Abstract
THIS PAPER IS THE RESULT of research related to long cist cemeteries such as Hallow Hill, Fife1 by E. V. W. Proudfoot and ideas first put forward by C. Aliaga-Kelly in his thesis The Anglo-Saxon Occupation of South-East Scotland.2 Large defended sites, possible oppida, significantly sited on watersheds, may have been key centres in pre-Anglian times. Associations of such sites with other defended settlements and farmsteads are particularly significant to this discussion of developing territorial arrangements; the term ‘territorial arrangements’ is used for this early period, before formal development of land organization can be recognized. Early ‘multiple estates’ are still difficult to identify in the archaeological record and in the landscape; in this paper we explore the level and nature of available evidence and seek to stimulate research into this aspect of the early medieval history of Scotland. The pre-1974 county names have been used throughout this paper.
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