Libraries are actively involved in the processes of achieving the goals of state cultural policy, especially their role increases in the period of information confrontation, distortion of historical truth in modern political conditions, in countering the rehabilitation of Nazism. The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945. The Russian State Library carefully preserves the memory of the heroes’ brave deeds, reveals the pages of military history, makes available objective sources about the Great Patriotic War, promotes the historical truth about the tragic events of wartime. The purpose of the article is to highlight the activities of the Russian State Library in this direction. Various projects of the Russian State Library are aimed at the formation of patriotism, a sense of pride in the history of Russia and understanding of the processes that are currently taking place during the special military operation.Events timed to the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War are presented. On April 22—24, 2025 the International Research and Practical Conference “Rumyantsev Readings — 2025” was held, one of its key topics was “Libraries and Preservation of Historical Memory. To the 80th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War”. Within the framework of the conference a special session of libraries of the CIS countries “Pages of the Feat of Peoples” was organized. On May 14—15, 2025, the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Preserving Historical Memory of the Great Patriotic War: The Role of Libraries” was held. Other scientific events are also held: lectures, film screenings, etc.The following exhibition projects of the Russian State Library are presented in the form of an overview: “History of the Great Patriotic War in the Book Memory of Russia: To the 80th Anniversary of Victory”, “Territory of Memory and Glory of Women’s Feat”, “On the Way to the Great Victory: Legislation of the Great Patriotic War Period”, “Maps of Victory”, “Symbols of War and Victory: Visual Art Publications of the Great Patriotic War”, “Living Memory of Generations” and others.For the anniversary of the Great Victory the publishing house of the Russian State Library “Pashkov Dom” prepared and published the books: “Pages of Victory: Leninka in 1941—1945: Chronicle. Documents. Memories”, “Saur-Mogila: From Legend to Feat”, “The Songs Brought About by War and Victory: From the Collections of the Russian State Library”, the second edition of L.I. Fursenko’s index of literature “Publishing, Librarianship and Bibliography During the Great Patriotic War (1941—1945)” and others. A special section “Library of Victory” has been opened in the National Electronic Library, which contains collections of books, periodicals and documents about the Great Patriotic War.The various projects of the Russian State Library reveal rare archival and printed materials, give an opportunity to better understand and evaluate the contribution of our country’s citizens to the Victory, the scale and consequences of the war that changed the course of world history.

Throughout the course of history, swordsmanship has always held a significant position in the development of Chinese martial arts, and Chinese swordsmanship culture is a representative of China’s outstanding martial arts culture. In today’s social development, many excellent cultures are on the verge of extinction. Chinese swordsmanship culture is an outstanding traditional culture, so it cannot be allowed to “drift away”. It is necessary to conduct systematic research on its inheritance and dissemination. This study systematically analyzes and studies it through research methods such as literature review, historical research, and logical induction, and ultimately reaches two research conclusions.

Historical musical instrument studies, particularly when framed as organology, have tended to focus on the physical specifics of individual instruments. This article starts from a position in which musical instruments are thought of as a nexus of information: of history of course, of materials certainly, but most of all of ideas. In addition to providing new types of material evidence, digital technologies afford new opportunities for gathering, representing, and interpreting information that might have a considerable impact on our understanding of historical data. Contemporary technologies of modeling and data comparison afford approaches to the interpretation of, for example, the output and goals of a particular workshop, maker, or city that suggest that the study of multiple instruments may be instructive and valuable. Working from a larger data set potentially allows for both greater accuracy and greater subtlety of interpretation. This article will examine both the broad implications of such methodological change and the practical ramifications of learning from modeling multiple instruments.

