Tourism In Countries Research Articles

Perception disparity: Analyzing the destination image of Uzbekistan among residents and non-visitors

Destination image is a crucial aspect of tourism research. Although extensively studied, recent research highlights the need to explore residents' views and non-visitors' perceptions of destinations. This study aims to address this gap by contrasting Resident Destination Image (RDI) with Tourist Destination Image (TDI) among non-visitors, using Uzbekistan as a case study. The research investigates how Uzbekistan is perceived by its residents in Samarkand and non-visitors in Germany, employing a mixed-method approach of surveys, focus group discussions, and observations. Findings reveal a significant divergence between the positive self-perception of residents and the often unclear or negative image held by non-visitors. The study underscores the influence of stereotypes on non-visitors' perceptions and the need for targeted marketing to bridge the gap between RDI and TDI to unlock the country's untapped tourism potential. The results suggest that enhancing the destination's image through informed marketing strategies can attract more international tourists and support the country's tourism development.

The role of economic freedom in the development of international tourism in Asian countries

Purpose ― This paper aims to investigate the influence of economic freedom and its components, namely business freedom and trade freedom, on international tourist arrivals in Asian countries. Additionally, it examines the effect of important macroeconomic factors, such as foreign direct investment, exchange rates, political stability, GDP per capita, and inflation on international tourist arrivals in Asian countries.Methods ― The GMM two-step estimation system is used to analyze data from 25 Asian countries from 1995 to 2020.Findings ― The results show that economic and trade freedom positively influence tourism, while business freedom has a less distinct impact. Inflation positively contributes to tourist arrivals. Exchange rates and political stability show inconclusive effects.Implications ― The study recommends that governments prioritize expanding economic freedom to boost international tourism.Originality ― This is the first study on the impact of economic freedom on developing international tourism in Asian countries.

Assessing the extent to which small enterprises, inclusive of emerging black businesses engage in service dominant logic practices

This study is aims to assess the extent to which small enterprises engage in service dominant logic practices. In this study, data was quantitatively collected from 144 service providers of the game and nature reserves in Mpumalanga. The findings revealed a strong positive relationship between the effectiveness of using ICT and the extent to which small enterprises engage in service dominant logic practices. These findings suggest that the use of ICT technologies has a positive effect on the extent to which small businesses engage in service dominant logic practices. The limitation is that this current study is only limited to the tourism industry, in that sense it cannot be generalized to other industries.This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by assessing the extent to which small enterprises engage in service dominant logic practices. Through the co-creation of value, these small businesses can be sustained. Collaborative relationships between small businesses and dominant firms can enhance the small part that black entrepreneurs now play in the country's tourism industry. By means of value co-creation, major corporations have the ability to offer small and medium-sized companies (SMMEs) both entrepreneurial experience and skill training

Tren Pariwisata Backpacker di Asia Tenggara

The backpacker tourism trend in Southeast Asia has grown rapidly in the past few decades, with Thailand becoming one of the top destinations for budget travelers. This study aims to identify the factors that make Thailand a favorite destination for backpackers in the region. The research methodology involves literature analysis, interviews with backpackers, and tourism statistics. The results show that the combination of natural beauty, cultural diversity, affordable cost of living, good tourism infrastructure, and easy access to various attractions are the main factors that attract backpackers. In addition, Thailand's image as a friendly, safe, and open country for foreign tourists also contributes to its popularity. The study also compares Thailand with its neighboring countries such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia to understand Thailand's competitive advantages. The findings provide insights for the government and tourism industry players in developing sustainable strategies to maintain and enhance the attractiveness of the destination for the backpacker tourist segment

