Socio-economic Development Of Country Research Articles

Microenterprises’ Ability to Repay Debt. Do Saving Literacy and Knowledge Transfer Matter?

The transfer of knowledge is critical for a company to expand and transform. Regarding a country's socioeconomic development, micro-enterprises are crucial for creating employment opportunities and reducing poverty. However, micro-enterprises ability to repay their debts is influenced by various factors, with saving literacy and knowledge transfer being essential components in enhancing their repayment capacity. To address the knowledge transfer gap, this study examined the factors affecting the ability of Malaysian micro-enterprises to repay their debts, including financial management, with data collected from 127 micro-enterprises in Klang Valley. The study utilized the PLS-SEM technique to analyze the data and test hypotheses to achieve research objectives, with the results showing that saving literacy and the role of knowledge transfer as a mediator positively impact micro-enterprises' ability to repay their debts. This article also provides recommendations for the growth of Malaysia's micro-enterprise sector and suggests the need for additional research in this area.

L’égalité d’accès à l’enseignement supérieur dans les universités marocaines : défis et stratégies

This article examines the challenges and potential strategies for ensuring equitable access to higher education in Moroccan universities. It addresses how these strategies can contribute to the country's socio-economic development by improving inclusion. The first part identifies the main challenges faced by Moroccan universities, including regional disparities, funding, and socio-cultural barriers to education. The second part proposes improvement strategies such as increasing investments in educational infrastructure, implementing inclusive policies, and adopting modern educational technologies. The third part assesses the potential impact of these strategies on Morocco's socio-economic development, focusing on promoting educational equity and excellence. The discussions and results underscore the importance of inclusive and adapted educational policies to foster a more equitable and prosperous Moroccan society. This study contributes to the literature on higher education in Morocco and offers perspectives for future research.

TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE YOUNG HUMAN FACTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF THE WORKFORCE

International migration of the workforce has become a global challenge and is constantly in the spotlight of the world community. Since ancient times, humanity has been on the move. Some people move in search of jobs or economic opportunities, others to join family or to study. Others migrate in response to the negative effects of climate change, natural disasters or environmental factors. Among migration phenomena, an essential role is held by the migration of the young human factor. Today, it is estimated that the number of young people, i.e. people aged between 15 and 24, is around 1.3 billion and account for 15.5 per cent of the global population. (UN, 2020). Migration in general, and that of young people in particular, is one of the current challenges for the developing countries, including the Republic of Moldova. The increasing migration of young people concerns the authorities and civil society, given its effects on the country's human potential and socio-economic development. In this article we aim to study the current trends of the migration process, in particular to address the motivation of young people in Moldova to migrate in order to study abroad.

The scientific standing of nations and its relationship with economic competitiveness.

In the current knowledge-based economy, the abilities of the national research system are a key driver of the country's competitiveness and socio-economic development. This paper compares the scientific standing of the OECD countries and eight other relevant economies. We use a bibliometric indicator of research performance, applied first at the individual level. This approach avoids the distortions of the aggregate-level analyses extant in literature and practice, which overlook the different publication intensities across research fields. We find a strong correlation between research performance and the economic competitiveness of nations and a moderate but significant correlation between research performance and the propensity to spend on research.

Migration mobility of the population of South Asiа: On the example of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan

The countries of South Asia are among the most densely populated on the planet. Active migration processes are observed in the region, which have an impact on the socio-economic development of countries. The statistical data and reports of the International Organization for Migration of the United Nations served as an empirical basis for studying the migration mobility of the population of the countries of South Asia. The study is based on information on the structure of emigration and immigration of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan in absolute and relative terms. For greater clarity, a cartographic method was used: author’s maps were created that reflect the specifics of migration processes in the countries of South Asia in terms of absolute and relative indicators. The scientific base concerning economic and social development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan is systematized. The study revealed the specifics of migration flows in the countries of the region on the basis of statistical information on the emigration and immigration of citizens, calculated in absolute and relative terms. The factors influencing the migration mobility of the population are revealed. A retrospective analysis of migration processes in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan was carried out to identify similar and different features in their history that continue to influence the current migration processes taking place in the region. The reasons for the popularity of India among migrants from neighboring countries of South Asia are substantiated. The influence of the heritage of British India on modern interstate processes in South Asia is shown. The differentiation of intraregional and interregional migration flows in South Asia is analyzed. An assessment is made of the impact of migration processes on the socio-economic development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The characteristics of the current features in the migration situation in the countries of South Asia are formulated.

