Country's Transport Research Articles

A machine learning comparison of transportation mode changes from high-speed railway promotion in Thailand

Thailand's collaboration with China to develop High-Speed Rail (HSR) represents a crucial step in enhancing transportation infrastructure and promoting regional economic growth. While most research has focused on existing travel modes such as cars, buses, and planes, there is a notable lack of analysis on future transport choices, particularly in developing countries like Thailand. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the factors influencing High-Speed Railways adoption to inform future traveler decisions. The comparison of models for predicting High-Speed Railways usage revealed that CatBoost consistently outperformed the other models, with cross-validation confirming its superior performance across all key metrics. The Binary Logit Model (BL) demonstrated moderate effectiveness, achieving an accuracy of 0.7404 ± 0.006, sensitivity of 0.7655 ± 0.006, and a relatively lower AUC of 0.8161 ± 0.0067. Its specificity (0.7140 ± 0.0129), precision (0.7376 ± 0.0085), and F1 score (0.7513 ± 0.0055) were moderate, but it struggled with handling imbalanced data. In contrast, XGBoost delivered significantly stronger results, with an accuracy of 0.8846 ± 0.0068, sensitivity of 0.9210 ± 0.0094, and an AUC of 0.9583 ± 0.0036. XGBoost also achieved high specificity (0.8464 ± 0.0062), precision (0.8630 ± 0.0055), and an F1 score (0.8910 ± 0.0067). LightGBM also performed well, achieving an accuracy of 0.8763 ± 0.0077 and a relatively high sensitivity of 0.9358 ± 0.0071. However, it exhibited lower specificity (0.8139 ± 0.0107) and precision (0.8408 ± 0.0083), resulting in a slightly reduced F1 score of 0.8857 ± 0.0069 and an AUC of 0.9506 ± 0.0034. CatBoost demonstrated the highest overall performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.8853 ± 0.0061, sensitivity of 0.9245 ± 0.0072, specificity of 0.8441 ± 0.0068, precision of 0.8616 ± 0.0058, an F1 score of 0.8920 ± 0.0058, and an AUC of 0.9584 ± 0.0034. The decision to use High-Speed Railways in Thailand is influenced by several key factors that reflect the country's unique transportation context. These factors include travel time, access time, service frequency, cost, waiting time, household income, automobile ownership, gender, and the purpose of travel. This information is valuable for shaping policies to support High-Speed Railways adoption in Thailand.

The costs of transporting goods by different modes: A case study of pottery movement in late Roman Britain

There is a long-standing view that, in the Roman world, transport by sea and river was very much cheaper than by land. Previous analyses of transport costs have relied primarily on a few surviving historical records, notably the Edict on Maximum Prices issued by Diocletian in 301 CE. Here we outline an alternative method for deriving relative costs of transportation by different modes using materials recovered in archaeological excavations. We apply this to the distribution of Late Romano-British pottery (c. 250–400 CE) to calculate the cost ratios of transportation by road, river and sea to rural settlements and towns in lowland Britannia. The analysis suggests a best fit cost ratio of road to rivers and sea of 1:3:4 (i.e. transport by road was three times as costly as by river and four times that by sea), with 95% confidence interval of roads to rivers 1:1–5 and roads to sea of 1:1–9. These values are broadly consistent with transport cost ratios of 1:4:8 in England in the first half of the fourteenth century, when the country's transport network had reached a degree of integration comparable with late Roman Britain.

Підвищення ефективності забезпечення працездатності транспортних засобів

Accidental failures, leading to unplanned repairs, significantly increase the cost of their elimination compared to planned measures. A significant part of such failures are not sudden in nature. Gradual failure is preceded by a gradual change in some parameters. The impact of gradual failures on the efficient operation of road freight transport is increasing. Despite the fact that the failure of the engine, clutch or automatic transmission is not dangerous to the life and health of people, their impact on the economic condition of the enterprise is significant. There is a trend of decreasing the size of the rolling stock fleet for most of the country's motor transport enterprises. Therefore, the importance of keeping each car in working condition increases. To increase the accuracy of the prevention of gradual and sudden-gradual failures, a forecasting method based on the diagnosis of trucks with a specialized diagnostic car scanner TEXA Navigator MULTIHUB is proposed. The selection of diagnostic parameters was carried out in accordance with the requirements for compliance with the accuracy, efficiency, and informativeness of the diagnostic parameters. The research was carried out on MAN TG-X, MAN TGA, VOLVO FH 12, DAF 105 XF, and DAF 106 cars. A sequential cylinder shutdown test was conducted to determine the compression and efficiency of all cylinders. A gradual change in the operating parameter is determined based on the obtained decrease in revolutions. In the next test, the correction of the injectors for the amount of fuel injected into the cylinders is checked. The reference value is taken as 0. The correction tolerance for increasing or decreasing the fuel supply time should be within +1 or –1. Based on the received data, the nozzle is determined, in the correction gradually increases, which signals a problem with the nozzle's operation. For the clutch, a test of the position of the start of switching on and off was carried out. By reducing the percentage of idling, you can determine the gradual engagement of the clutch. All the conducted tests make it possible to graphically display a change in a parameter or property and, using extrapolation, to predict the moment of failure. All cars carry out freight transportation in international traffic. Control parameters and data extrapolation made it possible to predict engine, clutch, and automatic transmission failures. Selected diagnostic parameters can be used to predict and prevent failures.

