Course Of Adaptation Research Articles

Sensorimotor Rehabilitation and Psychotherapeutic Techniques Effect on the Psychoemotional State in the Stroke Recovery Period

INTRODUCTION. Stroke is the leading cause of disability of the population. In addition to motor disorders, cognitive and affective disorders contribute to the development of disability. The development of effective neurorehabilitation programs aimed not only at reducing the severity of motor deficits, but also at timely correction of psychoemotional disorders in stroke patients is very relevant for restorative medicine. In view of the proven positive therapeutic effect of physical exercises on anxiety and depression, their protective effect on cognitive functions, it is of interest to study the effect of motor rehabilitation on psychoemotional disorders in stroke patients.
 AIM. To study the effect of sensorimotor rehabilitation on affective and cognitive disorders in patients in the recovery period of stroke in comparison with a complex psychotherapeutic technique.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study examined 2 groups of patients in the recovery period of ischemic stroke (up to 2 years) with the presence of anxiety and/or depressive disorders, comparable in gender, age, duration and focus of stroke localization, severity of neurological deficit. The 1st group — 24 patients — received a course of sensorimotor rehabilitation without targeted impact on affective disorders; the 2nd group — 25 patients — a course of complex medical and psychological adaptation lasting 18 days. The effectiveness of rehabilitation was assessed using validated scales and questionnaires (Rivermead Mobility Index, 6-point muscle strength assessment scale, modified Ashfort spasticity scale; Berg balance scales, Beck depression, Spielberger-Khanin anxiety, MMSE, MoCA; Schulte Table Methodology, SS-QOL Stroke Quality of Life Assessment Scale). Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v. 2.8.8 program (developed by Stattech LLC, Russia).
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The preliminary assessment carried out in both groups showed a twofold predominance of anxiety states over depressive ones, concomitant cognitive impairments were detected in 88 % of patients, among whom attention disorders were most often recorded (there was no intergroup difference in these indicators). After completing the course of both sensorimotor and medico-psychological rehabilitation, both groups showed a significant decrease in the level of situational and personal anxiety on the Spielberger-Khanin scale, positive dynamics on the MoСа scale, the SS-QOL questionnaire, while a significant decrease in the level of depression on the Beck scale was registered only in patients of the 2nd group on against the background of the use of specialized psychotherapeutic techniques.
 CONCLUSION. Motor rehabilitation is positively comparable with complex medical and psychological adaptation, it affects anxiety and cognitive functions in patients with ischemic stroke, it can be considered as one of the effective ways to correct anxiety states and prevent cognitive impairment in these patients, while in the treatment of depression the priority is should be given to specialized medical and psychological intervention.

The role of cognitive tourism in the course of socio-cultural adaptation of students

The role of cognitive tourism in the course of socio-cultural adaptation of students

Практичні аспекти нормотворчості щодо актів органів місцевого самоврядування на прикладі Польщі та України

Abstract. Today, international experience shows that one of the main subjects of rule-making activity in developed democratic countries is the Ministry of Justice, which, due to its professional orientation, deals daily with regulatory and legal acts of all levels and, through legal examination, reveals the shortcomings of draft acts, warns adoption of illegal norms, and also carries out a significant amount of legislative works. The Ministry of Justice of Ukraine plays an important role in the processes of rule-making in Ukraine. Decree of the President of Ukraine dated November 26, 2003 № 1348 "On improving the organization of legislative activity" since January 2006, the Ministry of Justice has been entrusted with the functions of the main drafter of all bills submitted by the President of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers for consideration by the Verkhovna Rada. However, in addition to the functions assigned to the Ministry of Justice, until 2023, the state authorities and local self-government bodies followed the methodological guidelines adopted by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine entitled "Methodical recommendations for the development of draft laws and compliance with the requirements of regulatory and project engineering". Under the requirements set before Ukraine, as a state that has fixed the course of European integration and adaptation of national legislation in accordance with EU law (EU acquis), forced to adopt the law of Ukraine "On rule-making activity" [1]. According to that, the technique of normative design is a set of technical and legal means, ways, techniques and methods, with the help of which a draft of a normative legal act is created. "For the first time in 32 years, Ukraine received a 'law about laws,'" - said the Speaker of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Ruslan Stefanchuk. Unlike Ukraine, in Poland in 2002 the Prime Minister of Poland adopted a sub-legal act, which until now regulates the requirements to regulations in this country.