Analysis of Migrational Trends in the Context of Formation of Georgian Labor Market and Economic Development

Georgia's participation in global migration processes has increased substantially in recent years. The significance of migration in the socioeconomic, cultural, political, and demographic aspects of the nation is growing. Effective migration management is one of the prerequisites for assuring the security and long-term stability of the nation. It is also an essential tool for reapprochement with the European Union and contributes to the country's socioeconomic development by maximizing the potential of migration. For this reason, proper planning of migration policy and continuous development of its management effectiveness is one of the Government of Georgia's top priorities, and its study is even more pertinent at the present time. The purpose of the study is to analyze migrational trends within the context of the formation of Georgian labor market and the growth of the economy, as well as to determine future prospects. Based on the purpose of the research, the main research objectives and hypotheses can be formulated as follows: 1. Analysis of migrational trends; 2. Characterization of the causes of migration; 3 Assessment of the impact of migration on the formation of the Georgian labor market and the development of the economy. The methodological foundation of the work is economic science research; Georgian and foreign language scientific articles, papers, and studies are used; and the research material is founded on National Statistics Service data. In the research, qualitative and statistical methodologies are employed. This research focuses primarily on data acquisition, comparison, evaluation, and analysis. Finally, the results and conclusions of the research can be used in higher education institutions as a guide material, and it will significantly help various institutions in working out the adequate issues of defining and realizing the country's economic development course. Key words: Modern migrational trends, Migrational challenges, Exporting-importing countries, Migration factors, Migration policy.

Hurdles to handicraft marketing for artisan entrepreneurs in an emerging economy

PurposeCrafts embody the history and heritage of their country of origin and can play an essential role in the country's socioeconomic development by providing significant job opportunities for the rural population. This article investigates the significant challenges that artisan entrepreneurs face when creating, communicating and selling handcrafted goods to potential customers in emerging economies. This study attempted to rate the impediments based on their severity using the voices of artisan entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-method approach combining qualitative and quantitative data analysis was followed to identify the leading causes of the artisans' pain points. In the first phase, empirical observations were gathered through focus group discussions with artisan entrepreneurs, and the identified factors were quantitatively ranked using the analytic hierarchy process in the second phase.FindingsThe mixed-method research assisted in identifying the primary constraints affecting the efficient and effective operation of the artisan-driven small handicraft business. This study identified six factors that were ranked based on the voices of artisan entrepreneurs during the survey, as barriers to effective handicraft marketing.Originality/valueFew studies on the handcraft industry have sought to explore the issues faced by artisan businesses holistically. The voices of artisan entrepreneurs were gathered for this study to identify and rate the present obstacles influencing the functioning of small handicraft firms in emerging nations. Handicraft marketing will become more effective and efficient if these barriers are removed.

Digital gender gaps in Students’ knowledge, attitudes and skills: an integrative data analysis across 32 Countries

The digital gender divide is one of the most critical issues in education today. Digital gender gaps can exist in students’ access to and use of ICT, attitudes toward technology, and digital knowledge and skills. However, previous research has primarily examined these divides in isolation and largely ignored their interdependencies. Using student data from the 2013 and 2018 International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS), this study examines how these gaps are related. Specifically, we synthesize evidence on gender gaps in digital knowledge and skills, controlling for differences in ICT access and technology attitudes. In addition, we examine the role that technology attitudes play in the gender gap in digital knowledge and skills. Our findings suggest that (a) girls outperform boys in digital knowledge and skills (upbeta = -0.11 to -0.29); (b) gender differences in attitudes toward technology partially explain gender differences in digital knowledge and skills; (c) the variability within and between countries in the gender gap in students' digital skills is partly explained by the type of digital skill and the country's socio-economic development and gender inequality. Overall, this research shows a relationship between the gender gaps in students’ digital knowledge and skills and the gender gaps in students’ attitudes toward technology. We conclude that the first- and second-level gender digital divides are connected.