Human factors influencing the reliability and safety of vehicles, Kenya case study

This paper investigates how human decisions and actions in maintenance practices influence the reliability and safety of vehicles in the Kenyan transportation sector. It specifically addresses several human factors that play a crucial role in influencing the reliability and safety of vehicles. Neglecting the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule, employing inadequately skilled maintenance personnel, utilizing substandard replacement parts, and exhibiting poor driving habits emerge as key contributors to the compromised reliability and safety within the country's road transportation sector. The research underscores the substantial implications of these human factors, shedding light on their profound influence on the overall condition and security of vehicles in the Kenyan transportation landscape. This paper aims to contribute valuable insights for improving maintenance practices and fostering a safer and more reliable environment within the country's transportation sector, ultimately promoting enhanced safety standards and operational efficiency.

Comprehensive risk assessment of Pakistan railway network: A semi-quantitative risk matrix approach

Pakistan Railway (PR) is vital to the country's transportation infrastructure, facilitating passenger and freight transportation. However, the growing number of accidents associated with PR has raised concerns about its overall safety. In addition, there have been limited research efforts to investigate PR accidents and their underlying causes The present study conducts a comprehensive risk assessment and safety management of PR using a semi-quantitative risk matrix approach. The study combines historical accident data and expert evaluations to assess the likelihood and consequences of different railway accident types and potential contributing factors. The descriptive statistics analysis has revealed varying degrees of severity for different types of railway accidents in Pakistan. For instance, accidents like passenger and goods train derailments and collisions at unmanned level crossings were identified as extreme and intolerable, whereas train fire accidents were categorized as high and undesirable. Moreover, accidents attributed to human error are classified as extreme and intolerable, while those caused by negligence of road users and track defects are classified as high and undesirable. The study utilized the risk matrix approach and identified critical risk areas that can help the decision-makers prioritize effective risk mitigation strategies. In light of the present study's findings, policy implications, such as investment in infrastructure to mitigate risks associated with aging or deteriorating tracks, bridges, and tunnels, and human resource development for railway personnel to improve their skills, decision-making abilities, and awareness of safety protocols, are recommended.

Formation of New Technology in Automated Highway System in Peripheral Highway

There will be a dramatic shift in the transportation sector with the advent of autonomous highway systems, which might boost safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Modernizing India's transportation system may be as simple as installing state-of-the-art equipment along the Western Peripheral Highway. This abstract explores the potential impacts of autonomous highway systems on the Western Peripheral Highway, a vital piece of infrastructure. The development of autonomous highway systems is facilitated by a number of critical technologies, including artificial intelligence, sensor fusion, communication networks, and autonomous vehicles. These innovations enable cars to navigate themselves, exchange data with each other and roadside infrastructure, and make split-second decisions, all with the goal of enhancing traffic flow and roadway safety. By using high-definition mapping and precise localization systems, vehicle positioning and navigation are assured to be accurate, even in complex urban environments. The installation of Formation of new technology in Automated highway system in peripheral highway along the Western Peripheral Highway in India is widely anticipated as a potential solution to the country's dire transportation issues. Formation of new technology in Automated highway system in peripheral highway offer a realistic solution to increase mobility, decrease emissions, and alleviate congestion, all of which are contributing factors to the growing demand for efficient logistics networks brought about by rapid urbanization. Smart grid technology and renewable energy sources, when integrated into highway infrastructure, can make the transportation sector more resilient and eco-friendly. To make Formation of new technology in Automated highway system in peripheral highway a reality, many things and challenges must be taken into account. Make sure the communication protocols and car manufacturers are compatible for a smooth integration and operation. Urgent action is needed to address privacy and cybersecurity concerns in order to ensure the security of data and autonomous driving systems. The development of autonomous highway systems along India's Western Peripheral Highway finally presents a chance to drastically change transportation and urban mobility. It is possible for India to use cutting-edge technology and promote cooperation between the government, businesses, and universities to build highways that are safer, more efficient, and less harmful to the environment in the future. With sufficient investment, innovative thinking, and meticulous planning, Formation of new technology in Automated highway system in peripheral highway have the potential to transform urban landscapes and improve the quality of life for countless Americans.