Destination-Country Image of Türkiye from Perspectives of American Non-Visitors

The significance of images in advertising, promoting, attracting tourists for destinations, and influencing their future behavioral intentions is widely acknowledged concept. In recent years, destination-country image research has gained momentum. This article seeks to evaluate how Türkiye (the fourth most visited country in the world) is perceived as a travel destination by American non-visitors. The focus on American non-visitors in this study is significant because Americans represent the largest group of international travelers globally. This demographic offers valuable insights for understanding potential tourism markets for Türkiye. By analyzing how American non-visitors perceive Türkiye, the study aims to enhance the country's tourism strategies, especially in a highly competitive global market. Their perceptions influence their likelihood to visit, making it crucial for tourism managers to tailor marketing campaigns to shift these non-visitors' views toward a more favorable image of Türkiye. The sample included potential tourists who have never visited Türkiye, also known as non-visitors. Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between how potential visitors view the destination country and their intentions to travel there. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a widely used online research platform, gathered the data for this study. Data were obtained through a survey from a total of 302 non-visitors by conducting convenience sampling method. We employ PLS-SEM, a variance-based methodology, analyze the data set. After the analysis, we validated all proposed hypotheses. Therefore, the cognitive and emotional images have an impact on each other. There is a statistically significant and positive link between the affective image and overall and the cognitive image and overall (β = 0.354, p<0.001; β = 0.258, p<0.001, respectively). In addition, there were strong and positive links between visit intention and both affective image (β = 0.262, p<0.001) and cognitive image (β = 0.168, p<0.001). The cognitive and emotional components of an image have a significant impact on general image perception. The current study validates that both the general image and its elements positively influence non-visitors' visit intentions. The study concludes by presenting the management and theoretical consequences.

Illiberal Jewish-Christian Encounters: Political Temporalities in Amish Country Tourism

ABSTRACT Increasing numbers of ultra-Orthodox Jews are flocking to Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, to participate in Amish country tourism and to consume kosher dairy products, sometimes produced through economic collaborations between Orthodox Jews and local Amish/Mennonite farmers. Through an ethnographic examination of these phenomena, we demonstrate how Amish tourism fosters illiberal interreligious encounters among the triangle of ultra-Orthodox Jewish tourists, Amish/Mennonite farmers, and Christian tour guide mediators. Whereas historically tourism to the Amish was driven by white nostalgic longings for a European peasant past and the American frontier, Orthodox Jews project a nostalgic vision of the Eastern European shtetl onto the Amish and their dairy products. We borrow the concept of political temporalities (Little 2022) to explore an illiberal political temporality formed by the encounter among illiberal religious groups in a recreational tourist setting. Despite nostalgic projections, these religious groups converged over their visions of an American religious present and future.

Pola Promosi Destinasi Wisata Nusantara Melalui Words Of Mouth Marketing Dalam Akun Instagram Spektakel.id

This research aims to know the pattern of promotion of tourist destinations the archipelago through word of mouth marketing in social media. The use of Social Media in tourism is that can not terelakan again, even large countries tourism has account Instagram for branding, it describes that the effect social media for tourism branding so powerful. This encourages the birth of account instagram @spektakel.id. Word of Mouth Marketing is very important to introduce a brand to be discussed positively by the market being a target. The methods used in this research is qualitative, descriptive methods. The study also uses interviews with resource Admin account Instagram @spektakel.id, Word of Mouth Marketing expert and one of the followers. Elements of Word of Mouth Marketing that is used in this research was the talker, topic, tools, take a part, track and timing. Based on the results of research and discussion, Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be known that word of mouth marketing strategies used by account Instagram @spektakel.id managed to get people interested to follow the account of these and become Instagram talks by people a lot more and make known the archipelago and tourist destinations and crowded.

Impact of the colour perception of graphic design on promoting tourist destinations of Southeast Europe

Graphic design plays a crucial role in branding and marketing in the current digital era. Digital marketing impacts the promotion of tourist destinations. Tourism has become an important and growing sector that has influenced the development of a country's economy. Colour as an element of graphic design evokes emotions and sets a certain mood for an image or graphic. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of colour perception in graphic design in promoting tourist destinations of Southeast Europe (SEE). We aim to explore the relationship between graphic design and the tourism industry in SEE countries, focusing on their tourism logos and slogans for advertising their tourist destinations. The analysis of the main characteristics of logos and slogans shows that they can be effective tools for promoting and supporting tourism in countries in the SEE region. It was observed that there is compatibility between the colours used in the logo and the country flag in 64% of the tourism logos of SEE countries. The colour green is the most commonly used colour in logo design.

Economic Impact of Halal Tourism in non-Muslim Majority Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Singapore, Thailand, and the UK

Purpose: This study examines the economic contribution of halal tourism to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Singapore, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, highlighting the significance of this market segment in non-Muslim majority countries.Method: Employing a quantitative research approach, the study utilizes multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationship between halal tourism variables (tourist expenditure, tourist arrivals, and policy implementation) and GDP. Data were collected from national tourism boards, government statistics, and relevant reports, with separate analyses conducted for each country to ensure a nuanced understanding.Result: The findings reveal a significant positive impact of halal tourism on GDP in all three countries. In Singapore, tourist expenditure and arrivals, supported by robust halal-friendly policies, substantially contribute to economic growth. Thailand shows similar positive effects, with significant contributions from tourist expenditure and policy implementation. The United Kingdom also benefits economically from halal tourism, particularly through increased tourist expenditure and the implementation of Muslim-friendly policies.Practical Implications for Economic Growth and Development: The study indicates that non-Muslim majority countries like Singapore, Thailand, and the United Kingdom can enhance their GDP by actively promoting and supporting halal tourism through targeted policies and infrastructure that cater to Muslim travelers.

