative association of negative attitudes with parental acceptability was observed in the second round (p = 0.02). No significant associations of exposure to information related to COVID-19 vaccination on social media with parental acceptability was found in either round of survey. Expanding the existing COVID-19 vaccination programs to cover children aged 6−35 months is necessary in China. Future programs should focus on modifying perceptions among parents to promote COVID-19 vaccination for children in this age group.

Implementation and Obstacles of The Third Dosage COVID-19 Vaccination Program in Lampung Province in 2022

The high number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 has caused a number of countries, including Indonesia, to continue to struggle to stop its spread. In addition to carrying out health protocols, it is necessary to carry out vaccinations. The COVID-19 vaccine has proven to be quite safe and effective and shows high protection against infection, hospitalization and death from the virus. However, the efficacy or effectiveness against viral infections decreases after six months, so a booster vaccine is needed. Coverage of the third dose of the covid-19 vaccine in Indonesia is still low at 28.39%. Lampung Province is one of the provinces that has a low coverage of 26.96%. In addition, Lampung Province is a province with a high risk when viewed from the CFR COVID-19 figure of 5.59%. The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of the third dose of COVID-19 vaccination in Lampung Province and identify the obstacles that occurred in its. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews and document review. The research results show the availability of policies that support implementation, there is a regional role in funding, a lack of human resources, infrastructure as well as tools and materials. There are obstacles to the process of implementing, recording and reporting and the low coverage of the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The implementation of the third dose of Covid-19 vaccination in Lampung Province is still not optimal and there are still obstacles in its implementation that affect program coverage. Barriers that occur are internal (service provider) and external (service recipient) barriers.

Gerontological social workers' perspectives about the future at the start of a COVID-19 vaccination program: A photovoice study.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a continuing public health crisis, although it has lessened in its intensity since the start of worldwide vaccination programs. In aged care facilities, gerontological social workers have become frontline professionals facing multiple challenges and demands. One year after the first COVID-19 case in Portugal, during the second major lockdown in the country, and with vaccination starting in these facilities, a photovoice program to identify the experiences of these professionals was developed. This study aimed to understand how gerontological social workers foresee the future of practice and intervention with older adults. A thematic analysis was conducted based on the photographs and associated narratives from 10 participants, all female, aged between 22 and 35 years, who attended a program's session. Three themes were identified with the thematic analysis: (1) personal and professional growth (with renewed life perspectives and increased resilience), (2) reinvention of intervention (with improved management of emotions, teamwork, and alternative ways of intervening), and (3) hope to use the lessons learned (hope that vaccination will bring conditions to recover the older adults' well-being and opportunities to use the good lessons learned). These findings are relevant to inform policymakers and governments about practices in aged care facilities and to improve the training of gerontological social workers in acute action management and intervention. We stress alternative ways of intervening that came up in the response to the pandemic such as emotional management, digital technology, communication strategies, self-care, or the families' involvement.

Determinants of parents’ intention to vaccinate their children aged 12–17 years against COVID-19 in North Kivu (Democratic Republic of Congo)

ABSTRACT Parents are facing tremendous stress in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination program for children. We aimed to investigate parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in North Kivu province, (Democratic Republic of Congo). A cross-sectional survey between 1 December 2021 to 20 January 2022 in six health zones (Goma, Karisimbi, Butembo, Beni, Kamango, and Katwa) was conducted in the province of North Kivu. In each health zone, we selected five clusters (Health area) using the method of probabilistic selection proportional to population size. In total, 522 parents participated in our study. Results: Overall, 32.8% of parents intended to vaccinate their children. In the multivariate analysis, a younger age of parents (aOR: 2.40, CI: [1.50–3.83]), a higher level of fear that “a member of my family” could contract COVID-19 (aOR: 2.35, CI: [1.38–4.02]), a higher level of perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 within the family (aOR: 1.70, CI: [1.005–2.2881]), a higher level of perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 within the family (aOR: 3.07, CI: [1.80–5.23]), and a history of vaccination against COVID-19 among parents (aOR: 16.47, CI: [8.39–32.33]), were all significantly associated with the intention of parents to have their children or adolescents vaccinated. According to the different explanatory factors of the will to have their children vaccinated, an emphasis on the health education of parents who are prone to refusal or hesitation of the vaccine, by addressing the common reasons for the refusal of the vaccine and highlight the vaccine’s benefits.

COVID-19 Vaccines Adverse Effects and the need for more focused, if not individualized approach in COVID-19 vaccination programs

Aim of this review is to discuss the need for more focused, if not individualized COVID-19 vaccination approach with a goal to prevent serious adverse effects and to establish high quality vaccination programs according to the principles of precision medicine.