Using Needs Analysis to Foster Sustainability of Business English Courses: A Case Study of a University in the South of Chile

The purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth needs analysis in order to create a sustainable business English course. Drawing critical insights from the development and implementation of a sustainable curriculum, a mixed-methods approach was carried out that involved data collected via a structured questionnaire administered to 117 university students of business administration and accounting. The findings indicated that a substantial majority of respondents perceived their level of English language proficiency to be low, with merely 25% evaluating their English skills as either “good” or “excellent”. Several language skills such as speaking, listening, and writing were recognized as communicative needs for effective business communication and studies, with over 86% interested in registering for the course. Regarding pedagogical needs, the emergence of preferences for face-to-face teaching, making the course mandatory, varying perspectives regarding the frequency and duration of courses, and inclination towards small group learning were established. For the sustainability of the business English course, this study suggests an integrated, responsive, and adaptive course that emphasizes interactive learning and curriculum alignment with global business trends.

HEALTH STATUS OF NEWBORN CHILDREN FROM MOTHERS WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE EARLY NEONATAL PERIOD

Gestational diabetes mellitus is closely associated with the risk of obstetric and neonatal complications, which may be due to higher birth weight in the child, and is also increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases in expectant mothers and their children. An increase in the number of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth, and also has an adverse effect on the physical development of the fetus, and may also adversely affect the course of early adaptation. The object of the study are newborns from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. The study includes an analysis of the developmental histories of 70 newborns from mothers with GDM, who were under observation in the Perinatal Center of the city of Voronezh. Most children from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus have normal indicators of physical development, which can be explained by the improvement and change in approaches to the diagnosis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders during pregnancy and the effectiveness of the therapy during pregnancy.

Within-Host Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens in Acute and Chronic Infection.

Bacterial pathogens undergo remarkable adaptive change in response to the selective forces they encounter during host colonization and infection. Studies performed over the past few decades have demonstrated that many general evolutionary processes can be discerned during the course of host adaptation, including genetic diversification of lineages, clonal succession events, convergent evolution, and balanced fitness trade-offs. In some cases, elevated mutation rates resulting from mismatch repair or proofreading deficiencies accelerate evolution, and active mobile genetic elements or phages may facilitate genome plasticity. The host immune response provides another critical component of the fitness landscapes guiding adaptation, and selection operating on pathogens at this level may lead to immune evasion and the establishment of chronic infection. This review summarizes recent advances in this field, with a special focus on different forms of bacterial genome plasticity in the context of infection, and considers clinical consequences of adaptive changes for the host.

Hygienic assessment of the peculiarities of the processes of formation of psychophysiological functions and the regularity of the course of psychophysiological adaptation of students at the stage of acquiring professional competences in sci. disciplines

Hygienic assessment of the peculiarities of the processes of formation of psychophysiological functions and the regularity of the course of psychophysiological adaptation of students at the stage of acquiring professional competences in general scientific (fundamental) disciplines
 
 Annotation. An important component of scientific research aimed at the hygienic characterization of the processes of professional adaptation is an in-depth analysis of the features of the formation and development of psychophysiological and physical correlates of the functional state of the organism of young women and young men in natural conditions of being in a higher education institution. The aim of the work was to carry out a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the peculiarities of the processes of formation of psychophysiological functions and to establish the regularities of the course of psychophysiological adaptation of students at the stage of acquiring professional competences from general scientific (fundamental) disciplines. The scientific study involved the study of the peculiarities of the formation of criterial professionally significant psychophysiological functions by conducting cross-sections in the middle of each of the academic years, related to the acquisition of professional competences from general scientific (fundamental) disciplines. 3 comparison groups were formed, which included 192 students of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of the Faculty of Medicine. The characteristics of the processes of formation and development of psychophysiological functions at various stages of acquiring a medical profession were studied using the methods generally accepted in the practice of hygienic research. The obtained results were subjected to statistical processing using the statistical analysis package “Statistica 6.1”. In the course of the conducted research, the most typical types of changes in the state of criterion indicators of the psychophysiological characteristics of the students’ organism were found: stable (type 1, which was characterized by the absence of any significant changes during the study period – indicators of coordination of movements in young women); growing (type 2, which consists in the gradual and steady improvement of the degree of development of criterion indicators of psychophysiological functions during the study period – speed of visual-motor reaction, balance of nervous processes, accuracy of linear measurement, muscle strength and muscle endurance in young women, speed of visual-motor reaction, critical frequency of fusion of light flashes, muscle strength in young men); parabolic with priority development of functions during the first and second years of schooling (type 3 – mobility of nervous processes in young women, accuracy of linear measurement, coordination of movements in young men); parabolic with priority development of functions during the second to third years of education (type 4 – critical frequency of the fusion of light flashes in young women, mobility of nervous processes, balance of nervous processes, muscular endurance in young men). The obtained results should be used in the future for the scientific justification of effective health-preserving technologies with the purpose of creating a preventive educational space.