Качество обслуживания потребителей как критерий повышения конкурентоспособности транспортных компаний при доставке грузов

Modern conditions in the service market orient the country's transport companies to the availability and quality of transport and logistics services in the field of freight traffic, the conditions for creating their quality while reducing the level of transport costs. Many companies appear in the road transport industry offering a different set of services related to the delivery of goods, such as information, commercial, technological, service, etc. However, despite the presence of a significant number of such companies in the transport services market, most of the customers are not satisfied with the quality of their provision, since along with the growth of competition, the requirements imposed by consumers on the quality of such services also increase. To meet these requirements, it is necessary to study the needs of consumers, determine the capabilities of competitors, establish and implement a marketing strategy. In order for the consumer to be guided in the market of motor transport services in the work on choosing an algorithm for choosing a transport company, which was based on ranking the identified indicators of the quality of transport services, measuring them for consumers and calculating the rating of transport companies, evaluating the delivery of goods. This technique helps the consumer to make a choice, giving preference to a company with the highest integral rating of transport services, therefore, the highest level of quality of services provided. To increase the number of customers and increase revenues, transport companies need to improve the quality of transport services through an individual approach to each client and his requests. The competitive advantage will be the one that can respond flexibly to changing customer requirements for transportation services and at the same time provide better quality services.

DETERMINATION OF STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR INLAND WATER TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

Topicality. In the context of globalization and the growth of international trade, water transport is becoming key to transport infrastructure, especially in Ukraine with its strategic location and river potential. The economic and ecological importance of inland waterway transport is obvious, but its development is held back by a number of challenges, including infrastructure constraints, economic difficulties, environmental requirements and legislative barriers. The relevance of the study lies in the need to analyze these challenges and define strategies to increase the competitiveness and integration of Ukrainian inland water transport into international logistics chains.Aim and tasks. Determine the priority strategic directions for the development of inland water transport of Ukraine, focusing on integration with international networks, adaptation to geopolitical changes, economic efficiency and environmental innovations. Tasks include analyzing the current state, assessing the impact of external factors and formulating recommendations for increasing the competitiveness and sustainable development of the industry, using international experience.Materials and Methods. The research is based on official documents, scientific literature and statistics to analyze the state of the industry and international experience. The methodology combines comparative analysis, expert evaluations and statistical analysis to identify trends. This will help assess the situation in Ukrainian inland water transport and develop recommendations for increasing its efficiency, sustainable development and integration into international logistics networks.Research results. In view of the growing need for efficient and environmentally sustainable transport solutions, the inland water transport of Ukraine shows significant potential for development. Analysis of the current state and international experience indicates a critical need to implement strategic directions aimed at modernization of infrastructure, implementation of environmental standards, development of multimodal transportation, attraction of investments and activation of international integration.Modernizing infrastructure, including upgrading locks, ports and navigation systems, is fundamental to ensuring the safety, efficiency and accessibility of water transport. This will allow Ukraine to increase the carrying capacity of river routes and optimize logistics chains.The introduction of environmental standards and innovations, in particular the use of environmentally friendly fuels and autonomous ships, will help reduce emissions and increase the environmental friendliness of the industry. This corresponds to the global trends of greening of transport and ensures the sustainable development of water transport.The development of multimodal transport, integrating water transport with other types of transport, opens up new opportunities for optimizing cargo flows and increasing the efficiency of the country's transport system.Attracting investments, both domestic and international, is key to the implementation of modernization and innovation projects. Creating a favorable investment climate and state support through incentives and guarantees will be able to accelerate the development of the industry.Activation of international integration through cooperation with international organizations and adaptation to international standards will allow Ukraine to integrate into global transport networks, attract international experience and investments for the development of water transport.The implementation of these strategic directions will require an integrated approach, coordinated work of the government, business and international partners, as well as taking into account the economic and environmental requirements of today.Conclusion. A government program with investment incentives, modernization and environmental innovation is recommended; legislative improvements to support water transport; business investments in the fleet and infrastructure; international support for Ukraine's integration into global networks. Future research should focus on adaptation to global change and private investment strategies.