CULTURAL TOURISM IN INDONESIA: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

This systematic literature review, based on 33 studies from the Scopus database, explores the dynamic landscape of cultural tourism in Indonesia, a sector that plays a vital role in the country's socio-economic development. The analysis identifies several key antecedents affecting tourist experience and satisfaction, such as destination image and promotion, heritage preservation, crisis and disaster management, and local product promotion. Despite the wealth of research in the area, gaps and contradictions persist, making it challenging to develop a holistic understanding of the complex interplay of factors that influence revisit intention. This study addresses this concern by examining the potential moderating effects of contextual factors, such as destination type, tourist demographics, cultural background, seasonality, and technology, on the relationships between antecedents, mediators (tourist experience and satisfaction), and revisit intention. The review reveals that accounting for these contextual factors enhances our understanding of the intricacies involved in shaping tourists' decisions to revisit a destination, ultimately contributing to the sustainable growth of the tourism sector in Indonesia. By integrating these findings into tourism management and promotion strategies, stakeholders can better cater to the diverse needs and preferences of tourists, fostering increased satisfaction and repeat visitation.

The current state and the mechanism of the transformation of the EsG agenda by Russian companies. Part 1

Purpose: is to develop the mechanism of the ESG transformation of Russian companies based on a critical assessment of the evolution and modern implementation of the ESG agenda in Russia.The first part of the work presents the solution of the following research tasks: to identify the key drivers for the formation of the ESG agenda in Russia and present an assessment of its implementation by Russian companies.Methods: the study is based on the application of a set of the methods, including: theoretical analysis applied to the study and systematization of scientific publications; empirical analysis and statistical method required for quantitative and qualitative analysis of ESG characteristics; the retrospective method for determining the evolution of the ESG agenda and its trends.Results: conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the phenomena of ESG and sustainable development, which have a common generic basis with corporate social responsibility, are outlined. The growing interest of Russian business in the ESG agenda has been identified and substantiated, and the drivers for its development have been identified. The experience and motives for the implementation of the ESG agenda are analyzed, the factors influencing the level of maturity of the ESG practices of Russian companies are identified.Conclusions and Relevance: the relevance of the ESG agenda in Russia is determined by its association with the values of the country's socio-economic development, regardless of the unprecedented geo-economic confrontation and the threats to sustainable development generated by it. Drivers for the implementation of the ESG agenda are regulators and authorities, shareholders and investors, the board of directors and top management of companies; the influence of civil society is insignificant. The motives for implementing ESG requirements in business processes are related to strengthening the brand and increasing business reputation. The level of maturity of ESG practices depends on the company's industry affiliation, business size, investment needs: the best ESG practices are demonstrated by the mining and metallurgical industries, the largest business and companies with high investment needs. A deep awareness of the need for ESG transformation by stakeholders seeking to achieve social and environmental well-being, stability of economic development becomes a trigger for the sustainable development of economic systems.