The cult of Our Lady has developed in the Catholic Church over the centuries, including practices such as the Rosary and liturgical feasts in her honor. In the city of Santa Maria (RS), devotion to Our Lady Mediatrix of All Graces emerged in 1928, represented by an image that persists as a symbol of faith. This study aims to better understand the context that formed this devotion, recognized as one of the main cultural heritages of Santa Maria, both material and immaterial. In this context, the Mediatrix Memorial stands out, organized in 2007, next to the Mediatrix Basilica Sanctuary, to honor Frater Ignácio Rafael Valle, an important promoter of Marian devotion. The Memorial houses vestments of the priest, personal objects, and liturgical books. Due to exposure to agents of degradation and dirt, they faced a fragile conservation. In 2022, an extension project between the Sanctuary and the Franciscan University (UFN), both in Santa Maria (RS), initiated cleaning, cataloguing, and storing the collection, with the support of scholarship holders from the History Course (UFN), who worked on the documentation, cleaning, conservation, and storage of the pieces. The research, based on bibliographic references and direct analysis of the artifacts, revealed the importance of the Memorial Mediatrix in preserving the identity and memory of Santa Maria (RS). This study proposes that cultural heritage is essential to guarantee the continuity of memories and social identities, addressing the concepts and heritage management bodies in Brazil, with a special focus on the aforementioned city.

There is a close connection between high school history and excellent traditional Chinese culture. By infiltrating traditional culture, the quality of history courses can be enhanced, the growth needs of students can be met, and good teaching results can be achieved. From the perspective of high school history, this paper analyzes the value of integrating excellent traditional Chinese culture into high school history teaching and proposes specific practical strategies. The aim is to stimulate students’ enthusiasm for learning knowledge, cultivate their traditional culture-related abilities, ensure their healthy development, and provide references for optimizing high school history teaching.

Global student mobility and universities’ commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion require shifts in teaching practices. This qualitative study in the United States Midwest context examines instructor learning in an innovative faculty development program consisting of professional development sessions, language and content-specialist co-teaching, and experience with dedicated multilingual international student course sections. Instructors participated in faculty development sessions in the summer and then co-taught dedicated course sections with experienced English language instructors. Investigators conducted document review, interviews, and class observations to gauge learning. The four instructors of first year visual arts, philosophy, religions studies, and history courses for multilingual international students all made changes to their materials and assessments, but uptake of new instructional practices was less even. Participants and investigators recognized that the combined influence of all three components of the faculty development program together drove learning. Implications for faculty development, administrative support, and course composition are discussed.

Background. The world of the present is quite complex and contradictory, having become transparent and fragile. The society described with the prefix «post» has exacerbated the problem of the essence of man, putting on the agenda the question of the posthuman in the projection of the «improvement» of man by technological know-how. In socio-philosophical discourse, the concept of the posthuman, with all its multivariate readings, brings to the fore the theme of the preservation of man and humanity as a whole. Homo sapiens, caught in the networks of a global techno-project to create an artificial world / intelligence / body, thinks about the limits of its boundlessness and the search for humanity, which is impossible to understand the meaning of human life. The eternal debate about the true nature of the meaning of life continues through the ages. Thinkers from different schools and different eras offer their explanations of this issue. The radical among them reject the very idea of the significance of the meaning of life, while others, on the contrary, recognize it, but insist on the negative side, while others associate it with positive aspects. However, the central task of each person remains the multifaceted development of himself as a person. This, in turn, ensures a person's contribution to the social and historical course of events, designating it as a personal vocation and life goal. Existential thinking provides an opportunity to re-evaluate a social phenomenon as something metaphysical and holistic, reading it through the prism of social action. Here, the idea of social realization as a significant act is embedded in the understanding of the phenomenon. The purpose is to analyze the existential status of the meaning of human life. Materials and methods. In the process of studying the existential status of human meaning, various methodological approaches and methods were used. These include a dialectical-materialistic research strategy, anthropological and sociocultural approaches, a naturalistic method, as well as transcendental and mixed techniques. Moreover, the system-analytical approach was used along with activity-based and axiological methods. Existential analysis also played an important role. Results. The desire to explore and realize the meaning of one's existence is inherent in every human being and originally inherent only to him. This serves as a driving force for both personal growth and behavioral change. The individual meaning of life, which brings the highest form of self-realization into a person's being, depends on the unique circumstances of his historical time and specific personality characteristics. The self-development of a collective person and, as a result, of the whole society is conditioned by the acquisition of positive meaning, aimed at the values of goodness, truth and beauty. The acquisition of the meaning of life becomes possible only when a person finds himself a part of certain conditions, and his personal being allows him to adequately comprehend the prospects of activity in these circumstances. Outside of the context of specific situations, semantic content is defined as absent from individual consciousness.