Regarding the need for a differentiated approach in the aspect of determining programs for improving the qualifications of Ukrainian lawyers in conditions of digitalization

This article is devoted to revealing the essence of a lawyer’s professional duty to improve his qualifications, primarily through the prism of the lawyer’s right to choose the types of such improvement and by clarifying the feasibility of the existence of various programs aimed at its improvement .The necessity of various types of professional development programs that would primarily take into account the lawyer’s experience (for those who have experience in practicing law and young lawyers) is argued.
 Within the framework of this article, the content and problems of the implementation of the program for improving the qualifications of young lawyers were investigated. The experience of foreign countries is revealed, regarding both the definition of the «young lawyer» category in general, and the specifics of the programs for improving their qualifications. Attention is focused on the need for the Higher School of Advocacy of the National Bar Association of Ukraine to develop the «Young Lawyer» modular program and to make it free of charge, taking into account the payment of contributions by such lawyers specifically to ensure the implementation of lawyer self-governance, one of the main duties of which is to maintain a high professional level of lawyers.
 The article also focuses on the expediency of approving training programs for other persons who have one or another relation to the practice of advocacy. A conclusion is made regarding the positive nature of the development by the Higher School of Advocacy of the National Association of Lawyers of Ukraine of special, adaptation courses (instructions) of professional development for interns, assistant attorneys and individuals, in case of renewal of their right to engage in advocacy and the availability of their completion (online).
 To achieve the goal, the author used the methods characteristic of legal science, and the research was conducted primarily using systemic-structural and comparative-legal methods, as well as the dialectical method of learning legal reality.

The time course of adaptation in modified reality: isotropic environments and orientation anisotropies

The time course of adaptation in modified reality: isotropic environments and orientation anisotropies

Modeling orientation perception adaptation to altered gravity environments with memory of past sensorimotor states.

Transitioning between gravitational environments results in a central reinterpretation of sensory information, producing an adapted sensorimotor state suitable for motor actions and perceptions in the new environment. Critically, this central adaptation is not instantaneous, and complete adaptation may require weeks of prolonged exposure to novel environments. To mitigate risks associated with the lagging time course of adaptation (e.g., spatial orientation misperceptions, alterations in locomotor and postural control, and motion sickness), it is critical that we better understand sensorimotor states during adaptation. Recently, efforts have emerged to model human perception of orientation and self-motion during sensorimotor adaptation to new gravity stimuli. While these nascent computational frameworks are well suited for modeling exposure to novel gravitational stimuli, they have yet to distinguish how the central nervous system (CNS) reinterprets sensory information from familiar environmental stimuli (i.e., readaptation). Here, we present a theoretical framework and resulting computational model of vestibular adaptation to gravity transitions which captures the role of implicit memory. This advancement enables faster readaptation to familiar gravitational stimuli, which has been observed in repeat flyers, by considering vestibular signals dependent on the new gravity environment, through Bayesian inference. The evolution and weighting of hypotheses considered by the CNS is modeled via a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter algorithm. Sensorimotor adaptation learning is facilitated by retaining a memory of past harmonious states, represented by a conditional state transition probability density function, which allows the model to consider previously experienced gravity levels (while also dynamically learning new states) when formulating new alternative hypotheses of gravity. In order to demonstrate our theoretical framework and motivate future experiments, we perform a variety of simulations. These simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of this model and its potential to advance our understanding of transitory states during which central reinterpretation occurs, ultimately mitigating the risks associated with the lagging time course of adaptation to gravitational environments.