Migration Impact on the Labour Market and Economic Activity of Kazakhstan

This study examines the relationship between migration (M), economic activity (EA), and the labour market (LM) in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2000 to 2022. The research comprises three stages, namely indicator selection, data analysis, and correlation-regression analysis. The study hypotheses propose that migration has a notably adverse influence on both the labor market and economic activity. Secondary data from the World Bank and the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan were employed, covering the years 2000 to 2022. The chosen variables encompass migration growth, GDP, labor productivity, investment in fixed assets, real wages, and unemployment rates. The research includes three latent variables: migration (M), economic activity (EA), and the labor market (LM). The measurement models for these variables show acceptable to high reliability, suggesting a sufficient association between the included variables. Regression analysis reveals a significant negative impact of migration on both economic activity and the labour market. Migration can significantly influence economic activity, unemployment rate, and real wages. The findings support the hypotheses, indicating positive economic indicators and the country's socio-economic development trends. These results are valuable for understanding population dynamics and the potential impact of migration on the economy and social processes in Kazakhstan. Overall, the study provides insights into the relationships between migration, economic activity, and the labour market, highlighting the importance of these factors in shaping the country's development.

APPLICATION OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

Implementing measures to increase the economic security of strategically essential branches of the national economy is necessary to support the stability of regions and the national economy. Management at all levels should contribute to preventing the occurrence of critical externalities in the macroeconomic environment that can lead to negative consequences in the context of ensuring the country's socio-economic development. The fundamental nature of achieving a high level of long-term economic security is identifying key determinants capable of identifying and eliminating potential threats. It is essential to emphasize the need to support the country's food security and the conceptual provisions that must be reviewed concerning global processes such as food embargo, geopolitical confrontation, etc. Modern agriculture is in a difficult situation, and the economic condition of the entire agro-industrial complex requires the search for solutions to the problems of permanent development of each enterprise, considering the development of long-term economic security. Searching for ways to form more favorable ways of functioning is a strategic direction of economic policy at all levels of management. It requires several global measures to support agribusiness enterprises' current, medium-term, and long-term efficiency. Economic security of the agricultural sector as an economic category has a complex multi-level system structure: food; ecological safety; biological (resource); financial and credit; social; inventory management; social indicators; insurance provision; state regulation; agricultural cooperation; monitoring; agricultural information; agriculture and animal husbandry; cars; population employment; trade; wholesale food markets; scientific support. The system of full-fledged economic security of enterprises of the agrarian sector involves the development of its effective organizational and functional structure, which may include the scientific theory of economic security of the agrarian sector, the concept of food security, food policy, state, and public institutions that ensure economic security, organizational and economic mechanism, indicators and indicators of economic security, monitoring of the actual state of economic security of the agrarian sector.

Level and Trend of Child Health and Nutrition Status in Nepal: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey (1996-2016).

Child health and nutrition are key indicators of the country's socioeconomic development and quality of life. The purpose of the paper was to examine the level, trend, and socio-demographic differences of selected child health and nutrition indicators and to provide policy recommendations for improvement. Desk review was conducted to compile secondary information on child health and nutrition status published in the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey reports prepared by Ministry of Health and Population from 1996 to 2016. Trend lines, bar diagram, and GIS maps were prepared to study and present the findings. A substantial decrease in under-five mortality, from 118 to 39 (67% point decline) and neonatal mortality, from 50 to 21 (58% point decline) deaths per 1000 live births, was noted between 1996 and 2016. Full immunization coverage decreased from 87% in 2011 to 78% in 2016. 36% of children under the age of five were stunted, 25% were underweight, and 10% were wasted in 2016. Boys were more likely to receive treatment for diarrhoea (72%), compared to girls (56%). The majority of the children (74%) had their acute respiratory infections managed at private medical centers. Child health and nutritional status differed by geographic regions, being better in Gandaki and Bagmati and poor in Karnali and Madesh. Overall health and nutrition status of children were better among educated, and wealthier families. To further reduce childhood mortality and reach the targets for the Sustainable Development Goal, targeted interventions must be implemented to improve immunization coverage plus health and nutritional status among disadvantaged populations.

