COVID-19 Pandemic In Indonesia Research Articles

Durkheim’s Social Solidarity: Learning from the COVID-19 Pandemic through the ‘Jogo Tonggo’ Policy

This paper attempts to discuss the importance and necessity of social solidarity in societal structure during times of crisis. Learning from the conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia, particularly in Central Java Province in 2019-2022, which continues to increase due to COVID-19 virus mutation into various variants such as Delta and Omicron, reveals a very concerning situation. When COVID-19 cases continued to rise in various cities and districts throughout Central Java, the Governor of Central Java, Ganjar Pranowo, issued a policy known as ‘Jogo Tonggo’ (Javanese), which translates to 'Take care of your neighbors' in Indonesian. This policy has been shown to be effective in assisting health workers and reducing the government’s burden in dealing with a pandemic. This paper will be analyzed through Emile Durkheim’s concept of Social Solidarity through a literature review, which can further demonstrate that social solidarity in Indonesian society has proven to function well as social resilience when a crisis such as the COVID-19 Pandemic occurs.

Exploring the role of agile governance in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: a literature review

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many alterations to the government’s policy structures due to its multidimensional impact. To minimize the impact, governments need to adopt the agile governance method as a principle enabling organizations to respond and adapt quickly toward unexpected changes under uncertain conditions. This study goals to report of systematic review about government policies in managing the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia through an agile governance perspective. The research method applied in this study is a systematic literature review of a set of current literature articles emanating from the idea of agile governance for managing the pandemic. The results of this study were formulated through a peer review of the article synthesis according to the six principles of agile governance to determine the resulting distribution. The research results show that the application of agile governance in Indonesia can reduce the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through various policies set by the government, although several principles and policies are not implemented efficiently. However, the agile and adaptive principles promoted by the principles of agile governance enable the government to make adaptive decisions and policies in uncertain situations.

Preparation, instructional systems, barriers and teachers' efforts in inclusive classrooms: Implementation of limited face-to-face learning during the Covid-19 pandemic

This study explores teacher opinions regarding implementing limited face-to-face learning (LF2FL) in inclusive classrooms during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Data were collected for 24 teachers in elementary schools who have taught in the inclusive classroom through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results showed four main themes regarding implementing LF2FL: preparation, instructional systems, barriers, and teacher efforts. Teachers in inclusive classrooms have a heavier workload due to the diverse characteristics of students, mainly students with disabilities who require special treatment in all aspects of achieving learning outcomes. However, the many limitations faced by teachers during the implementation of LF2FL led to teachers' awareness of increasing competence to achieve learning goals for all students. The Indonesian government must readjust the rules for more flexible learning times which have an impact on the learning outcomes of all students in inclusive classrooms.

Reconstructing Legal Frameworks: Central-Local Government Collaboration during the Pandemic in Indonesia

This research discusses the issue of centralization and decentralization in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the Indonesian context. Criticism of decentralization in COVID-19 was conveyed by Smith (2012), who considered it a form of centralization that strengthens narrow interests and threatens the public interest. This research also looks at the implementation of health decentralization in Natuna, which is experiencing severe challenges such as a shortage of medical personnel, lack of timely available funds, and inadequate availability of vaccines and medical materials. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has raised challenges in coordinating and managing responses in various countries, with some adopting a centralized approach and others favoring decentralization. This research tries to explore the legal links between the central and regional governments in handling COVID-19 in Indonesia, with a focus on the impact of existing regulations such as Law No. 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management, Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, and Law no. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine regarding cooperation and coordination between the central and regional governments in handling the pandemic. This research is vital because COVID-19 is a global health crisis affecting various social, economic, and political aspects. With a better understanding of the legal relationship between central and regional governments in handling the pandemic, it is hoped that response coordination and effectiveness can be improved, thereby saving lives and reducing adverse social and economic impacts. This research has the advantage of focusing on the legal relationship between the central and regional governments in handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and recommendations for reconstructing this legal relationship by referring to the 1945 Constitution. Good collaboration between the central and regional governments is considered vital in handling the COVID-19 pandemic -19 in the future.