The Qajar dynasty (1789-1925) witnessed major changes in social, political, and economic fields. In the social dimension, cultural awakening and the emergence of new classes through the establishment of schools and the growth of the press led to fundamental changes in society. These changes paved the way for the social and political awareness of the people. Politically, the weakness of the central government and the inability to confront internal and external pressures accelerated the emergence of constitutionalist movements. Also, in the economic dimension, dependence on foreign powers and the lack of management of domestic resources exacerbated economic crises. These developments not only affected the fate of the Qajar dynasty but also shaped the course of contemporary Iranian history. This research aims to examine the socio-political and economic developments in the Qajar government with an analytical perspective. Therefore, it seeks to answer these questions: 1- What factors led to the emergence of social developments in the Qajar period? 2- How did the weakness of the Qajar government affect the emergence of political movements? The research findings indicate that the increase in the level of education and social awareness in the Qajar period led to the formation of social and political movements. Economic dependence on foreign powers in the Qajar period weakened the country's political and economic independence.

A crucial component of education, particularly in madrasahs, is fostering political spirit. By using the paradigm, this study seeks to characterize democratic character education. Class XI MA Matholi'ul Anwar's Islamic Cultural History (SKI) course uses concept mapping as the foundation for cooperative learning.This study employs a descriptive design, an instrumental case study type, and a qualitative methodology. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation were used to gather data from 30 students who were purposefully chosen as subjects and SKI teachers. The study's findings demonstrated that using this strategy produced participative, cooperative, and active learning. The attitudes of tolerance, consideration, accountability, and respect for one another all increased among the students. Therefore, the Concept Mapping-based Cooperative Learning paradigm works well in. Thus, the model Cooperative Learning based on Concept Mapping is effective in forming students' democratic character through meaningful and enjoyable learning.

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to analyze the content and structure of the image of history in the mythological picture of the world. In this research context, the problem of the meaning of history, occupies a special place. The novelty of the proposed solution to this problem is an attempt to combine its transcendental and immanent understanding using the example of a mythological worldview.Materials and methods. The material of the work was the images and plots of classical ancient mythology, as well, as the works of domestic mythologists devoted to the typological features of the myth. The article presents «Rose of the World» by Daniil Andreev as a picture of myth-like version of the image of history. The paper uses methods of system and structural-functional analysis, modeling, reconstruction, idealization, comparison and description, corresponding to the features of the subject of research.Results. The article highlights and analyzes three thematic blocks: the course of history in mythological plots about the past of mankind; mythological image of historical time and the principle of causality; the personal and extra personal basis of the mythological image of history. Based on the results of the analysis the following conclusions were made. Firstly, mythological representations of the «early times» are preserved only in the form of works corresponding to the culture of their era. Secondly, myths about the past of mankind serve the function of explaining the meaning of the order established in the world. Thirdly, one of the essential aspects of the image of history in the mythological picture of the world is the difference between empirical and mythological time. Fourth, the concept of objective law in the mythological worldview is replaced by a causal hierarchy of personalized forces and finite events. Fifth, the personal identity of the myth is both historical and anti-historical.Discussion and conclusions. The image of the past found in the reconstructions of the mythological picture of the world has a dual ‒ both historical and anti-historical essence, and therefore contains the ideological potential for a new ‒ religious and philosophical understanding of the meaning of history, in which there will be not only an appeal to the sacred past, but also a profane modernity and an aspiration for the future. Thus, the unity of the real and unreal, immanent and transcendent in mythological descriptions of the past helps to better understand the nature of dualism of objective and subjective history.

This paper examines a relatively overlooked aspect of the post-socialist demographic transition in Hungary: the socioeconomic changes and segregation processes occurring in the outskirts of urban areas. Outskirts primarily consist of transport infrastructure, agricultural land, and natural spaces and are regulated differently from inner urban areas, which encompass the majority of the urban fabric. However, certain specialised outskirts have become permanently inhabited over the course of history. On the edges of developing urban centres, these inhabited outskirts, which are characterised by a unique mix of amenities and detriments and missing services as well, became a destination for a diverse range of immigrants. Through field research and semi-structured interviews conducted in four Hungarian agglomerations, this study explores the social changes and emerging patterns of segregation in this distinctive part of the rural-urban fringe. The findings point to an erosion of social capital, increasing spatial differentiation, and segregation. The paper also points out that while many interviewees conflated deprivation with ethnicity, this perception is not supported by other evidence.