Խոշոր հարկ վճարողների հարկման խնդիրները Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում

The role of tax policy and the tax system is significant in the country's socio-economic development. About 95% of the revenues of the state budget of the Republic of Armenia are provided by tax revenues and state duties, and large taxpayers provide more than 70% of tax revenues. Therefore, from the point of view of the implementation of tax reforms, particular importance is attached to improving the mechanisms for taxing large taxpayers. Based on the analysis of taxes paid by 1000 large taxpayers of the Republic of Armenia for 2016-2021, problems in the sector were identified. In particular, the number of organizations paying taxes of more than 1 billion drams and from 500 million drams to 1 billion drams is increasing from year to year; however, there is no significant change in the amount of tax revenues paid by one organization on average. The small share of direct taxes in tax revenue paid by the top 1,000 taxpayers has been declining in recent years, which means that indirect taxes increase tax volumes.

CORRELATION-REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS IN GEORGIA

Strengthening the vocational education system is one of the fundamental issues of the sustainable development of the country's economy. At the same time, vocational education is an important element of productivity growth. The economic competitiveness of the country significantly depends on the qualified labor force. At the same time, the skills and competencies of the professional workforce depend on the level of development of the education system, sustainability and quality of learning. In the modern competitive environment, vocational schools must have graduates who will be highly-educated, qualified and motivated workers, as the vocational education graduate is considered as an important factor of the country’s development. Vocational education can play an important role in the country's socio-economic development and poverty reduction. Qualitative vocational education contributes to the sustainable and inclusive development of the economy, strengthening human capital, reducing unemployment, introducing innovations and increasing competitiveness, social inclusion and raising the well-being of the population. Keywords: Vocational education, Correlation-regression analysis, Forecast, GDP.

FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES OF STUDENTS OF THE SPECIALTY "ECOLOGY"

The current state of the country's socio-economic development directs modern education to the formation and development of competencies in the subjects of the educational process. After all, society needs competent specialists in the relevant spheres of activity, competitive on the labor market The formation of professional competences in the students of the specialty "Ecology" should be aimed at training specialists with a deep understanding of the principles of ecological science, able to analyze environmental problems and develop rational solutions for solving them.
 The current state of the natural environment and the trends in solving environmental problems at the regional and national levels, including in the Poltava region, put new tasks in the field of staffing the important ecological sphere with specialists of a new generation capable of ensuring the preservation, reproduction and rational use of natural resources and technologies of industrial and agricultural production. One of the real and productive sources of providing the professional field with such specialists is university education in the field of "Ecology" training, which provides for the training of highly qualified personnel in the field.
 In connection with the manifestations of the components of the ecological crisis in the Poltava region, ecological troubles, the need to preserve natural complexes and their components, optimization of the regional nature reserve network, the development of a regional eco-network, the implementation of environmental and educational activities among various population groups, there was an urgent need for the training of specialists Department of "Ecology" on the basis of V.G. Korolenko Poltava national pedagogical university.

Business to Business Relationship in Micro Manufacturing Industry– A Case Study

Purpose: Asia’s Micro manufacturing Industry confined to MSMEs are playing a vital role in self-employment and socio-economic development of country and is anticipated to grow more quickly. While presenting a broad overview of the B2B Relationship, this study analyses the possible growth opportunities for the micro manufacturing industry. Learn more about a few factors that will be important for the future development of the Indian micro manufacturing sector. To have a better understanding of the market, a SWOC study is conducted. In this analysis, we found that India's emerging micro manufacturing industry will experience rapid growth in the years to come. India's manufacturing industry has the potential to be worth US$ 1 trillion by 2025, and the country is anticipated to be one of the top three emerging economies. Design/Methodology/Approach: The circumstance of the case adds to the SWOC analysis of the present Micro manufacturing Industry. The study is based on secondary data from books, case studies, and articles on literature. Findings/Result: Micro manufacturing companies are working to improve their client satisfaction and service quality in order to increase B2B relationships. They are also using web marketing to offer a personalised shopping experience. The providers' increased efforts to build relationships with their clients will likely have a favourable impact on their trust, dedication, and contentment. Originality/Value: The case's discoveries will provide deeper understanding of Long term B2B relationship and help Micro manufacturing business to sustain continuous B2B relationship. Paper Type: Case Study

Convergence or divergence between small towns and villages: A perspective from changes in built-up land development intensity

