COVID-19 In Bangladesh Research Articles

CSR in Fighting against COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Lessons from Singapore

In recent years, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a prominent endeavour in numerous enterprises and organizations. The purpose of this article is to investigate the theoretical aspects of CSR's commercial significance, as well as to identify and analyse CSR practices during COVID-19 in Bangladesh and Singapore. Government funding alone may not be sufficient to offset any adversity's economic and other consequences. Hence, CSR has evolved. This article examines what role CSR played during the difficult COVID-19 pandemic in two countries. The private sector made significant contributions through CSR to healthcare infrastructure and mitigating the economic burden of COVID-19 in both countries.

Social Stigma and Suffering: Perceptions, Practices and Impacts around COVID-19 in Bangladesh

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has become a global concern due to the unprecedented catastrophe it has brought about. Social stigma around COVID-19 has become another concern in many areas. This study employs a qualitative approach in analyzing and discussing cultural perceptions and experiences of social stigma and suffering around COVID-19 in Bangladesh. This paper argues that socio-cultural and religious practices and various new metaphors in day-to-day linguistic usage around COVID-19 created and shaped social stigma with social suffering for the suspected, infected, associated, and even recovered individuals and groups. The findings show that stigmatization around COVID-19 takes place due to fear of infection, perceived loss of social status, discrimination in social life, and exclusion from standard health services, all of which need to be addressed in health and related policies in the future.

Coping Mechanisms and Quality of Life of Low-Income Households during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh

It is well known that uncertainty and various measures implemented by the government, such as lockdown, social distancing, and travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, severely impacted low-income households in Bangladesh. This situation forced them to put forward various mechanisms to cope with the devastating situation caused by the pandemic. This paper focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the quality of life (QoL) of low-income households, their survival coping mechanisms, and the impact of the coping mechanisms on their QoL. From 1 October 2021 to 30 December 2021, primary data from 1279 households were collected through online and offline surveys from different divisions of Bangladesh, and were used to analyze the income-generation, transfer, and cost-minimization practices adopted by the households during the pandemic. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 was utilized for data analysis. We employed multivariate and regression statistical techniques to achieve the study objectives. The investigation found that QoL declined significantly due to the COVID-19 crisis. The findings also confirmed that coping mechanisms adopted by households varied according to demographic characteristics, and the QoL deteriorated significantly more in those households that adopted more coping mechanisms relative to others, regardless of socio-demographic features. The findings emphasize the importance of recording grounded survey data to track and gather information on the QoL of low-income households during the pandemic, and of constructing evidence-based policy responses. Furthermore, the study contributes to enriching the existing literature on the impact of the corona pandemic, and can serve as a source for potential studies. This study contributes to a clearer picture of the effects of COVID-19 trauma. This survey-based empirical study provides an understanding of the initial micro-level effects of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. This study gives a synopsis of the extent to which Bangladeshi households adopted mechanisms to deal with the COVID-19 crisis and the effects of the adoption of these mechanisms on quality of life.

WASH, nutrition and health-seeking behavior during COVID-19 lockdowns: Evidence from rural Bangladesh.

A general lockdown to minimize to slow transmission of COVID-19 in Bangladesh came into effect on March 26th and lasted until May 30th. The lockdown had far-reaching economic implications for the population, with many facing economic hardship due to loss of income. Despite the attempt of the government to ease economic hardship by means of social safety net packages, people suffered from poor access to health services, and financial and food insecurity. This is likely to have disastrous consequences for the nutritional status of young children. This cross-sectional study measured the impact of the first general lockdown on food consumption of young children, access to water, handwashing and health seeking behavior, and the ability to maintain livelihood among households with children under the age of 5, in rural Bangladesh. The result of the analysis suggest that loss of income was reported by almost all respondents across all socio-economic groups. However, the poorest households were less likely to provide for sufficient food for their families and had to reduce consumption of food. Diet diversity and food intake-particularly animal protein sources-for young children were severely affected. On the other, increased awareness of handwashing and access to soap were also reported. The pandemic is likely to be detrimental to the nutritional status of children in Bangladesh and can exacerbate existing health inequities. Strong social safety net programs are needed to protect vulnerable populations to consequences of restrictive measures, supported in design and implementation by non-governmental organizations.

