Socio-economic Development Of Country Research Articles

Environmental water security policy in the EU, Ukraine and other developing countries

Purpose. To determine the key principles of environmental security of aquatic ecosystems in the context of sustainable use of natural resources and socio-economic development. Methodology. Comparative analysis and systematic approach. Findings. Principal aspects of water resources management in the states of the world are analyzed in the context of the provisions of the sustainable development concept. Comparison of countries with different levels of development has allowed identifying key methodological provisions that are implemented in the environmental policy ofwater. An approach to determination of the limiting indices of the impact on the environment is proposed. It was revealed that most post-Soviet countries do not use the concept of ecological system and ecosystem services in their legislative framework, which today are an integral part of the environmental policy and legislation of developed countries. The basic principles of the ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems are as follows: a water body (surface or underground ones) is a complex, functionally integrated and self-regulating ecological system. It cannot be considered as a volume with a resource for biological and amenity needs; priority in the water use should be given to the living components that exist in it and ensure its functional integrity. Any aquatic ecosystem should be economically assessed not only in terms of available water resources, but also considering other ecosystem services, particularly, the diversity of its biotic components. All these principles and the approach presented, if introduced into domestic legislation, will allow achieving progress in the field of ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems and sustainable social economic development. Originality. An approach has been improved which determines the efficiency of environmental policy in the field of water resources safety through a correlation analysis of water consumption and population size. Practical value. The research results allow for quantitative assessment of water resource management. The results of the study on the influence of the factor of freshwater resources on the socio-economic development of countries and regions of the world suggest that there is a strong statistically significant correlation in this system of connections.

ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ФІНАНСОВИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ В УКРАЇНІ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД

The article is devoted to the study of the state of public financial control in Ukraine based on the experience of developed countries to increase its efficiency. The state and problems of the state financial control of Ukraine for today were analyzed, its features and content were determined. The activity of the state financial control bodies in January-June 2021 and the dynamics of the volume of violations that led to the loss of financial resources, which were identified by the State Audit Office during January-June 2019-2021, are studied. The main financial violations that led to the loss of resources are described. After analyzing the experience of developed countries in the field of public financial control, namely the United States, Germany, Japan, Great Britain, the bodies of financial control of these countries, the peculiarities of their functioning and the principles by which they operate. To date, control activities in Ukraine are assessed by experts, including international ones, as ineffective. First of all, this is due to the significant level of offenses committed in the field of public finances, ineffective warnings, the prompt detection of which is possible due to the coordination of actions of bodies endowed with control powers. Of course, these indicators are influenced by the actual state of war in which Ukraine finds itself, but no less important factor is the political component, capacity and efficiency of governance. Today, the system of public financial control is the engine of qualitative change in the economy as a whole contributes to the security of public financial resources, non-current and other assets, the correctness of determining the needs of budget funds and liabilities, efficient use of funds and property. At the same time, in the current conditions of Ukraine's economic development, the tasks of the financial control system should be determined taking into account the needs of the country's socio-economic development. Accordingly, in modern conditions, the task of financial control becomes the identification of internal reserves of the state, which can participate in resolving crisis issues in the economy and social sphere. State statistics show that regulatory authorities are working to address this issue. The whole situation indicates the need for coordination of financial control, which involves coordination of functions of all controlling entities and concentration of their efforts on priority areas of control, implementation of best domestic and foreign experience, rapid exchange of information between them. The current course of the state in the system of public administration is associated with the need to increase the role of public financial control. However, there are a number of obstacles. One of them is the lack of appropriate legal and methodological framework for public financial control.

Западная модель урегулирования Афганского конфликта: взлет и падение «боннского трека» (2001-2014 гг.)