Impact of Financial Profitability Ratio to the Stock Returns of Telecommunication Company during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

COVID-19 has become a major pandemic striking the world with shocking effects. These strikes resulted in deaths of a lot of people across the globe and also forced people to adopt a new way of life. Not only lifestyle, this pandemic is also affecting all sectors of people’s lives, especially in economic and business sectors. This study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firms financial performance and stock price in the telecommunication sector in Indonesia. In this case, it focuses on the profitability ratio. The independent variables include on this study are ROA, ROE, ROCE, ROIC, NPM, OPM, and GPM while the stock return becomes the dependent variables. The data is processed towards panel data regression and divided the timeline into 3 periods, pre-pandemic periods (2017-2019) and post-pandemic periods (2020-2022) and overall periods (2017-2022). This study found that in overall period model, pre-pandemic, and post pandemic model, none of the dependent variables significantly affect stock returns partially. Simultaneously, the profitability financial ratios also do not affect stock return significantly.

Comparative Analysis Of Financial Performance Of Transportation And Hospitality Sector Companies Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic Publication Text

This study aims to look at differences in the financial performance of companies in the transportation and hotel sectors before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study using a sample of 35 companies in the transportation and hotel sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data used is secondary data obtained from annual reports for the period 2018-2019 before the Covid-19 pandemic and 2020-2021 when the Covid-19 pandemic occurred. The analytical method used is a differential test using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test on the ROA, CR, DER, and PER variables. The results of this research show that there is a significant difference in the ROA and CR variables, where the ROA and CR values before the Covid-19 pandemic were higher than during the Covid-19 pandemic, while the value of the DER variable before the Covid-19 pandemic was not lower than during the Covid-19 pandemic period and the PER value before the Covid-19 pandemic was not higher than during the Covid-19 pandemic period in Indonesia.

Factors Associated With Common Mental Disorders and the Presence of Noncommunicable Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Study in Bogor, West Java

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of Indonesians, including those with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and those without. However, it is known that COVID-19 has a higher fatality rate in people with NCDs. This study aimed to determine the difference in the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among respondents with and without NCDs and identify the associated factors of CMD from each sub-sample. This cross-sectional study used respondents from the Bogor Cohort Study of noncommunicable disease risk factors. The NCDs in the current study included hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and diabetes mellitus (DM). The diagnosis of NCD was determined by trained medical professionals following research protocols. A total of 2,936 participants were involved in this study, including 1,734 with NCDs and 1,202 without. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with CMD in respondents with and without NCDs. The prevalence of CMD was slightly higher in respondents with NCDs (5.1%) than in those without NCDs (3.6%). Experiencing COVID-19 symptoms in the last six months was a factor associated with CMD in both groups; those with NCDs (AOR = 4.156; 95% CI [2.37, 7.30]; p < .001) and those without (AOR = 5.797; 95% CI [2.63, 12.78]; p < .001). Not having health insurance was a factor associated with CMD, only in respondents with NCDs (AOR = 2.582; 95% CI [1.35, 4.93]; p = .004). Female gender and low education were factors associated with CMD only in respondents without NCDs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, newly diagnosed subjects with NCDs and non-adherence to treatment were identified as factors associated with CMD in respondents with NCDs who had undergone PCR and/or rapid testing. During the pandemic, the knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms and health insurance ownership significantly impacted the community’s wellbeing, not only for physical but also for psychological health.

Hypoglycemia Incidence Rate in National and Non-National Health Insurance of Type 2 Diabetes Patients in COVID-19 Pandemic at Central Borneo

Community activity restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia impact the quantity and quality of health services for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This limitation could increase the risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. The study aimed to compare the incidence rate of hypoglycemia between national (NHIP) and non-national health insurance participants (N-NHIP) with T2DM during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted at a government hospital in Central Borneo. Data was collected by consecutive sampling from September to November 2021. Sixty-two participants were divided into two groups (NHIP and N-NHIP groups). Each group consisted of 31 participants. They were interviewed regarding their experience with hypoglycemia in the last three months. The incidence rate of hypoglycemia in N-NHIP was higher than in NHIP (93.55% vs. 87.10%; p>0.05). Hypoglycemia is mostly presented in patients using a combination of short-acting and long-acting insulin. The incidence rate of hypoglycemia in T2DM during the COVID-19 pandemic in Central Borneo was relatively high. In future studies, it is necessary to analyse the factors that significantly affect the incidence of hypoglycemia in the population of T2DM patients in Indonesia.

Maternal Characteristics and Outcomes Affected by COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.