Impact of COVID-19 on SMEs of Bangladesh: How Well have they Coped with the Situation?

Like all other sectors of the economy, the halt in economic activities due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in Bangladesh has adversely affected SMEs. Despite constituting over 90 percent of business enterprises in the country, this sector has not grown enough due to a variety of reasons. Coupled with these, the pandemic has had a major effect on the operation of SMEs. Using a descriptive analysis method, this study tries to find the effect on enterprises, the way they have tried to cope with the situation, and the extent to which they have recovered from the phase. While the Government announced stimulus packages in different rounds, the study has found that commercial banks' perception and reluctant attitude towards small and medium entrepreneurs worked as the main reason behind enterprises' failure to receive the money. The study argues that the SME Foundation of Bangladesh needs to play a proactive role in minimizing the gap between the enterprises and banks, and a separate state-owned bank needs to be determined through further research and analysis.

Changes in loneliness prevalence and its associated factors among Bangladeshi older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Worldwide, loneliness is one of the most common psychological phenomena among older adults, adversely affecting their physical and mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess changes in the prevalence of loneliness in the two timeframes (first and second waves of COVID-19 in Bangladesh) and identify its correlates in pooled data. This repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on two successive occasions (October 2020 and September 2021), overlapping with the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The survey was conducted remotely through telephone interviews among 2077 (1032 in the 2020-survey and 1045 in the 2021-survey) older Bangladeshi adults aged 60 years and above. Loneliness was measured using the 3-item UCLA Loneliness scale. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with loneliness in pooled data. We found a decline in the loneliness prevalence among the participants in two survey rounds (51.5% in 2021 versus 45.7% in 2020; P = 0.008), corresponding to 33% lower odds in the 2021-survey (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54-0.84). Still, nearly half of the participants were found to be lonely in the latest survey. We also found that, compared to their respective counterparts, the odds of loneliness were significantly higher among the participants without a partner (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.20-2.08), with a monthly family income less than 5000 BDT (AOR 2.34, 95% CI 1.58-3.47), who lived alone (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.34-3.51), with poor memory or concentration (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.23-2.03), and suffering from non-communicable chronic conditions (AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23-1.95). Various COVID-19-related characteristics, such as concern about COVID-19 (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 0.94-1.73), overwhelm by COVID-19 (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.14-2.06), difficulty earning (AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.54-2.59), and receiving routine medical care during COVID-19 (AOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.61-2.68), and perception that the participants required additional care during the pandemic (AOR 2.93, 95% CI 2.27-3.79) were also associated with significantly higher odds of loneliness. However, the odds of loneliness were significantly lower among the participants with formal schooling (AOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57-0.89) and with a family of more than four members (AOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.96). The current study found a decreased prevalence of loneliness among Bangladeshi older adults during the ongoing pandemic. However, the prevalence is still very high. The findings suggest the need for mental health interventions that may include improving social interactions increasing opportunities for meaningful social connections with family and community members and providing psychosocial support to the vulnerable population including older adults during the pandemic. It also suggests that policymakers and public health practitioners should emphasise providing mental health services at the peripheral level where the majority of older adults reside.

Comparison of the SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test with Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19 in Bangladesh

Background: The authenticity and importance of RT-PCR testing cannot be overstated, for resource-limited settings like Bangladesh, especially in places where RT -PCR facilities are unavailable, rapid antigen testing could be an important supportive tool in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.
 Objective: The aim of this study was to compare rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test with RT-PCR for viral gene detection assay.
 Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed at National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center (NILMRC), Dhaka between March and April 2021. The nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained from COVID-19 suspected cases collected from NILMRC virology lab. RT-PCR testing was conducted by Novel Coronavirus Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Kit. Rapid antigen testing was conducted using Standard Q COVID-19 Ag test.
 Results: The median age was 35.2 years. Among the confirmed cases, 63.0% were male patients. A total of 68 samples came out as positive and 226 were negative using both methods. Additionally, four more positive cases were detected by the Rapid Antigen Testing method. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid antigen test was found to be 94.0% and 99.0% respectively.
 Conclusions: Rapid antigen test and rt-PCR showed almost similar sensitivity and specificity.
 Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, April 2022;9(Suppl_1): S24-S27