STATE REGULATION OF RAILWAY FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and practical recommendations on improving the use of the development potential of the railway sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, studying regulatory measures by the country and determining their development prospects.The methodology of this article was theoretical and empirical research methods: analysis of the state of the country's railway complex, its problems and ways to solve them, as well as the study of the railway transportation process and its regulation. Analysis of literature on the research problem, comparison and systematization of empirical and theoretical data, systemic approach to the studied problems of the article, method of qualitative comparison, statistical method.Originality/value of the research: Railway transport is one of the basic sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan, providing its internal and external transport and economic relations, and the transportation needs of the population, therefore it is important to improve the development strategy of the country's railway transport at the Government level. The state will be able to optimize the railway transport sector by obtaining useful information as a result of this article.Conclusion: In order to successfully develop the railway transport market in Kazakhstan, the state must play a more active role as a strategic consultant, which will take on issues of long-term planning, forecasting, analysis and preparation of recommendations to market participants. In this regard, we believe that Kazakhstan needs a separate program for the development of railway transport.

Forecasting Ro-Ro Freight Transportation Demand at Samsun Port: A Hybrid Method Approach

ABSTRACT Türkiye's extensive coastline and geopolitics position necessitates the importance of Ro-Ro transportation with neighbouring countries. Türkiye's rapidly growing Ro-Ro transportation significantly contributes to imports and exports, which is of great importance to the national economy. Samsun Port is one of the most active ports in Türkiye's Ro-Ro transportation sector, operating in the Black Sea region. This study examined Ro-Ro transportation at Samsun Port, and future cargo forecasting was conducted. For this purpose, artificial neural networks and time series analysis methods were combined. Input variables used in the study included the number of Ro-Ro ships arriving at the port between 2009 and 2021, population figures, a specialized CPI indicator (fresh fruits and vegetables), and export values. The output variable was the amount of cargo carried by RoRo ships. According to the results obtained, it was observed that Samsun Port would have sufficient capacity for Ro-Ro transportation in the next 27 months in terms of wharf, port area, and operational space. Keywords: Samsun Port, Ro-Ro transportation, Port capacity, Forecasting

Импортозамещение в высокотехнологичном секторе как фактор устойчивого развития и модернизации транспортного комплекса России

The relevance of the article is due to Russia's desire to counteract the sanctions imposed by the United States and its satellites and rely on its own financial and economic resources. The subjects of the research are the policy of import substitution and its impact on the modernization of the country's transport complex. The purpose of the work is to identify key problems and promising areas for the implementation of import substitution policy in high–tech sectors of the economy as factors of sustainable development and modernization of the Russian transport complex. It is noted that in order to achieve this goal, it is advisable to use an import substitution policy in high-tech industries, which are characterized by a high intensity of internal costs for research and development, a large proportion of workers with higher education, as well as higher innovation activity. It is determined that at present the modernization of the transport complex is largely determined by the development of high-tech sectors of the economy. The interrelation of sustainable economic development and the results of import substitution is substantiated, problems and promising areas of import substitution policy in high-tech sectors of the Russian economy are identified, and the degree of influence of import substitution policy on the development of the Russian transport complex is assessed. The expediency of forming responsible production has been established, which minimizes the negative impact of the activities of economic activities on the environment and allows to prevent the technological lag of the national economy and serves as the basis for the modernization of the transport complex through the use of domestic equipment and vehicles for the development primarily of aviation, rail, water and road transport.

ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЕ МИРОВЫЕ ТОРГОВО - ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ - ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ К РЕИНЖИНИРИНГУ ТРАНСНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ КОММУНИКАЦИЙ РОССИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОСТОЧНОГО ПОЛИГОНА)

The article deals with topical issues of the modern national and transnational system of movement of goods and cargoes. Using the example of transportation of general raw materials along the Siberia - Far East latitudinal route, options for creating alternative cargo distribution hubs with a system of meridian corridors are proposed. Attempts have been made to integrate the tasks of stra-tegic development of the country's transport complex until 2030 with the tasks of economic diversification of the domestic economy and redistribution of commodity logistics.