Compare the impact of the intervention on the outcome of pregnancy of patients receiving obstetric care with and non-COVID-19 diagnosis at a tertiary referral hospital located in the region of East Java, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional analysis of 694 pregnant women. These patients' information was acquired based on the medical data obtained from the hospital. The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the disparities among the factors examined in this research investigation. There was a statistically significant difference in length of stay (LOS). It has been shown that individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 often exhibit a longer length of stay (LOS) in healthcare facilities compared to those who do not have the infection. More than fifty percent of patients gave birth by cesarean section, 83 in COVID-19 group and 283 in non-COVID-19 group. The most prevalent complications among COVID-19 patients were maternal infectious and parasitic diseases (1.3 vs 0%), prolonged labor (12.3 vs 9.6%) and puerperal complications (0.6 vs 0%). In 40.9% of COVID-19 patients, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was encountered. Infection due to COVID-19 had no discernible impact on the outcomes of pregnancy. Numerous interventions, including cesarean delivery in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, require reevaluation. It is imperative to undertake a comprehensive reassessment of the health care delivery system, with particular emphasis on enhancing the efficacy of the referral system.

Pengaruh Konsumsi Informasi terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan COVID-19: Studi Quasi Eksperimental Time Series

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia is still ongoing despite a decrease in the number of cases compared to last year. Based on BPS data, it is assumed that some people believe the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing and some believe this pandemic is over. The results of previous research show that the level of prevention behavior for COVID-19 is influenced by the level of media consumption, which is mediated by personal responsibility and the moderating role of one's health orientation. This experimental research aims to analyze the relationship between consumption of information about COVID-19 which influences prevention behavior. The method used is Quasi Experimental: The Time Series Experiment, by comparing prevention behavior after giving treatment in the form of COVID-19 information for 2 weeks in each group. The results of this study indicate that health orientation does not affect a person's personal responsibility, then differences in prevention behavior and also the duration of change in a person's preventive behavior against COVID-19 are influenced by their health orientation.

Decreasing coverage of co-production based on maternal and child health services (Posyandu) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Decreasing coverage of co-production based on maternal and child health services (Posyandu) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

A Study of Factors that Influence Intention to Use Telemedicine Applications in the Era of Post Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This study was conducted to get some insights into what factors influence individual behavior to use telemedicine applications post-COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Some studies were done previously during the COVID-19 pandemic era; however, as we moved to the new era post covid-19 pandemic, it would be interesting to find the answers. The research method was the quantitative approach. Survey to total 746 respondents spread throughout Indonesia were conducted, but 620 valid responses were collected to analyse user behavior towards the of telemedicine applications. Findings – The findings indicated that intention to use telemedicine application post COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia was jointly predicted and explained 64.8% by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, hedonic motivation, price values, habit, perceived security and reliability. The result also revealed that three variables which are performance expectancy, habit, perceived security and reliability have strong positive correlations and significant influence on individual behavior towards the use of telemedicine. Respondents were collected randomly from some areas, meanwhile Indonesia is a large country, consists of more than 10,000 islands. The result may be applicable only in some places. Based on the findings, it is important for healthcare professionals or those who have interest in the telemedicine industry to carefully look at three key factors related to improve performance expectancy, build users habit, and ensuring security and reliability in order to drive individuals' behavior to use telemedicine application in Indonesia. This study is using modified UTAUT2 model to assess individual behavior towards use of telemedicine application post covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Designing a Green Business Model with a Design Thinking and Business Model Canvas: Case Study of SMEs in Bandung

SMEs are one of the economic sectors most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Large-scale social restrictions to stop the spread of the pandemic have resulted in reduced income for SMEs. SMEs are trying to survive during the pandemic by utilizing online sales, but this has resulted in using a lot of plastic wrap, which is not environmentally friendly. This study aims to design a green business model with a Design Thinking approach and the Business Model Canvas. The findings in this study obtained several alternative suggestions, namely using alternative environmentally friendly packaging, working with the Garbage Bank for waste management, and turning coffee grounds into coffee scrub ingredients.

