County Names Research Articles

County name origins of the United States

This massive reference work supplies the origins of all county (and parish) names in the United States. It is organized into 49 chapters covering the 48 states with counties and the one state (Louisiana) with parishes. Alaska, which has no comparable governmental subdivision, is the omitted state. Each chapter lists its entries A-Z and then ends with its own bibliography. Each entry, rich with historical details, explains the origins of its name. Among the diverse origins are such things as presidents, rivers, Indian tribes and military heroes. A general bibliography and full index complete this reference.

Designing linked micromap plots for states with many counties.

This paper describes the design of linked micromap plots for showing county estimates on a state by state basis. The linked micromap template was specifically developed to represent spatially indexed statistical summaries. Each plot shows regional names, spatial patterns and statistical patterns while linking them all together. Thus the design is useful for communicating summaries from a host of health and environmental studies. The specific design challenge in this paper is to create one-page plots for the states with 60 to 120 counties. While the county names and micromaps take up substantial space, the three examples demonstrate that there is sufficient space to represent two variables. The basic design has the potential for showing more. Consequently the new designs are suitable for presenting sophisticated summaries.

Aspects of Settlement and Territorial Arrangements in South-east Scotland in the Late Prehistoric and Early Medieval Periods

THIS PAPER IS THE RESULT of research related to long cist cemeteries such as Hallow Hill, Fife1 by E. V. W. Proudfoot and ideas first put forward by C. Aliaga-Kelly in his thesis The Anglo-Saxon Occupation of South-East Scotland.2 Large defended sites, possible oppida, significantly sited on watersheds, may have been key centres in pre-Anglian times. Associations of such sites with other defended settlements and farmsteads are particularly significant to this discussion of developing territorial arrangements; the term ‘territorial arrangements’ is used for this early period, before formal development of land organization can be recognized. Early ‘multiple estates’ are still difficult to identify in the archaeological record and in the landscape; in this paper we explore the level and nature of available evidence and seek to stimulate research into this aspect of the early medieval history of Scotland. The pre-1974 county names have been used throughout this paper.

Place-names and other evidence for Anglian settlement in south-east Scotland

ABSTRACT This paper has developed from a study of place- names relating to Edwina Proudfoot's work on the long-cist cemetery at Hallow Hill, Fife, (Proudfoot & Aliaga-Kelly forthcoming 1996a) along with the study of place-name evidence for Old English-speaking, Anglian settlement in Scotland, in Christopher Aliaga-Kelly's thesis ‘The Anglo-Saxon Occupation of South-East Scotland’. In treating the place-names as artefacts in their own right, no correlation was found between them and the very limited artefactual and structural evidence for Anglian settlement. The documentary evidence allowed some place-names to be seen in association with one another and even with possible estates or lordships. There was limited evidence for concentration of settlement by Old English speakers and later expansions or shifts of population. The meaning of some place-names was found to be informative and there were examples of British elements in surviving Anglian place-names. The county names used throughout this paper refer to the historic pre-1974 names.

Southern Nationalism on the Landscape: County Names in Former Confederate States

AbstractThe Confederate period and celebration of the Lost Cause are significant sources of county names in eleven of the former Confederate states. Since 1861, counties in these eleven states have been named for Confederate soldiers and prominent antebellum and Confederate politicians. Among these states, important differences in the frequency of choosing Southern nationalist names for counties are apparent. These findings partially explain the lack of mainstream American nationalism on the landscape of states in the Deep South.

Where Does the Teacher Intervene with Underachieving Writers?

It seemed to me that the whole class was falling down around me. It was the first Friday in October, the day for issuing interims (our county's name for midterm warnings to students earning D's and F's). In my class of twenty-one eleventhgrade underachieving English students, eleven were receiving interims. When the students came in, there was a cloud of anxiety hanging over all of us. Sam hovered over my opened records. In a frantic voice, he said, How could I be getting an F? I did all that extra credit.