THE TERRITORIAL ASPECT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN

This article explores the role of territorial logistics in the integration of Kazakhstan's regions into the global economy. The main purpose of the article is to consider the territorial aspect of the development of the logistics supply chain in Kazakhstan and its impact on ensuring sustainable and balanced economic growth. The analysis of the key problems and challenges facing the country is carried out, as well as recommendations for improving territorial logistics to support the development process are proposed. The study includes an analysis of the concept and strategy for the development of the transport logistics industry in Kazakhstan until 2030. The authors consider government programs such as «Nurly Zhol» and the National Development Plan until 2025 to identify key challenges and opportunities related to the country's territorial logistics and transport system. To achieve this goal, various analysis methods are used, including document analysis, bibliometric analysis and structural synthesis of transport systems. That article emphasizes the importance of territorial logistics to ensure sustainable development and increase the efficiency of the use of territorial resources. Territorial logistics is considered as an integrated approach to the management of spatial aspects of economic activity, including the organization and optimization of transport flows at the regional and urban levels. In conclusion, the article highlights new ways for the research and development of this field in Kazakhstan. A review of current research in the field of territorial logistics shows the versatility of research interest and the importance of further research for the development of effective strategies for managing logistics processes at the territorial level.

Ensuring the economic security of the port shunting operator based on the growth of the investment potential of the activity

Background: in the conditions of the new geo-economy, the activity of companies -shunting operators of the port, becomes the most important process of the emerging transport and logistics supply chains. Despite the sanctions restrictions on the export and import of a significant range of goods, restrictions on sea transportation by the Russian fleet, lack of cargo insurance and other negative factors, Russian seaports are operating with maximum load. The economic security of the country's transport and logistics system is significantly determined by the efficiency and competitiveness of the activities of port operators. Analytical data on processed goods flows for the period from 2022 to the present and the forecast of the volumes of goods that will be announced for transportation in the next few years indicate an increase in the need for capacities capable of handling cargo in seaports quickly and at an optimal price.
 Aim: to ensure the economic security of the shunting operator delivering cargo to seaports, based on the growth of the investment potential of the activity.
 Methods: the methodology of the study is based on the analysis of the activities of JSC "POOL Trans" – an organization that provides effective maneuvering work in the MP «Ust-Luga» and uninterrupted handling of cargo traffic at the junction «Railway – Port – Sea», using the main provisions of the rating methods. The information base of the study is based on reports and the regulatory framework of JSC "POOL-Trans".
 Results: a system of indicators of investment potential assessment factors was determined with testing on the example of the activities of JSC "POOL Trans", a rating method was applied and tested in addition to the assessment of investment potential, key parameters of investment potential assessment and their compliance with the level of economic security were established.
 Conclusion: the study confirms that the change in geo-economics and geopolitics has expanded the understanding of economic security, supplementing it with elements of ensuring transportation under the most severe sanctions restrictions, which is the basis for providing innovative solutions for cargo transshipment that determine the growth potential.

Prevention of motor vehicle crime: aspects of scientific and applied discourse

The article provides an overview of the state of the art in the study of motor vehicle crime as a scientific issue. It is emphasized that such a review should be carried out comprehensively, taking into account the peculiarities of the conceptual apparatus, interdisciplinary nature of cognition, previous developments of scientists, etc. The development of the problem of preventing motor vehicle crime is based on the results of research in various branches of science, for example, the sciences of the criminal law cycle, mechanics, physics, medicine, chemistry, computer science, psychology, pedagogy, etc.
 It is noted that foreign authors in their publications on the problems of mortality and injuries as a result of road accidents prefer to highlight the results of empirical research and observations; analyse and compare the results obtained by other researchers; evaluate road safety policy; highlight trends in road traffic crime, forecast changes in the area under consideration, etc. Instead, Ukrainian researchers study to a greater extent the criminological aspects of road traffic crime as a separate social phenomenon, administrative and criminal law issues of road traffic safety, as well as violations of vehicle operation rules. The author emphasises that the outbreak of a full-scale war and the introduction of martial law have increased the urgency of this issue and the need for thorough research for further implementation in practice.
 The start of a full-scale war in Ukraine and the introduction of martial law have further sharpened attention to road safety issues and the need for in-depth research to further implement them in practice. In this context, promising areas for further research in the field of road safety in Ukraine are: planning and forecasting the restoration and development of the country's transport infrastructure in the post-war period, prevention of road traffic crime in the specified period, etc.