Enhancing Tourism Sustainability of Archipelago Countries: A Bibliometric Exploration of the Triple Helix Concept

This study employs a comprehensive bibliometric approach to unravel the intricate economic, ecological, and social linkages in sustainable tourism within archipelago countries. Utilizing bibliographic methodologies, the research endeavours to map the literature related to this specified theme, with Scopus serving as the primary data source. The VOS-viewer analysis tool is employed to delineate and characterize the identified keywords. A total of 1,380 documents related to the research theme were meticulously gathered, with the study specifically limiting the recorded country areas to selected archipelago countries. Authorship analysis spotlights Hall C.M. as the foremost contributor based on the analyzed sample data, and the literature journal "Governance, the State and Sustainable Tourism: A Political Economy Approach" emerges as the most-cited publication. The United Kingdom takes centre stage as the primary contributor among countries. At the same time, the School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University, Sweden, stands out as the institution making the most substantial contribution to publications concerning the economic, ecological, and social linkages of sustainable tourism in archipelago countries. This study significantly contributes to the mapping of literature on economic, ecological, and social interconnections, providing valuable insights into sustainable tourism in archipelago countries over the past 12 years.

Does digital economy help reduce carbon emissions from tourism? Evidence from China

ABSTRACT In the context of global warming and the continued expansion of tourism, the issue of carbon emissions from tourism (CET) has become more prominent. Development of the digital economy provides a new opportunity to reduce CET. Using data from 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2020, this study examines the direct effect of the digital economy on CET by employing the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). An intermediate effects model is applied to explore its indirect transmission mechanism, and some heterogeneity is analyzed. The results indicate that digital economy plays a significant role in reducing CET. Energy structure, environmental governance and technological innovation are three important channels for the digital economy to influence CET. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that digital economy has a more pronounced decarbonisation effect in the eastern and central regions, while it is not significant in the western region. And the decarbonisation performance of the digital economy is enhanced in regions with an easier financial environment and more developed pollution abatement facilities. This study offers a theoretical and practical foundation for the low-carbon development of China’'s tourism industry. It also provides insights into the sustainable development of tourism in other countries.

Assessment of universities that provide education in the field of health tourism in Türkiye in the light of current data

Introduction: Health tourism, defined as travels aimed to improve the physical and mental health of individuals, is growing day by day in parallel with developing technology and transportation. Factors influencing the preference of Türkiye in health tourism include cost, tourism opportunities, and cultural characteristics, as well as health facilities, staff, doctors, and the quality level of service. Due to the focus of human health, the service delivery which is very sensitive should be carried out by qualified workforce. With their role in protecting patients from unnecessary tests and treatments and facilitating effective participation in clinical decision-making processes, family physicians are also involved in the health tourism process and advocate. It is aimed to improve the service provision both qualitatively and quantitatively to meet the predicted increase in the health tourism sector in our country. In line with the realization of these goals, education and training activities offered by higher education institutions come into prominence. It’s aimed in our study to quantitatively investigate the adequacy of education in the field of health tourism in our country and to assess it in light of current data. Methods: The data of the cross-sectional and descriptive study were collected during the 2023-2024 academic years. Education programs and the number of students in the field of health tourism between 2018-2023 at 18 institutions under the Council of Higher Education (YOK) and The Measuring, Selection and Placement Center (OSYM) were examined. Obtained data were brought together with health tourism data published by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), the International Health Services Inc. (USHAS), and the Association of Turkish Travel Agencies (TURSAB). Results: In Türkiye, for the first time in 2014, associate degree education started to be provided in the " Health Tourism Business" department within the Vocational School. This department, which is available in 9 universities today, has the highest percentage among associate degree preferences. Master's degree program level trainings in health tourism continue in 9 universities across 3 different departments: "Health Tourism", " Health Tourism Business " and "Health Tourism Management". Doctoral level education is provided in 1 university in the department of "Health Tourism". It is observed that the number of students and graduates enrolled in education programs in the field of health tourism is increasing every year. On the other hand, there is still no undergraduate program in this field in Türkiye. According to the data published by TUIK and USHAS, the number of visitors coming to our country for health tourism and the value of income is increasing every year. On the contrary, the number of students and graduates has not increased at the same rate in recent years. Conclusions: The number of programs and quotas in the field of health tourism opened in universities is gradually increasing. However, when evaluated together with the increase in the number of visitors coming to our country for health tourism over the years, it has been revealed that the number of qualified staff trained to meet the increasing need is still not at the desired level.