Some Morphofunctional Features of the Tail of Early Archosaurs in Relation to Swimming Adaptation

In ancient and modern aquatic and semi-aquatic tetrapods, several types of structure of the locomotor apparatus are presented, providing various styles of swimming. In the course of evolutionary adaptation to swimming, an important role was played by the morphological transformations of the tail, which often performs the main propulsion function. Modern reptiles (except turtles) swim mainly with the help of horizontal tail bends, while mammals swim either vertical or horizontal ones. Among extinct reptiles, Sauropterygia probably used vertical tail mobility when swimming. In most archosauromorphs, the tail became high, laterally compressed, and they swam mainly with the help of its horizontal movements. Among early archosaurs, Proterohampsians and Doswelliids are distinguished by their wide and dorsoventrally flat tails, which may indicate an adaptation to swimming using its vertical mobility.

Selection on the Fly: Short-Term Adaptation to an Altered Sexual Selection Regime in Drosophila pseudoobscura.

Experimental evolution studies are powerful approaches to examine the evolutionary history of lab populations. Such studies have shed light on how selection changes phenotypes and genotypes. Most of these studies have not examined the time course of adaptation under sexual selection manipulation, by resequencing the populations' genomes at multiple time points. Here, we analyze allele frequency trajectories in Drosophila pseudoobscura where we altered their sexual selection regime for 200 generations and sequenced pooled populations at 5 time points. The intensity of sexual selection was either relaxed in monogamous populations (M) or elevated in polyandrous lines (E). We present a comprehensive study of how selection alters population genetics parameters at the chromosome and gene level. We investigate differences in the effective population size-Ne-between the treatments, and perform a genome-wide scan to identify signatures of selection from the time-series data. We found genomic signatures of adaptation to both regimes in D. pseudoobscura. There are more significant variants in E lines as expected from stronger sexual selection. However, we found that the response on the X chromosome was substantial in both treatments, more pronounced in E and restricted to the more recently sex-linked chromosome arm XR in M. In the first generations of experimental evolution, we estimate Ne to be lower on the X in E lines, which might indicate a swift adaptive response at the onset of selection. Additionally, the third chromosome was affected by elevated polyandry whereby its distal end harbors a region showing a strong signal of adaptive evolution especially in E lines.

Habitual exercise evokes fast and persistent adaptation during split-belt walking.

Changing movement patterns in response to environmental perturbations is a critical aspect of gait and is related to reducing the energetic cost of the movement. Exercise improves energetic capacity for submaximal exercise and may affect how people adapt movement to reach an energetic minimum. The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-reported exercise behavior influences gait adaptation in young adults. Young adults who met the optimal volume of exercise according to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (MOVE; n = 19) and young adults who did not meet the optimal volume of exercise (notMOVE; n = 13) walked on a split-belt treadmill with one belt moving twice the speed of the other belt for 10 minutes. Step length asymmetry (SLA) and mechanical work done by each leg were measured. Nonlinear mixed effects models compared the time course of adaptation between MOVE and notMOVE, and t-tests compared net work at the end of adaptation between MOVE and notMOVE. Compared to notMOVE, MOVE had a faster initial response to the split belt treadmill, and continued to adapt over the duration of split-belt treadmill walking. Young adults who engage in sufficient amounts of exercise responded more quickly to the onset of a perturbation, and throughout the perturbation they continued to explore movement strategies, which might be related to reduction of energetic cost. Our findings provide insights into the multisystem positive effects of exercise, including walking adaptation.

Life Adaptation Teaching and Its Content of Mental Health Education in Primary School

Life adaptation is an important component of the adaptation dimension of the psychological quality structure of primary school students, and it is an important index to evaluate the mental health of primary school students. Abstract: Life adaptation is an important component of the adaptation dimension of the psychological quality structure of primary school students, and it is an important index to evaluate the mental health of primary school students. When teaching life adaptation, teachers should take the goal and nature of life adaptation course as their own teaching action guide. On the basis of grasping the basic concept of the course, teachers should flexibly design course ideas and implement course implementation suggestions. Life adaptation teaching in the mental health education course can help primary school students improve their adaptive ability and mental health level. When teaching life adaptation, teachers should take the goal and nature of life adaptation course as their own teaching action guide. On the basis of grasping the basic concept of the course, teachers should flexibly design course ideas and implement course implementation suggestions. Life adaptation teaching in the mental health education course can help primary school students improve their adaptive ability and mental health level.