Features of legal regulation of international mixed transportation in modern conditions

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the legal regulation of international mixed (multimodal) transportation of goods, passengers and luggage in a special period. In the conditions of war, the country's transport and logistics system plays the role of ensuring Ukraine's humanitarian, food, and energy security. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of international mixed (multimodal) transportation of goods, passengers and luggage, and to determine directions for improving the legislation in this area in the modern conditions of the development of transport corridors. Results. The author pays attention to the expansion of international multimodal transport corridors TEN-T on the territory of Ukraine and their influence on the intensification of international mixed transportation. It has been established that a successfully integrated transport system involves not only the combination and interaction of all participants in mixed transportation, but also the creation of a single legal and informational field, coordination of technical and operational characteristics of vehicles, infrastructure facilities, coordination and optimization of work schedules of various types of transport and all it is within different legal systems. Conclusions. The author concludes that due to the fact that international mixed transportation has become the only possible option for the delivery of cargo, passengers and luggage both from Ukraine to the countries of other continents and to Ukraine, the issue of unification of international legal regulation of multimodal transportation and the introduction of digital transport corridors is becoming urgent more and more acute.

Competitiveness as an indicator of efficient operation of motor transport enterprises

Introduction. The development of market relations has led to the liberalization of foreign economic activity and the removal of monopoly barriers to the entry of imported goods into the Ukrainian domestic market. As a result, Ukrainian trucking companies have faced fierce competition both domestically and especially in foreign markets, which are often oversaturated with high-quality services and products. In these circumstances, the problem of increasing the competitiveness of domestic road transport companies is becoming particularly acute. Its solution requires, first of all, obtaining an objective assessment of the level of competitiveness of the relevant products and services of Ukrainian production and their foreign counterparts to address a range of issues, from technical and economic to social. The purpose of the paper is to determine the most influential factors that contribute to the competitiveness of a motor transport enterprise. Results. Road transport occupies one of the most important places in the country's transportation system. The main factors that determine the level of competitiveness of a motor transport enterprise are the quality of products and services, the availability of an effective marketing and sales strategy, the level of qualification of personnel and management, and the technical and technological level. One of the most important factors determining the competitive potential of a motor carrier company is the level of personnel qualifications. One of the crucial conditions for ensuring the competitiveness of a motor transport enterprise is the effective management of innovations and technologies. The factors that determine the competitiveness of goods and services are largely intertwined with the factors of the enterprise, but there are individual and specific parameters in the provision of certain services and the sale of a particular product. Conclusion. Significant results of a road transport company in the market can be achieved only if it can achieve a competitive advantage in the market of transportation services based on the most important success factors. Assessment of the level of competitiveness of an enterprise should be based on a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to this complex phenomenon, and should take into account external and internal factors of influence, the degree of financial stability and the real situation of competing enterprises.

Research on the Vulnerability and Resilience of Bridges to Climate Change and Disasters: The Current Practice in Serbia

Timely response to the impact of climate change is a big challenge for the whole world, especially for developing countries. Within the framework of a country's transportation system, bridges play a crucial role in maintaining an efficient and well-connected road network. Ensuring their functionality is of paramount importance. However, climate change poses serious risks to the damage of bridge structures, jeopardizing traffic safety and potentially causing complete traffic interruptions. The aim of this paper is to present the current practice in Serbia regarding vulnerability analysis of bridges and the implementation of measures to enhance resilience.

Development of an algorithm for strategic management of improving the quality of the transport complex, based on the process of interaction of transport companies

There are ample opportunities for state regulation of transport in the country through the system of state regulation and the budget. However, the reconstruction of the country's transport complex has complicated the management system. Public control over the activities of hundreds of thousands of transport companies will be significantly weakened, which will make it difficult to implement a unified intersectoral transport policy, especially at the interregional level, and will negatively affect the economic competitiveness and security of the country.

Patterns of Urban Transport Infrastructure in China

China has focused on heavily investing in transportation infrastructure for many decades, and this study has aimed to conduct a detailed discussion of Chinas transportation infrastructure and has also described the evolution of the transportation system over the past few decades. This report has examined that China has been aggressively focusing on transportation infrastructure to build stronger economic growth in the changing environment. The data was collected and extracted from secondary research, such as general articles and books. Results show that the Chinese government has heavily invested in different sectors, such as railways, airways, seaways and other commuting methods, to transform the infrastructure of the country's transportation system. The highly transformed transportation system also minimizes the gap between the urban and rural regions, helps the country to influence the economic growth, and opens a new source of business with international markets. Further findings of this report reveal that from the past few years, China government is also exceptionally accentuating the development of metropolitan public transportation foundations to limit the hole. The government has clarified that urban public transportation also requires financial investment to improve traffic conditions and encourage sustainable societal development.