Combating Corruption during Covid-19 in Bangladesh: The Role of Community-Based Organizations

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed significant challenges for effective governance worldwide. There is a significant question raised about the distribution of aid and relief for lower-income groups. In many countries, both government and non-government organizations, as well as locally elected bodies, were directly and indirectly involved in widespread corruption. In Bangladesh, various types of community mobilisation were witnessed amid the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent corruption. Based on empirical evidence, this paper argues that the COVID-19 crisis brought about a re-emergence in the sense of community at a local level and worked as an alternative governance mechanism. It operated using different mechanisms and worked alongside the government to ensure accountability. We discovered that community bonding assisted in mitigating the crisis in government relief and health equipment distribution through a variety of mechanisms, such as informing government officials to identify corrupt syndicates, raising voice against corrupt practises against authorities, raising awareness on social media, and so on. It also indicates that the role of community-based organisations in resisting and preventing corruption will reflect the global phenomenon of corruption in many developing countries and will help to understand to what extent community-based organisations are effective in resisting corruption. Finally, we also found the flipside of community-based organization, meaning that corruption was conducted during COVID-19 in the name of community activism, which indicates the challenges of community activism in Bangladesh. ​

Stigma and its associated factors among patients with COVID-19 in Dhaka City: evidence from a cross-sectional investigation.

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant disease pandemic. Dhaka City alone has contributed about one-third to the total COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh. Globally, patients with infectious diseases, including COVID-19, experience stigma. There was no quantitative estimate of stigma experienced by patients with COVID-19 in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stigma and its associated factors among patients with COVID-19 in Dhaka.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 respondents aged 18 years or older who had been hospitalized or had stayed at home and were tested negative 15 days to 6 months before the day of data collection. Data collection was done through in-person and telephone interviews using a semi-structured survey questionnaire. A 15-item COVID-19-related stigma scale questionnaire was used to assess stigma. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of stigma.ResultsMore than half (53.1%) of the respondents experienced stigma when they were COVID-19 positive. Females were at a 3.24 times higher risk of experiencing stigma than their male counterparts. Respondents from the 60+ age group and 40–59 age group were 63.0% and 48.0% less likely to experience stigma than those from the 18–39 age group. Non-hospitalised patients had 1.67 times higher odds of facing stigma than those hospitalised.ConclusionsThis study reported a high prevalence of stigma among the patients with COVID-19 in Dhaka City. The current evidence base of stigma experience among patients with COVID-19 offers a solid foundation for creating effective strategies and policies and designing appropriate interventions to counter stigma, which will improve the psychological well-being of patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

In-person training on COVID-19 case management and infection prevention and control: Evaluation of healthcare professionals in Bangladesh.

As COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic, the major focus of healthcare organizations shifted towards preparing healthcare systems to handle the inevitable COVID-19 burden at different phases and levels. A series of in-person training programs were operated in collaboration with government and partner organizations for the healthcare workers (HCW) of Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of HCWs regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection, their case management, infection prevention and control to fight against the ongoing pandemic. As a part of the National Preparedness and Response Plan for COVID-19 in Bangladesh, the training program was conducted at four district-level hospitals and one specialized hospital in Bangladesh from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021. A total of 755 HCWs participated in the training sessions. Among them, 357 (47%) were enrolled for the evaluation upon completion of the data, collected from one district hospital (Feni) and one specialized hospital (National Institute of Mental Health). The mean percentage of pre-test and post-test scores of all the participants were found to be 57% (95% CI 8.34-8.91; p 0.01) and 65% (95% CI 9.56-10.15; p <0.001) respectively. The difference of score (mean) between the groups was significant (p<0.001). After categorizing participants' knowledge levels as poor, average and fair, doctors' group has shown to have significant enhancement from level of average to fair compared to that of the nurses. Factors associated with knowledge augmentation of doctors were working in primary health care centers (aOR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.80, 9.88), job experience less than 5 years (aOR: 4.10; 95% CI: 1.01, 16.63) and experience in caring of family member with COVID-19 morbidity (aOR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.03, 4.10), after adjusting for relevant covariates such as age, sex and prior COVID-19 illness. Considering the series of waves of COVID-19 pandemic with newer variants, the present paper underscores the importance of implementing the structured in-person training program on case management, infection prevention and control for the HCWs that may help for successful readiness prior to future pandemics that may further help to minimize the pandemic related fatal consequences.