Tourism development and carbon emissions in sub-Saharan African countries: is there an inverted U-shaped relationship?

ABSTRACT In this study, we examine the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between tourism and carbon emissions in 29 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using data from 1995 to 2019. Departing from the previous studies, we have also grouped SSA countries into low- and middleincome countries, thereby estimating three panels. We have used a wide range of panel estimation techniques to examine this linkage, including the dynamic common-correlated effects (DCCE), the Driscoll-Kraay estimators, and the fully-modified OLS (FMOLS). Our results show that the relationship between tourism and carbon emissions depends largely on the estimation technique used and the level of income of the individual countries. Overall, we can conclude that there is primafacie evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between tourism and carbon emissions in middle-income countries and all SSA countries combined, but not in low-income countries. This means that the perceived adverse effects of tourism expansion on environmental pollution may only be experienced in the early stages of tourism development and that as the tourism sector develops, tourism is likely to promote energy conservation through sustainable tourism or green tourism, thereby leading to a reduction in carbon emissions. Policy implications are discussed.

Analyzing intelligent tourism development and public services based on a fuzzy genetic hybrid system to promote environmental and cultural values.

Environmental, cultural, and public service-dependent factors encourage the development of a country's tourism. In recent years, automated tourism development using statistical and accumulated data has been exploited to recommend attractive tourist features. This article thus discloses an intelligent development assessment method (IDAM) using cumulative factors (CFs) for deriving development-focused improvement in tourism. This method accounts for public services and environmental and cultural factors that promote tourism for better assessment. The fuzzy process identifies the maximum possible impacting factors by independently evaluating the reviewed values. Based on the reviewed values, the manipulation of factor relationships is derived to identify even trivial factors impacting development. The fuzzy outputs are thus integrated with optimistically impacting development factors to provide attractive recommendations. Such recommendations are analyzed using fuzzy data for previous and current development factors for new decisions. The system's efficiency was evaluated using the recommendation ratio, ensuring a 48.58% success rate, a development rate of 0.105%, a 4-factor detection rate, and a review-based assessment rate of 55.5% for a sample size of 5,000 visitors.

DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES A WINE TOURISM – THE CASE STUDY OF THE STATE ENTERPRISE QUALITY WINES INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX „MILEȘTII MICI”

Wine tourism in the Republic of Moldova occupies an important segment in the country's tourism. Investments in wineries and the state's initiative to register the Republic of Moldova on the map of European wine tourism have led to the creation of itineraries that allow visiting numerous domains and wineries. Moldovan wine products are in demand on the EU market, which contributes to the sustainable development of both the wine sector and wine tourism. This article represents a research of the difficulties and possibilities of development of the wine tourism activity in order to discover the solutions and ways of development of the wine tourism in the Republic of Moldova. The topic is current and needs to be researched. The purpose of the present scientific investigation is to research the wine tourism activity of „Mileștii Mici” Winery, the largest underground winery in the Republic of Moldova, in order to identify development obstacles and ways to overcome them. The present study was carried out based on the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, grouping, etc. The authors' contribution consists in the presentation, calculation and analysis of the main indicators regarding the volume of tourist activity, the evaluation of the performance, competition, risk and tourist potential of the „Mileștii Mici” Winery and the development of recommendations regarding the promotion of its tourist activity.

Revisiting the Policy Implications of Medical Tourism in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic From a Malaysian Perspective: A Qualitative Study.