Husbands’ Support Synergistically with Distance to Vaccination Centre Associated with Childhood Immunization Compliance During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, compliance with childhood immunization in Indonesia declined.Objective: To determine the independent factors and the relation between the synergistic effect of husbands’ support and distance to vaccination centres on compliance with childhood immunization during the pandemic.Material and Methods: A total of 506 mothers in Jambi Province, Indonesia, participated in a cross-sectional study from March until May 2021. The associations between the factors were analysed using logistic regression. From the most contributing variables, the researchers made dummy variables (2x2) to investigate the synergistic association on compliance with childhood immunization of husband support and the distance to vaccination centres.Results: Among the variables with positive correlations to childhood vaccination, supportive husbands and less distance to vaccination centres had a synergistic effect on compliance with immunization (AOR 95% CI = 4.10 [2–8.41]). Groups that was less supportive from husband and the distance <4km as well as the groups was husband’s support but the distance >4km had less compliance (AOR 95% CI = 2.47 [1.22–4.97]; 2.83 [1.18–6.81]).Conclusions: Family support and accessibility to childhood immunization should be increased during vaccination campaigns. Introducción: Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, disminuyó el cumplimiento de la inmunización infantil en Indonesia.Objectivo: Determinar los factores independientes y la relación entre el efecto sinérgico del apoyo de los maridos y la distancia a los centros de vacunación sobre el cumplimiento de la vacunación infantil durante la pandemia.Materiales y Métodos: Un total de 506 madres en la provincia de Jambi, Indonesia, participaron en un estudio transversal desde Marzo hasta Mayo de 2021. Las asociaciones entre los factores se analizaron mediante regresión logística. A partir de las variables más contribuyentes, los investigadores hicieron variables ficticias (2x2) para investigar la asociación sinérgica sobre el cumplimiento de la vacunación infantil del apoyo del marido y la distancia a los centros de vacunación.Resultados: Entre las variables con correlaciones positivas con la vacunación infantil, el apoyo de los esposos y la menor distancia a los centros de vacunación tuvieron un efecto sinérgico en el cumplimiento de la vacunación (AOR IC del 95 % = 4,10 [2–8,41]). Los grupos que recibieron menos apoyo del esposo y la distancia <4 km, así como los grupos que recibieron el apoyo del esposo, pero la distancia > 4 km tuvieron menos cumplimiento (AOR IC del 95 % = 2,47 [1,22–4,97]; 2,83 [1,18–6,81]).Conclusiones: El apoyo familiar y la accesibilidad a la inmunización infantil deben aumentar durante las campañas de vacunación.

Experiences of Patients with Tuberculosis Who Underwent Completed TB Treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study.

The scope of tuberculosis (TB) elimination programs, such as case detection, rapid diagnostics, and treatment success, has dramatically worsened because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the experiences of patients with TB who had completed their treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study was performed using content analysis approach between May-July 2022. A total of 14 patients with TB who agreed to participate in this study were selected using purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview guidelines, and the interviews ended after information saturation occurred. Data analysis was carried out concurrently to identify the main themes. The NVIVO software application version 12 was utilized to analyze the data. Several key themes emerged from the study, shedding light on various aspects of the experiences of TB patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. These themes encompass (1) Barriers to TB Diagnosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic; (2) Challenges in TB Treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic; and (3) Support Resources during TB Treatment in pandemic era. Patients have difficulty receiving healthcare because of changes in TB health services brought on by the pandemic. This research advances our knowledge of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with TB and lays the groundwork for improved patient support and interventions.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY: KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD PARTICIPATION IN THE COVID-19 VACCINATION PROGRAM AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS

Background: COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has increased. Therefore, some efforts are needed including the COVID-19 Vaccination Program to overcome this issue. Until June 29th, 2021, 28.304.774 Indonesians have received the first dose of the vaccine, and 13.329.738 for the second dose of vaccine, out of the national target of 181.554.465. It indicates that the coverage is still far from the target. The knowledge and attitude of the individual are one of the key factors for a person to participate in the program. Purpose: To analyze the correlation between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward their participation in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program among medical students. Methods: This is descriptive analytic with cross-sectional approach. The samples were 339 Medical Students Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Sampling technique was collected using stratified random sampling technique. Data was retrieved online using Google Forms. Data were then analyzed using statistical software the IBM SPSS version 23. The fisher exact test was used to test the significance of the relationship. Results: We included 339 medical students, in which 264 students (77.9%) participated in the vaccination program but 75 students (22.1%) didn’t. The statistical test showed that p-value of the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with participation of medical student in the COVID-19 vaccination program with p-value= 0.055 and p-value= 0.025. Conclusion: There is no correlation between knowledge and participation of medical students in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program, but there is a correlation between attitudes toward the participation of medical students in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program.