Parents/primary caregivers’ perspectives on the well-being, and home-based learning of children with neurodevelopmental disorders during COVID-19 in Bangladesh

Background and Aims: The coronavirus pandemic (CP) leading to prolonged lockdown, and restriction of movement for almost two years in Bangladesh severely affected not only the well-being (physical and mental health) of both children and adults but also their access to home-based learning. The present study aimed to explore the mental, and physical health problems of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), their use of telehealth services, and the status of their home-based learning by asking questions to their parents/primary caregivers (N = 149) during the second year of lockdown (November and December 2021). Methodology: The present study was a cross-sectional self-reported survey covering as many parents/primary caregivers as possible within Bangladesh. The survey questions were selected from a larger study by Masi et al. named ‘COVID-19 impact survey’ with permission. A total of 149 parents/primary caregivers with one or more children (mean age = 5.54) having any of the NDDs took part in the survey. Data were collected via physical sitting, telephone interview, and anonymous Google form. Results: Almost one-third of parents/caregivers felt that the NDD symptoms of their children were worsening with time, and half of them reported that their children’s health and well-being were negatively impacted. More than 90% of the caregivers felt that their children are facing challenges following the rules of social distancing. Whereas more than 80% of parents agreed that their children’s learning was disrupted during covid-19, and they were not getting enough online/offline support from the authorities. Conclusions: The outcome of this study suggested that CP had a significant impact on the wellbeing and home-based learning of children with NDDs and their families in Bangladesh. Most of the caregivers reported that the NDDs symptoms of their children are worsening with disrupted routine, facing problems following social distancing and maintaining fruitful relationships. In terms of home-based learning, most caregivers reported insufficient support from school authorities. The parents recommended the development of an adequate system for telehealth services and policies to help the vulnerable individuals in the future.

Framing economic crisis: Newspaper coverage during COVID-19 in Bangladesh

This study examines how Bangladeshi media frame the economic uncertainty of coronavirus (COVID-19) to understand the absolute scenario of an economic crisis or a disaster through the dominant frames. When keeping people constantly informed through the message of the media, the most important matter is not what is portrayed, but how it is portrayed. Using the content analysis approach, the author intends to analyze a total of 296 editorials and op-ed items in The Prothom Alo, The Daily Star, and The Financial Express from March 26 to August 3, 2020. Using the ‘Media framing theory’, six major frames are used to analyze the data. This article finds out that ‘crisis’ and ‘fear’ frames dominated the media coverage of the pandemic. Based on the linguistic analysis, this paper also finds that the economic issues of COVID-19 have been over-focused, in some cases the newspapers sidelined the focus from ‘health crisis’ to ‘national economic crisis’. The language of the coverage of economic contents combines hope, human issues, frustration, and social responsibility at varied proportions. The article suggests that the media could mitigate the crisis by not politicizing the economic issues; rather the journalists should focus on highlighting the solution to surpass the economic crisis and help the authority to implement proper policies for keeping the country’s economic conditions safe.

A Qualitative Assessment of the Essential Health and Nutrition Service Delivery in the Context of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: The Perspective of Divisional Directors.

Bangladesh suffered disruptions in the utilization of essential health and nutrition services (EHNS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The magnitude of the pandemic has been documented, but little is known from the perspectives of health administrators. A rapid qualitative assessment of division-level capacity identified successes and bottlenecks in providing EHNS- and COVID-19-related services during the first months of the pandemic in Bangladesh. Semi-structured interviews were held with the Health and Family Planning Divisional Directors of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The Primary Health Care System Framework guided the content analysis, focusing on (i) service delivery, (ii) communication and community outreach, and (iii) surveillance and service monitoring. Our findings identified low care seeking due to fears of getting infected and unawareness that EHNS were still available. Adaptations to telemedicine were highly heterogeneous between divisions, but collaboration with NGOs were fruitful in reinstating outreach activities. Guidelines were centered on COVID-19 information and less so on EHNS. The inflexibility of spending capacities at divisional and clinic levels hindered service provision. Misinformation and information voids were difficult to handle all around the country. Community health workers were useful for outreach communication. EHNS must be guaranteed during sanitary emergencies, and Bangladesh presented with both significant efforts and areas of opportunity for improvement.