In 2025, the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War and the 80th anniversary of the victorious end of World War II are celebrated. For all mankind, these are fateful dates that largely determined the further course of world history. On this date, a series of patriotic events is held at the North Ossetian State Medical Academy, including the all-Russian, with international participation, scientific and practical conference “Ossetian Doctors at the Front and in the Rear”, the purpose of which is to preserve the memory of the Great Feat of the Soviet people and, in particular, medical workers - participants in the Great Patriotic War. Issues of great educational importance in the system of higher and secondary medical education are discussed, and NOSMA, together with the North Ossetian branch of the All-Russian Historical Society and the North Ossetian branch of the Military Historical Society, has become an intellectual platform that unites the scientific community in order to discuss the problems of the history of national medicine, measures to counter the falsification of history and preserve the memory of the events of the bloodiest war in history Humanity. All this is relevant in modern political conditions, when in the international arena, and even by some domestic authors, the tendencies of the so-called “memorial war” - not only monuments to the dead are destroyed, but also the very memory of the events and results of the Second World War, in which the Great Patriotic War is of decisive importance, is desecrated. The authors, based on the analysis of historical sources and bibliography, focus on the history of the participation of medical workers of Ossetia-Alania in the Great Patriotic War. The analysis of this historical problem is also of great educational importance in the system of modern medical education, education of readiness to serve the Motherland in the chosen labor field of a doctor. The materials of the work can be used in the methodology of teaching national history and the implementation of educational work.

Goal: Is to analyze the possibilities of incorporating the achievements of gender history into school courses on the history of Ukraine, which will help students to form an understanding of the gender dimension of historical processes and social reality, and provide skills of critical and systematic analysis of historical phenomena and events. Methodology The application of general scientific principles of analysis and synthesis is combined with the methods of gender analysis, which is based on the denial of the androcentricity of scientific discourse as universal, recognizing the multiplicity and variability of the impact of historical events, phenomena and processes on men and women. The scientific novelty of the study is to determine the impact of the scientific achievements of gender history researchers on the school history course, ways to apply the work of domestic scholars to develop students' skills of critical understanding of social processes in the past. It has been established that educational texts, although they contain coverage of certain issues of gender history, do not allow tracing the continuity and mechanisms of reproduction of gender inequality, only partially represent women's experience, and form sporadic and non-systematic knowledge of the mechanisms of social stratification and the impact of women on the development of society. In the context of building a civil society, it is important to develop in students an awareness of equal rights and opportunities for all citizens, respect for their rights, recognition of the rule of law and gender equality through the understanding of history. The textbook, which contains such a component as the gender dimension of historical processes and phenomena, helps to critically comprehend historical processes and develops skills in analyzing the present. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the coverage of gender history issues in high school history textbooks, it was found that gender issues are gradually finding their place in school history. Women's experience is represented in educational texts through the inclusion of oral memories of historical events by women, and female figures are represented by biographies of famous cultural figures and widely used visual sources. Some textbooks contain excerpts from the works of scholars working in gender history, bringing in a professional perspective on certain issues, or contain certain definitions that give a theoretical character to the phenomena or processes under analysis. However, references to women are rather fragmented, and the idea of women as a separate social group is not systematic. The use of women's biographies or personal sources is often not accompanied by tasks to develop critical thinking and identify the root causes of gender inequality.