The time course of chromatic adaptation in human early visual cortex revealed by SSVEPs.

Previous studies have identified at least two components of chromatic adaptation: a rapid component with a time scale between tens of milliseconds to a few seconds, and a slow component with a half-life of about 10 to 30 seconds. The basis of the rapid adaptation probably lies in receptor adaptation at the retina. The neural substrate for the slow adaptation remains unclear, although previous psychophysical results hint at the early visual cortex. A promising approach to investigate adaptation effects in the visual cortex is to analyze steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) elicited by chromatic stimuli, which typically use long durations of stimulation. Here, we re-analyzed the data from two previous pattern-reversal SSVEP studies. In these experiments (N = 49 observers in total), SSVEPs were elicited by counter-phase flickering color- or luminance-defined grating stimuli for 150 seconds in each trial. By analyzing SSVEPs with short time windows, we found that chromatic SSVEP responses decreased with increasing stimulation duration and reached a lower asymptote within a minute of stimulation. The luminance SSVEPs did not show any systematic adaptation. The time course of chromatic SSVEPs can be well described by an exponential decay function with a half-life of about 20 seconds, which is very close to previous psychophysical reports. Despite the difference in stimuli between the current and previous studies, the coherent time course may indicate a more general adaptation mechanism in the early visual cortex. In addition, the current result also provides a guide for future color SSVEP studies in terms of either avoiding or exploiting this adaptation effect.

CONSERVATION AND VARIABILITY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION SYSTEM OF THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIA IN VERTEBRATES

In the course of evolution and adaptation to life conditions, organisms have developed the strategies that allow to use of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulation of physiological processes and in maintenance of homeostasis. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is one of the prime examples of tissues with a high level of metabolism and intracellular ROS, that have the more risk of damage after oxidative stress (OS), under the influence of exogenous or endogenous stress factors. Vertebrate RPE cells, despite the conservatism of the eye tissue structures and their main functions, respond differently to OS are due to the taхon-species specificity of the components of signaling pathways that form the antioxidant defense system (AODS). Transcription factors, in particular, Nrf2 play a key role in AODS. AODS in RPE includes the several levels of regulation, interaction of which ensures the stability of morphofunctional state of the cells. Phylogenetic analysis of the key components of AODS in various vertebrates revealed not only conservation, but also variability in the protein domain organization. This may reflect the differences in functions, adaptability and regenerative potential. The identification of AODS mechanisms that ensure the morphofunctional stability of RPE cells is of fundamental importance and is aimed at finding tissue-specific targets for effective treatment of a spectrum of eye diseases.

와해성 혁신의 확장과 변혁적 혁신 유형

Automobile industry is under the transformational innovations. The module and part makers of the internal combustion engine and related parts are disrupted by the electric vehicles. Tesla is the leading innovator in this sector. An investor asked Prof. Christensen whether Tesla is a disruptive innovation. The answer was strictly “No!” The contradiction of the reality and the theoretical claim brings the idea of anomalies in theory. For sure, Tesla has the ‘Disruptiveness’ in a sense, but the rigorous judgement is contradictory. It is an opportunity to expand the innovation theory. This study is an ad-hoc expansion of disruptive innovation theory with four transformational innovation types: Avalanche Innovation, foundation innovation, disruptive innovation. and authentic innovation/ entrepreneurship. Here, two innovation axis are suggested to explain the process of transformation and authenticity of entrepreneurs leading innovation. The re-examination of Tesla innovation from Christensen’s theoretical perspective and categorize it as a new type of innovation. It is ad-hoc expansion named as avalanche innovation. There are several downward innovations with adaptive course of actions that brings avalanche of Innovation to the SMEs in automobile industries. The convertive innovation of Hyundai-Kia motors and the barricade innovation of the parts and module companies are discussed. Based on the case based theory building research, more development of responsive strategy to avalanche innovation for the survival of the incumbents. Research agendas are discussed for the future research possibilities.

Joint-level coordination patterns for split-belt walking across different speed ratios.