Pandemic Portraits—An Intersectional Analysis of the Experiences of People with Disabilities and Caregivers during COVID-19 in Bangladesh and Liberia

COVID-19 significantly affected people with disabilities, with many facing additional barriers in access to services and increased risks of poor health and social outcomes. Focusing on the impact of COVID-19 in the Global South, this study took place in Bangladesh and Liberia, where 14% and 16% of the population are thought to live with disabilities. However, there is minimal research on the needs and experiences of this population group and how these are shaped by intersecting axes of inequity. Furthermore, disabled people are often excluded from being actively involved in research. To address these evidence gaps, we used the creative participatory method of photovoice remotely to document experiences of COVID-19 through the lens of people with physical and psychosocial disabilities and their caregivers as co-researchers. The findings present themes relating to inaccessibility, social connection, hopes and fears. The nexus between disability and poverty was exacerbated for many in both settings, while psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 included increased stigmatisation and isolation. However, themes of faith, support and adaptability were also highlighted in stories of community care, nature and healing. Photovoice, through imagery and storytelling, was a powerful tool in prioritising the voices of disabled people, adding to an evidence base to inform inclusive pandemic responses.

A Fractional Order Model to Study the Effectiveness of Government Measures and Public Behaviours in COVID-19 Pandemic

In this work, we emphasise the dynamical study of spreading COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Considering the uncertainty caused by the limited coronavirus (COVID-19) information, we have taken the modified Susceptible-Asymptomatic-Infectious-Hospitalised-Recovered (SAIHR) compartmental model in a Caputo fractional order system. We have also introduced public behavioural and government policy dynamics in our model. The dynamical nature of the solutions of the system is analysed and we have also calculated the sensitivity index of different parameters. It has been observed that public behaviour and government measures play an important role in controlling the pandemic situation. The government measures (social distance, vaccination, hospitalisation, awareness programme) are more helpful than only public responses to the eradication of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Factors influencing green hotel revisit intentions after the COVID-19 in Bangladesh

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the factors influencing customers’ revisit intentions of green hotels after the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on the existing literatures and interviews of 404 respondents visiting hotels after the pandemic. The partial least square structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings show that green attitude, green personality and personal norms significantly influence post-COVID-19 green hotel revisit intentions.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study may be useful to hotel operators in formulating focused business strategies improving customers’ green hotel revisit intentions and coping with the new normal business environment of the hospitality industry.Originality/valueThe study presents a unique case highlighting how the hospitality business is changing after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study provides important insights for industry operators by integrating attitudes, personality and norms of the customers in examining the green hotels revisit intentions.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students during COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A cross sectional study

Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak has become a challenging crisis for public health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the indefinite closure of educational institutions in Bangladesh has a severe impact on the mental health of students. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that might have considerable influence on the mental health of students during quarantine in Bangladesh though they did not explore in previous studies on mental health status during the pandemic. Methodology: A standardized questionnaire was generated using PH9 and GAD7 to measure depression and anxiety levels. A total of 203 responses were collected from university students of Bangladesh through social media. Results: Descriptive statistics found that 37% of the students experienced moderate to severe anxiety while 54% faced moderate to severe depression. Ordinal Logistic Regression analysis found that anxiety is significantly related to gender, students’ current affiliation status in university (e.g., sophomore, masters), and time spent on watching TV while depression was related to family member’s contact with Covid-19, performing multiple activities as hobbies, and spending time in reading and writing. Conclusions: This study adds valuable findings in the existing literature, and it will help Students, university authorities, and government can take productive steps to tackle mental health issues

Due To the Covid-19 Situation, the Death Rate in Bangladesh Has Decreased From July-December 2021