Fifth supplementary list of British minerals (Scottish)

THE number of mineral species known to occur in the British Isles increases yearly and details of their localities and assemblages are scattered throughout the literature. For ready-reference purposes Spencer produced lists of British minerals (1898, 1931, and 1958) to complement the species detailed by Greg and Lettsom (1858) in their Manual of the Mineralogy of Great Britain and Ireland. The listing tradition was continued by Embrey (1977 and 1978) and at the latter dates the total number of known British species was approximately 600. Some entries in the earlier lists require revision in view of later work (Deer et al., 1962, 1963, and 1979; Fleischer 1980; and Hey, 1962 and 1963; and Hey and Embrey 1974). The present authors undertook the task of revising entries in Heddle's (1901) Mineralogy of Scotland endeavouring to produce an up-to-date glossary of Scottish mineral species. This work 'Glossary of Scottish Mineral Species 1981' (Macpherson and Livingstone, 1982), entailed examination of many specimens in the Scottish Mineral Collection of the Royal Scottish Museum as well as specimens in other museum collections. Contact was made with other mineralogists in order to obtain specimens or unpublished data. In works of this nature the value of museum collections is paramount for without their existence certain entries could not be made. The Scottish Glossary contains 443 entries detailing mineral name, ideal formula, crystal system, assemblage, locality (preRegionalization County names are retained) and reference details, following the style of the Spencer and Embrey lists. In the Scottish Glossary we consider that 399 valid species occur in Scotland. Many of these species are substantiated by X-ray diffraction identification or electron probe microanalysis data or both. When comparing the Greg and Lettsom, Spencer and Embrey lists with the Scottish Glossary it became apparent that some 16~o of Scottish minerals (sixty-four minerals) had not been previously listed or recorded for the British Isles; a

South Carolina County Names: Unreconstructed Individualism1

South Carolina County Names: Unreconstructed Individualism1

Stress and Spelling in Certain Two–Eletnent Place–Names in the U. S.

LTHE LARGE NUMBER OF U.S. CITY, COUNTY, and state names consisting of two elements brought together syntactically for the occasion, 1 the convention of indicating stress by spelling is observed so consistently that exceptions become curiosities. Ordinarily in a name spelled as two words, the two are found to be stressed equally, e. g., Sioux Falls (S. D.), or if the first word is new and the second a borrowed proper place-name, the new normally receives a lighter stress than the second word, e. g., New Jersey. In contrast, in a two-element name spelled as one word, the second element is found to receive only a secondary stress, e. g., Pottstown (Pa.), or none at all, e. g., Danville (Va).2 Presumably stress determined spelling when the names were coined or given their present spellings; certainly readers infer stress from spelling according to these principles. What, then, determines stress? As a rule, a second element in the name of a political subdivision (city, state, or county) is fully stressed and spelled as a separate word only when it is not a generic term for the kind of place being named: Council Bluffs (Iowa) is the name of a city and Rhode Island that of a state. Most such names are, like these two, simply the unmodified names of prominent local topographical features, e. g., Pilot Mountain (N. C.), White Plains (N. Y.), Little River (S. C.), Niagara Falls (N. Y.), and Seven Pines (Va.); some are the names of local travel points, e. g., Great Bridge (Va.), Rocky Ford (N. C.), Harper's Ferry(W. Va.), May's Landing(N. J.), Sag Harbor(N. Y.), and Boswell's Tavern (Va.); some, of local commercial enterprises, e. g.,Clifton Forge (Va.); and some, of local institutions, e. g., Falls Church (Va.), Guilford College (N. C.), and Washington Courthouse (Ohio).

Post-Medieval Britain in 1974

THE GAZETTEER for post-medieval Britain for England and Wales is arranged under the new counties as established on I April 1974. If a new county replaces an old county, the old county name will follow the place name in brackets before the grid reference. The arrangement is alphabetical under the first letter of the name. Names preceded by adjectives such as North, Greater, or Mid etc. will be found under the principal name, i.e. North Yorkshire will be Yorkshire, North. The compiler wishes to thank all those who have kindly helped him by giving information about excavations or fieldwork.

Family Planning Policy Development in North Carolina: Weak Tea

The development of family planning policy on the county level in North Carolina is shown through the histories of 10 counties. North Carolina had had a pioneering role in the initiation of family planning programs dating back to the early 1930s but by the 1960s she had lost her superior standing among the states. The present study is based on a stratified sample of 10 counties chosen on the basis of 10 geographic demographic and health variables. These were region population size racial composition rural-urban status proportion of family in poverty status infant mortality rates illegitimacy ratios public assistance cases per 1000 population crude birthrate and the percentage of unmet need for family planning services. An effort was made to match counties on the basis of the first 5 criteria which were geographic demographic or economic in nature and to contrast them with the last 5 criteria which dealt with family planning. Data was gathered in late 1969 by interviews that generally lasted about an hour. A portrait is painted of the family planning programs in each of the 10 counties although the county names are disguised. Among the major findings are: 1) 1 or 2 people or a single agency dominated the policymaking process in all 10 counties; 2) county commissioners supported family planning programs primarily to reduce welfare expenditures; 3) the greatest opposition to the programs came from the medical profession which wanted the services provided by doctors on a fee basis; 4) key constraints in addition to lack of leadership from health departments and opposition from doctors were lack of salience of the issues for policymakers lack of expertise inherent in the county system of government and lack of funds and personnel; and 5) the availability of federal funds had important policymaking implications especially by helping poor counties to overcome local indifference or opposition and organize extensive programs. Whatever discriminatory attitudes that existed seemed directed at all the disadvantaged regardless of color.