Green economy, sustainability and implementation before, during, and after the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

The idea of a green economy benefits sustainable development goals, especially in Indonesia. An economy with low carbon emissions that is resource-efficient and socially inclusive is known as a “green economy”. This article is a compilation of research findings conducted by universities, non-governmental organisations, and governments in Indonesia and other countries. Study data on economic growth, green investment development, and green economic strategies were collected. The literature has paid greater attention to the green economy, increasing efforts and emphasis on sustainable development and climate change. However, researchers have not agreed on a definition of this phenomenon. The research presented in this article provides an overview of the development of green economy research from 1990 to 2023. Bibliometric analysis highlights development trends and the current state of the green economy. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of a sustainable green economy in Indonesia and provide direction and a solid conceptual framework for readers to conduct further research. This article also uses a qualitative systematic review methodology to discuss the green economy, progress in sustainability, and adjustments made in Indonesia during and after the COVID-19 epidemic. Other researchers and policymakers may find the research conceptual findings provided in this helpful article.

An Overview of the Increasing Ornamental Plant Business in Indonesia Post-COVID-19 Pandemic as a Result of Social Media and Its Future Perspective

The ornamental plant is one of the important horticultural commodities in Indonesia, but its development differs from that of other horticultural commodities, such as vegetable and fruit plants. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has been ongoing since early 2020, apart from having an impact on health, has also positively impacted the ornamental plant business in Indonesia. Home confinement caused certain physiological problems that could be solved by indoor gardening activity, leading to an increase in the demand for ornamental plants, especially for leafy ornamental plants. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the growth of the ornamental production business in Indonesia in terms of psychological needs and the power of social media. There was an increase in ornamental prices due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Consumer preferences and behaviors were also altered by the pandemic, as indicated by consumers’ new motivations, perceptions, learning, and belief systems regarding ornamental plants. The government has launched several strategies to gain domestic competitiveness and maintain its sustainability in the environment. Digital transformation has been applied by ornamental plant businesses in Indonesia. The digital marketing of ornamental plants relies on social media concepts such as entertainment, customization, interactions, electronic word of mouth (EWOM), and trendiness.

Sentiment Analysis of Telemedicine Applications on Twitter Using Lexicon-Based and Naive Bayes Classifier Methods

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, many people have turned to telemedicine programs as an alternative to minimize social interactions, opting for consultations from the safety of their homes using smartphones and internet connectivity. Given the necessity for physical distancing and avoiding crowded places, these applications have become indispensable substitutes for in-person medical consultations. Numerous apps facilitating access to healthcare services have been introduced in Indonesia, ranging from business startups to initiatives by the Ministry of Health. Telemedicine can potentially revolutionize healthcare in Indonesia, addressing critical health challenges. A significant issue within Indonesia's healthcare system is the scarcity of doctors and their uneven distribution. With only four doctors per 10,000 people, this figure falls far below the WHO guideline of 10 doctors per 1,000. Sentiment analysis of these applications was conducted to evaluate how telemedicine applications meet public needs and offer an alternative solution. Lexicon-based and naive Bayes methods were employed to classify tweet data into positive, neutral, and negative sentiments. The results revealed 908 positive tweets, 172 negative tweets, and 168 neutral tweets, indicating predominantly positive public perceptions of telemedicine applications. The naive Bayes classifier exhibited a 74% accuracy rate, with a precision of 98% and a recall of 86%. These findings underscore the positive impact and acceptance of telemedicine applications among the Indonesian populace, emphasizing their significance in augmenting the nation's healthcare landscape.

Government's Policies on the Prevention of COVID-19 Transmission Impacting Household Food Security in Indonesia

Household food security is an essential issue for a country and has become a national issue in poor and developing countries worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various problems could arise if household food-nutrition needs are not met. This study aims to explore factors related to household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. A systematic literature review that was used twelve articles. Three electronic databases (Google Scholar, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect) were used to find the articles between January 2020 to April 2023. The original articles were selected based on the PRISMA-P flowchart model. The results show the socio-demographic (sex of household’s head, age, education, literacy) and socio-economic (occupation, income, wealth, area of living) factors influencing household food security. Households having a male head of household, good literacy, and an adequate economy have a significant effect on having nutritious food security during COVID-19 pandemic. These findings recommend that the central government of Indonesia provide financial assistance to food-insecure households, improve access to food, and promote healthy food products