The science of religious education is defined as the search for a meaningful way for the scientific and pedagogical teaching of religion. In other words, the science of religious education is also defined as the process of individuals learning/teaching their religion. The science of religious education is related to both religion and education, but it is an independent branch of science. The Department of Religious Education was established in Türkiye in 1980. Since its establishment, some studies have been conducted in the department of religious education. Some of these studies are related to the nature of the science of religious education. In this context, the aim of our study is to evaluate the books that address the nature of the science of religious education in Türkiye. The books in question are important in terms of revealing the nature of the science of religious education, which is a young discipline. Because one of the most important tasks of a young branch of science is to reveal its own nature. In this context, the main question of our research is related to the science of religious education in Türkiye reaching the scientific foundations that will make it unique. In line with the said purpose, a content analysis of the books published in Türkiye on the nature of the science of religious education was conducted. In this way, the historical course of the scientificization of religious education was tried to be determined. In addition, the tendency of books addressing the nature of religious education science was also tried to be determined. In our study, the qualitative research method was adopted. Accordingly, data were collected using the document analysis technique and analyzed using the content analysis technique.. A literature review was conducted regarding the nature of religious education science in Türkiye. In line with the method determined in the research, books addressing the nature of religious education science from the establishment of the Department of Religious Education in Türkiye to the present were determined. The books in question were read systematically.

The novelty of the study. Due to Russia’s genocidal war aimed at the destruction of Ukraine in the 21st century, the factors shaping national identity have become of paramount importance. The aim of the article. This study identifies, analyses, and contextualises the latest alternative history novels, such as «The Third Tercium» (2019) and «Reprints of the Unfinished Drafts» (2020) by Oleksandr Menshov. These works provide a comprehensive perspective on the ideological and informational struggle of Ukrainians, who found themselves within an enemy state. They also reveal the mechanisms Russia employs to erase Ukraine physically, culturally, and informationally. Methodology. The main method of the research id comparative analysis. Conclusions. Alternative history serves as a productive metaphor, offering insight into the potential course of 20th-century European history – and the early 21st century – had Russia suffered defeat in its imperial ambitions, particularly in World War II. Such historical deconstructions are explored in Vasyl Kozhelyanko’s «Parade» trilogy: «Parade in Moscow», «Konotop», and «The Lord’s Human Zoo». These works illustrate how substituting patriotism, nationalism, and human- centrism with Moscow- centric cosmopolitanism, pacifism, and collectivism has historically reshaped ideologies. Ukrainian literature, especially classical works, preserves examples that lend themselves to alternative historical narratives. Oleksandr Menshov, a contemporary Ukrainian writer from Kherson, remained in his hometown during both the onset of war in 2014 and the full-scale Russian invasion. As of 2023, he has not left. His works engage with the necessity of countering the enemy while constructing an intrinsic ideological and informational arsenal to resist genocide – both in the present and the future. They emphasize Ukraine’s reestablishment as a victorious nation within Europe and the world.On the global cultural stage, this discourse extends to debunking Russian historical and literary fakes, exposing its ideological manipulations, and dismantling the false narratives of what Mikhail Epstein terms the Russian antimythology. The primary goal of this study is to outline and critically examine fundamental imperial myths and ideological constructs that have infiltrated Ukrainian culture and literature for centuries. These narratives were designed to facilitate gradual expansion, instil a Little Russia complex, and erase Ukrainian national identity. Perspectives for future research. A crucial part of this conversation is addressing the falsification of history, particularly the misrepresentation of key historical figures and their roles. Equally important is highlighting examples of national self-representation that form the foundation of Ukraine’s cultural canon and drawing attention to the nation’s victories on Europe’s geopolitical map

The use of visual materials is an uncommon practice in art history teaching, including in Eastern Art History courses. Visual materials are believed to help students understand complex cultural and strengthen understanding of abstract concept. This study aims to analyze the cognitive visual learning theory that underlies the teaching practice of the course, especially in terms of the use of visual aids and lecture methods, and to examine its compatibility with visual and cognitive learning theories. This research used a participatory approach with descriptive qualitative methods. Data were collected through classroom observation, semi-structured interviews with students, and analysis of learning documents. Analysis was conducted using thematic matrix technique to identify patterns and themes from the data obtained. The results showed that visual and cognitive learning theories were used in learning. Visual aids such as pictures, slides, and videos help students understand the material more deeply and strengthen memory. Meanwhile, lectures provide a cognitive structure that supports information processing. Students stated that the combination of visual and verbal is very important in improving their understanding of Eastern Art History materials. This reseach confirm the importance of aligning practice and learning theory.