Hungarian City and County Names in the United States

(1971). Hungarian City and County Names in the United States. Names: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 141-143.

Names of Counties and County Seats

Names of Counties and County Seats

What's in County Names?

What's in County Names?

British Food Journal Volume 32 Issue 3 1930

The Empire Day Movement, which is associated with the Royal Empire Society, announces that with the object of inducing the Government to take effective action against the practice of selling blended butter, predominantly foreign, under labels and in packets which suggest English origin, a memorial has been signed by representative organisations and members of Parliament of all parties. The memorial, which has been sent to the President of the Board of Trade, the Minister of Agriculture, the Chairman of the Empire Marketing Board, and the Chairman of the Food Council, is as follows :—In the interests of the butter‐consuming public, as well as of agriculture and the promotion of Empire trade, we, the undersigned, call the attention of the Government to the continuance of certain practices to which allusion is made in the fourth report of the Imperial Economic Committee. In paragraph 243 the report says: Blended butter is at present sold under various proprietary brands. In certain cases these brands embody the names of counties or districts which are known to be important agricultural or dairying areas in the Home Country. The suggestion inevitably conveyed in such cases to the bulk of the consumers must be that such butter is of English origin.

岡山縣下ニ於ケル肝臟「ヂストマ」第一中間宿主「マメタニシ」ノ分布ニ就テ

In order to determine the infected or susceptible areas from Clonorchis sinensis, the author has, during the past one and a half years, investigated the geographical distribution of Bythiniae, covering 266 different towns and villages out of 398 in the whole prefecture, and come to the following conclusions:- 1. The area in which Bythiniae live is the south-western part of the prefecture, i. e., along the down-streams of the three largest rivers; the area is oblong, its diameter being about 60 k. m. from east to west and about 16 k. m. from south to north. Across this area runs the Sanyo Railway Line. The north, east and south boundaries are surrounded by a doubtful zone of about 4 k. m. in width, while the west boundary reaches to a slightly affected area of the neighbouring prefecture, Hiroshima. The severely infected region, located nearly centrally, is a lowland of clayey soil along the shore of the Kojima Bay, with many canals in which the water flows very slowly or is rather stagnant. In these canals, there are many kinds of water plants growing abundantly, and there can be seen numberless fresh-water fish such as Pseudorasbora parva living. The most severely affected area lies within about 3 k. m. from the shore. In this district, it is not difficult, during the summer time, to catch several hundreds of Bythiniae by a few scoops of a net having a diameter of two-thirds of one meter. 2. The density of Bythiniae is nearly in inverse proportion to the distance from the severest center. On the contrary, it is nearly in direct proportion to the number of Clonorchis cysts in a second intermediate host, and to the number of cases of the fluke carriers, and furthermore to the extent of clayey soil, and accordingly to the activity of rush cultivation, the cultivation being made practically in clayey soil. The original paper contains the outline map, the explanation of which will be: Dotted………………doubtful zone Lined………………slight or moderate zone Cross-lined…………severe zone Black triangle……name of county ◎……………………city of Okayama

Abbreviated names of English counties

Abbreviated names of English counties

Abbreviated names of English counties and towns

Abbreviated names of English counties and towns

Abbreviated names of English counties and towns

Journal Article Abbreviated names of English counties and towns Get access James Knowles James Knowles Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s2-VIII, Issue 193, 10 September 1859, Page 219, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-VIII.193.219c Published: 10 September 1859

Abbreviated names of English counties and towns

Journal Article Abbreviated names of English counties and towns Get access Kirktown Skene Kirktown Skene 1Aberilonensis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s2-VII, Issue 179, 4 June 1859, Page 467, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-VII.179.467a Published: 04 June 1859