Background Malaysia has been one of the most prominent destination countries for medical tourism. The industry received significant government support to create a conducive environment for its growth, such as the provision of an investment tax allowance for the facilities participating in medical tourism and the establishment of the Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council (MHTC) to coordinate collaboration between various industry stakeholders to promote medical tourism activities at the international level and facilitate inbound medical tourists. The establishment of the MHTC facilitates collaboration between various industry stakeholders. In addition to facilitating medical tourism activities, MHTC is also involved in analysing relevant data, including but not limited to the socio-demography of medical tourists, the trend of their healthcare service utilisation, revenue generated, and market intelligence to promote the industry's growth. The council serves as a medium to facilitate the collaboration of stakeholders such as the hospitals participating in medical tourism, the Association of Private Hospitals Malaysia, the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health, and various government agencies, including the Ministry of Health and the Department of Immigration, Malaysia. We explore the policy-related implications of medical tourism and its relationship with the Malaysian national healthcare system. Methodology We revisited Pocock and Phua's conceptual framework of policy implications for medical tourism to explore its relevance after more than a decade of intensive government support and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. We employed a qualitative case study design using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with stakeholders from the Ministry of Health Malaysia, the private health sector, professional bodies, academics, and health-related civil society organisations. Results Our study found that many issues identified in the original framework remain relevant after over a decade. However, we also identified additional implications, such as the role of insurance portability in encouraging the growth of international hospital accreditation and the issue of equitable access to healthcare within the context of the current Malaysian healthcare system in the aftermath of COVID-19. Conclusion Due to its vulnerability, there is a need to develop a strategic collaboration that includes incorporating medical tourism activities into a broader framework, such as promoting aged care within the retirement destinations package for expatriates, which could ensure its sustainability instead of relying solely on medical tourism activities. In the meantime, policy implications arising from the industry remain relevant and should be addressed through a comprehensive structural reform of the national healthcare system involving stakeholders from the public and private health sectors.

Solidarity tourism in the humanitarian crisis

This article examines the contribution of solidarity tourism in war-affected countries, specifically Ukraine. It presents activities undertaken as part of solidarity tourism in Ukraine and Poland with the intent to help overcome the crisis caused by the armed conflict. The research methods were secondary data analysis and participant observation. Results show what actions were taken "from above" at the government level in Ukraine and Poland and actions taken "from below" in social activities. The new knowledge brings new light to the perception of tourism as a tool for sustainable social development and can provide examples of good practices for other countries and regions.

Does Tourism Opportunity or Threat to Green Economıc Growth Evidence From The Top 10 Countries

The aim of the study is to examine the impact of tourism on green economic growth in the top 10 countries in international tourism (USA, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Spain, UK, Italy, Greece, Mexico) using panel data analysis method for the period 2010-2022. In the study, control variables (energy and financial development variables) were used in addition to the tourism variable. This context, four models have been created. According to the findings, an increase in international tourism numbers reduces green growth. The variables of renewable energy and financial institutions are statistically insignificant; but the variables of fossil energy and financial markets have significant effects on green economic growth, with fossil energy having a negative impact and financial markets having a positive impact. It is expected that this study will contribute to the literature by being one of the first studies to examine the impact of work tourism on green economic growth.

COMPETITIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ACCORDING TO OECD

This paper investigates the potential applicability of OECD competitiveness and sustainability indicators of tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis assesses the current state of the country's tourism industry and identifies areas that require significant improvement to enhance competitiveness compared to other Western Balkan countries. This comprehensive study covers all relevant data necessary to measure the OECD indicators. Based on the research conducted, it was found that Bosnia and Herzegovina does not adequately monitor the competitiveness of its tourism industry. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate that the political-territorial structure of the country presents the main challenge in achieving a competitive and sustainable tourism industry.

Tourism Competitiveness and Mobile Data: A Grey Relational Analysis for European Entrepreneurship Pre & During Pandemic

Abstract The tourism country’s competitiveness is important especially when countries strive for bigger market shares as European countries are. The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on tourism and the entire tourism industry must be rethinking and reshaping given some opportunities and challenges to the entrepreneurs, local communities, local administrations, governments of competitiveness destinations. In this paper we measured if the Google and Apple mobility indices cand predict (or not) the movement of TTCI during pandemic compared with pre-pandemic TTCI ranks by using grey system theory and statistical methods. The aim of the paper is to validate the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) as identifier of the good predictor (statistically significant for p-value< 0.05) for European tourism competitiveness (measured by TTCI) in particular conditions, especially before and during COVID-19 pandemic time by take into consideration the Google Mobility and Apple Mobility data and their relationship with overnight stays for 11 European countries. To validate the GRA as method for good and accurate predictor for tourism competitiveness for TTCI 2021 (during COVID-19 pandemic time) a GLM – General Linear Model ANOVA with interaction effects and Tukey HSD Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons was applied. Our results validated the powerful of GRA for tourism competitiveness, statistically significant according to GLM with interaction effects, and emphasis (especially for entrepreneurs) that the overnight stays will give the right rank on top of tourism competitiveness, prior to other ITC support as Google and Apple Mobility indices proved by reflection of overnights on TTCI 2021 – during pandemic.