Locomotion is a highly flexible process, requiring rapid changes to gait due to changes in the environment or goals. Here, we used a split-belt treadmill to examine how the central nervous system coordinates a novel gait pattern. Existing research has focused on summary measures, most often step lengths, when describing changes induced while walking on the split-belt treadmill and during subsequent aftereffects. Here, we asked how the nervous system adjusts individual joint motions and the coordination pattern of the legs when people walk with one leg moving at either 2×, 3×, or 4× the speed of the other leg. We found that relative to tied-belt walking, split-belt perturbations change the timing relationships between the legs while most joint angle peaks and range of motion change little. The kinematic changes over the course of adaptation (i.e., from the beginning to end of a single split-belt walking bout) were subtle, particularly when comparing individual joint motions. The magnitude of the belt speed differences impacted intralimb coordination but did not produce consistent differences in most other measures. Most significant changes in kinematics occurred in the fast leg. Overall, interlimb timing changes drove a large proportion of the differences observed between tied-belt and split-belt gaits. Thus, it appears that the central nervous system can produce novel gait patterns through changes in coordination between legs that lead to new configurations at significant time points. These patterns can use within-limb and within-joint patterns that closely resemble those of normal walking.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied how the nervous system coordinates limb movements during asymmetric gait. Using a split-belt treadmill, we found that most changes in motion occurred when comparing motions between limbs, rather than among joints within a limb. Individual joint patterns resembled speed-matched comparisons, but this meant that joint movements became asymmetric during split-belt walking. These findings demonstrate that the nervous system can use consistent joint motions that are reconfigured in time to achieve new gait patterns.

Оцінювання психофізіологічного стану операторів екстремальних видів діяльності

Human activity in conditions of extreme influence of environmental factors is accompanied by a long-term stressful state, which modifies the course of adaptation and provokes maladaptation disorders with the subsequent development of pathology. At the same time, maladaptive disorders do not have specific manifestations, which complicates diagnosis. In order to determine the specifics of changes in psychophysiological functions under the influence of extreme factors, medical and psychophysiological studies were performed with the participation of Antarctic winterers and persons with post-traumatic stress disorders. A number of new and modified methods of research of the psychophysiological state, which were used in the monitoring mode during the year of wintering, were involved. The diagnostic and prognostic effectiveness of certain characteristic changes in indicators of electrical activity of the brain, maintenance of statokinetic stability (assessment of central regulation mechanisms), psycho-emotional color preference (assessment of psychophysical tone) and individual genetic features (polymorphism of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α gene) has been established. The practical application of psychophysiological state assessment indicators in the system of medical and psychological support of Antarctic expeditions has shown their diagnostic and prognostic effectiveness.

The Role of Hsp70 in Adaptation to Adverse Conditions and Its Possible Medical Application.

In the present era of global warming and dramatically increased environmental pollution posing a threat to animal life, the understanding and manipulation of organisms' resources of stress tolerance is apparently a question of survival. Heat stress and other forms of stressful factors induce a highly organized response of organisms at the cellular level where heat shock proteins (Hsps) and in particular Hsp70 family of chaperones are among the major players in the protection from the environmental challenge. The present review article summarizes the peculiarities of the Hsp70 family of proteins protective functions being a result of many millions of years of adaptive evolution. It discusses the molecular structure and specific details of hsp70 gene regulation in various organisms, living in diverse climatic zones, with a special emphasis on the protective role of Hsp70 in adverse conditions of the environment. The review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying Hsp70-specific properties that emerged in the course of adaptation to harsh environmental conditions. This review also includes the data on the anti-inflammatory role of Hsp70 and the involvement of endogenous and recombinant Hsp70 (recHsp70) in proteostatic machinery in various pathologies including neurodegenerative ones such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases in rodent model organisms and humans in vivo and in vitro. Specifically, the role of Hsp70 as an indicator of disease type and severity and the use of recHsp70 in several pathologies are discussed. The review discusses different roles exhibited by Hsp70 in various diseases including the dual and sometimes antagonistic role of this chaperone in various forms of cancer and viral infection including the SARS-Cov-2 case. Since Hsp70 apparently plays an important role in many diseases and pathologies and has significant therapeutic potential there is a dire need to develop cheap recombinant Hsp70 production and further investigate the interaction of externally supplied and endogenous Hsp70 in chaperonotherapy.