Small towns and villages are key elements of rural revitalization, which has been a major engine for achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. Previous studies focused on the built-up land development of cities but not on that of small towns and villages. Meanwhile, the relationship between small towns and villages in terms of built-up land development has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we constructed a holistic mechanism framework for built-up land development in small towns and villages. A panel regression model was used to determine whether small towns impact the development intensity of villages (DIV) based on statistical data of 30 provincial regions in China from 2007 to 2016. The findings suggest a joint influence of internal and external factors on DIV. The scarcity of built-up land is a direct cause of changes in DIV; industrial structure, investment intensity, and village planning can facilitate built-up land development in villages, whereas residential expansion will hinder it. Notably, the relationship between multifunctional use of built-up land and DIV changes from negative to positive due to growing human needs with the country's rapid socioeconomic development. The foremost contribution of this study is to reveal both the convergence and divergence between small towns and villages regarding built-up land development. The built-up land development of small towns converges to that of villages, with the favorable factors accumulating in small towns first and then spreading to villages. Otherwise, a divergence in built-up land development intensity of small towns and villages appears when the favorable factors are excessively concentrated in small towns. Our study has important implications for built-up land development in small towns and villages. The future development of villages should consider both the impacts of small towns and the endogenous growth of villages.

Deconstructing Kenya’s Education: A Historical Paradox and Complexities

The education system in Kenya plays a crucial role in shaping the country's socio-economic development and human capital. This paper provides an overview of the education system in Kenya, highlighting its structure, key components, challenges, and recent reforms from a historical perspective. The education system consists of three levels namely primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Primary education is compulsory and caters to children aged 6 to 14 years, while secondary education is divided into two cycles: junior secondary (14 to 17 years) and senior secondary (18 to 19 years). Tertiary education includes universities, technical and vocational institutions, and middle-level colleges. In recent years, Kenya has implemented several reforms to address challenges facing education and enhance its quality and standards. Furthermore, the curriculum has undergone significant revisions to align with the changing needs of the job market and the global economy. Emphasis has been placed on STEM subjects namely Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, as well as technical and vocational education and training (TVET) to foster skills development and entrepreneurship. Despite these positive changes and several challenges, Kenya can continue to foster a well-educated populace capable of driving sustainable development and economic growth in the country.

Does Islamic financial development foster economic growth? International evidence

Purpose Several studies link Islamic finance to economic growth. There are at least two major limitations in these investigations. First, the proxy used to measure Islamic finance may not represent the whole impact of Islamic finance on economic growth because it only considers a subset of variables like Islamic banks’ deposits or sukuk issuance, etc. Second, it is difficult to extrapolate findings to other markets because most studies were conducted in just one nation or a small group of countries. Overcoming these issues is the driving force behind this research. In doing so, the study aims to use the overall Islamic Financial Development Index as a proxy for Islamic finance. The index measures the quantitative growth, knowledge, corporate social responsibility, governance and awareness of the Islamic financial sector. Design/methodology/approach Using a panel data set of 67 countries starting from 2012 to 2020, this study investigates the relationship between Islamic finance and economic growth. Findings The authors find that Islamic finance contributes to economic growth. This connection is more robust in Muslim and developing nations than it is in non-Muslim and developed nations. Practical implications To promote a country’s economic growth, the authors propose that regulators should focus on development of Islamic finance. To increase the reach of Islamic products, the government should take initiatives to raise public awareness of Islamic finance. Social implications The findings imply that Islamic finance may have a more significant impact on socio-economic development in countries with a higher concentration of Muslim population and those in the developing stage. It highlights the potential role of Islamic finance in addressing socio-economic challenges and promoting inclusive growth in these regions. Originality/value This is the first study to use a more comprehensive sample of countries, covering both Muslim and non-Muslim nations, as well as both developing and developed nations. In addition, this study, unlike its predecessors, used a more robust and comprehensive index of Islamic finance developed by Thomson Reuters.