COVID-19 is the extreme smash of the present-day century that emaciated fitness, financial system, and ordinary life. This research assessed the condition and relation of tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths of SARS-CoV-2 from July to December 2021. The research plan was carried out from July 1 to December 31, 2021 (N=184 days) to state the position of Bangladesh towards widespread COVID-19. The total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths from July to December 2021 was 4850322, 672707, 732460, and 13577, respectively. The maximum COVID-19 tests were performed at 55284.00 while the lowest was 11486.00 from July to December 2021. The maximum COVID-19 infestations were performed at 16230.00 while the lowest was 122.00 from July to December 2021. The maximum COVID-19 recovered was 16627.00 while the lowest was 122.00 from July to December 2021. The maximum COVID-19 death was 264.00 while the lowest was 0 from July to December 2021. In the 0.01 level of the two-tailed Spearman, the relationship was positive to moderate to strong, and the total number was n=184. The mean Spearman correlation for tests was 0.823 (range 0.861to 0.758), for infested was 0.91 (range 0.948 to 0.861), for recovered was 0.90 (range 0.948 to 0.822), for death was 0.87 (range 0.929 to 0.785). This research additionally showed a moderate to the strong relationship between tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has spread out unexpectedly to 64 districts in Bangladesh. The persevering with the occurrence of COVID-19 infections has emphasized the significance of the short and accurate and advanced 118 laboratory diagnoses to restriction it unfolds. It is safer now because the vaccine controlled the infestation and death rate of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

Comorbidities, infections and mortalities of COVID-19 in Bangladesh in the course of January-May 2022

Background: COVID-19 is the extreme smash of the present-day century that emaciated fitness, financial system, and ordinary life. Objectives: This research assessed the condition and relation of tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths of SARS-CoV-2 from January to May 30, 2022. Methods: The research plan was carried out from January 1 to May 31, 2022 (n = 151 days) to state the position of Bangladesh towards widespread COVID-19. The facts in this study became acquired from extraordinary government groups. Results: The total cases, infections, recoveries, and deaths were 2633750, 367208, 357309, and 1053, respectively, during the study period. In January 2022, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 987194, 213294, 19112, and 315, respectively. In February 2022, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 922657, 143744, 250422, and 643, respectively. In March 2022, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 353555, 5810, 49727, and 63, respectively. In April 2022, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 152691, 977, 12490, and 7, respectively. In May 2022, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 127950, 1016, 6166, and 4, respectively. The maximum and the minimum number of COVID-19 tests were 49492 and 1653 on January 25 and May 4, respectively. The maximum and the minimum number of COVID-19 infestations were 16033 and 1653 on January 22 and May 5, respectively. The maximum and minimum number of COVID-19 recovered were 13853 and 1653 on February 13 and May 9, respectively. The maximum and the minimum number of COVID-19 death was 43 and 0 on February 8 and in several days in 2022, respectively. In the 0.01 level of the two-tailed Spearman, the relationship was positive to moderate to strong relationships and the total number was n=151. The mean Spearman correlation for tests was 0.83 (range 0.973 to 0.633), for infested was 0.81 (range 0.579 to 0.973), for recovered was 0.61 (range 0.633 to 0.618), for death was 0.81 (range 0.553876 to 0.618). This research additionally showed a moderate to strong relationship between tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: COVID-19 has spread out unexpectedly to 64 districts in Bangladesh. The persevering with the occurrence of COVID-19 infections has emphasized the significance of the short and accurate and advanced 118 laboratory diagnoses to restriction it unfolds. In this situation, human beings must keep away from public gatherings as plenty as possible and pass return home as speedy as possible after finishing work in a public place. It is safer now because the vaccine controlled the infestation and death rate of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

Teenager’s Mental Health Status During COVID-19 in Bangladesh

The outbreak of COVID-19 might not have a homogeneous dispersion of its own adverse consequences. Adolescents in the least developed country including Bangladesh who are already underprivileged or fragile predicted to suffer substantial damage and mental health disorders during COVID-19. Adolescents and their families might suffer significantly from a variety of mental health pressures like mood disorders, anxiety, stress, loneliness, depression, and suicidal tendency for children. A systemic literature review throughout PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline was done to evaluate the research, which covered the years between 2020 and 2022. This manuscript emphasizes how COVID-19 harms children’s mental health. Finally, suggestions for parental care, and mental health care for young children are given. Future studies will concentrate on how well age-appropriate, evidence-based mental health services work.