Abstract: Comparing Charles Dickens with the Victorian art critic John Ruskin, who both appreciated and condemned Dickens, reveals the philosophy of history Dickens exhibited throughout his career. While both viscerally condemned the alienating avarice of industrial society, Ruskin fundamentally saw what he viewed as the cohesion and sincerity of the medieval past as a model for revitalizing the present. Conversely, Dickens saw that past as irrelevant at best and oppressive at worst. Dickens viewed the course of history as tentative and erratic but gradually improving, and a major component of this meliorism derived from science. Unlike Ruskin, who viewed modern science as part of the disenchantment of industrial society, Dickens viewed science as a powerful, democratic tool of societal progress. Even in Hard Times , Ruskin’s favorite Dickens novel, Dickens still supports the scientific virtue of questioning pre-existing beliefs based on gathering empirical evidence.

The article examines the category of time in relation to theatrical art in its historical development and the change of stylistic eras. It is about the duration of the action, the volume of events depicted, and the understanding of time as a philosophical category. In the ancient era, myths suggested the perception of time as a resting duration. At the same time, the evolution of ancient Greek tragedy itself was associated with the process of formation of the concept of historical time, which fully manifested itself in the Renaissance in W. Shakespeare’s chronicles. On the stage of the 17th century, a classicist performance, the series of events of which covered one day, coexisted with mannerist and baroque, where a mixture of the real and the fantasy, the illusory and the actual immersed the action in a situation of elusive time bordering on eternity. In the 19th century, the desire to concentrate the action in time and space manifested itself again in the works of the new European drama. Moreover, if in the plays by H. Ibsen and A. Strindberg the movement of time is determined by the change of time of day, in the plays by A.P. Chekhov — by the change of seasons. The flow of time in them is irreversible, it moves in one direction only: from the past through the present to the future. With the appearance of H.G. Wells’s novel The Time Machine in 1895, a new idea of time in literature and art was born — it became a subjective category. The author illustrates this using the example of plays by F.G. Lorca, T. Wilder, J.B. Priestley, and E. O’Neill, in which time is condensed, concentrated, and easily runs forward and then returns back. A separate section of the article is devoted to the play by T. Stoppard Leopoldstadt, where the movement of the action determines the course of history itself, projected by the author onto his autobiography.

Abstract Research on transformative events shows that blatant acts of violence are often followed by moral shocks that raise such a sense of public outrage that formerly contention-averse audiences take to the streets. Yet, despite abundant research on moral shocks, backlash, and critical junctures, their interconnection remains unexplored. Studies of transformative events overwhelmingly concentrate on the properties of repression to explain backfire dynamics, while the affective and discursive features of events that alter the course of history are largely understudied. This special issue addresses this gap through a range of contributions that shift the focus of attention from the structural features of violent events to the competition over their meaning, their cultural and temporal situatedness, and the subjective and objective conditions of backlash protest.

The article explores the narrative complexities and temporal disruptions in the Twin Peaks franchise, focusing on Twin Peaks: The Return (2017), in contrast to the original series Twin Peaks (1990–91) and its prequel, the film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992). It examines how The Return reconfigures established knowledge structures within the universe by blurring the boundaries between its different dimensions and the events of its past, present and future. Berys Gaut’s notions of cinematic realism provide a framework for understanding the differences between The Return and its predecessors. Additionally, Jacques Derrida’s concept of the aporia, which refers to the point of the non-passage, is central to grasping the ontological and epistemological crises that arise. The discovery of Laura Palmer’s corpse functions the inciting incident of the early version’s narrative and the whole universe. The late series returns Dale Cooper to the past to save Laura Palmer, as his actions change the course of the Twin Peaks history. This transformative event shatters Twin Peaks and undermines its perception of time, producing another source and a double Twin Peaks history, as it performs a work of visual anamnesis. Therefore, Gilles Deleuze’s ideas of the crystal-image, the crystal-time and false narration, and Anat Zanger’s concept of tangled hierarchies, are employed to reconstruct logic and illustrate the presence of simultaneous temporalities in The Return .