The article discusses the evolution of the Western model of settling the Afghan conflict in the period from 2001 to 2014. On the basis of the case-study method, the authors analyse the international community's main goals and objectives in the settlement of the Afghan conflict. Through the lens of documents of international conferences on Afghanistan, the development stages, participants' motives, contradictions and constraints in the development of the Afghan diplomatic process are highlighted. The path from the romantic-idealistic to the pragmatic-realistic approach in resolving the Afghan conflict by the international coalition is traced. The authors come to the following conclusions during the study. First, there was an application of the “western model” of state building in Afghanistan at the first “romantic” stage from 2001 to 2006. However, ignoring the specifics of the country of Afghanistan helped create only a visibility of democratic institutions and of the rule of law. The emphasis on forceful methods of resolving the Afghan conflict excluded influential social actors from the political process. At the same time, it was not possible to create a combat-ready national army of Afghanistan, and maintaining security in the country became the responsibility of the international military. This situation discredited the new authorities of Afghanistan. Second, there was an attempt to ensure sustainable economic development as the basis for the reconstruction of Afghanistan at the second “transitional” stage from 2006 to 2009. However, the asymmetry in favor of military spending, the bureaucratic nature of economic assistance mechanisms, and the conniving attitude to financial control mechanisms failed to reverse the negative trends in the country's socioeconomic development. The high intensity of clashes nullified the minimum achievements of socioeconomic development. Moreover, the increase in losses among international military contingents, the reputation losses of the newly created democratic institutions forced the international community to qualitatively review approaches to the Afghan diplomatic process. Third, the international community embarked on an honorary exit from Afghanistan at the third “pragmatic” stage from 2009 to 2014. The stake was made on a gradual transit of responsibility from the international coalition to the leadership of Afghanistan while keeping the image of international structures. The self-reliance of Afghanistan was becoming the main ideological pattern of this stage. Planning horizons of the Afghan conflict were shifted for an indefinite 2024. The international financial obligations became a kind of pay for distancing Afghan peacebuilding. However, international financial assistance remains a significant way of financial flow into the country and is an important factor in maintaining power in Kabul. The Afghan peace process, as a collective security project of the international community, began to break up into individual national initiatives by global actors.

ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ КОММУНИКАЦИИ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ВНУТРЕННЕЙ И ВНЕШНЕЙ ПОЛИТИКИ МОНГОЛИИ

The article examines Mongolia - a landlocked country located between its neighbors, the Russian Federation and the PRC. Due to the lack of direct access to the sea, limited geographical opportunities, as well as due to certain historical aspects, Mongolia faces challenges that are directly related to its foreign and domestic policy initiatives. These include the need to diversify natural resources to accelerate the country's socio-economic development and increase its influence on the world stage. During its socialist existence, Mongolia was oriented towards the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. After the collapse of the socialist bloc, Mongolia followed the path of democratic transformations, defining integration with Northeast Asia as a foreign policy priority. The geographical location of Mongolia, the remote distance from the seas and the location between two large neighbors make its external transport links very important from the point of view of international trade for the country. In this regard, the development of transport infrastructure will help economic diversification and sustainable development of Mongolia. The regional cooperation and integration are Mongolia's main goals to maximize the benefits of its geographic location. Mongolia currently uses Chinese ports for almost all its imports and exports and has a small volume of freight traffic through Russian Pacific ports to ship goods to and from North America. In this regard, to reduce economic dependence on China, the Mongolian side interested in expanding cooperation with Russia in the development of transport communications to create a competitive pricing of exported products. At the same time, the implementation of a successful foreign policy is hampered by the country's internal political processes associated with an unfair distribution of power, government instability, high level of corruption, and the absence of a unified and consistent resource policy■丨n addition, as noted by Mongolian experts, to solve the problem of diversifying the economy it is necessary to improve the legal environment for investment, and to increase the transparency of the work of foreign mining companies

Анализ практики межмуниципального сотрудничества в аспекте реализации пространственной неолиберальной политики

The present study is devoted to an analysis of the state and prospects of a practice of inter-municipal cooperation of a subjects of the Russian Federation in the aspect of an implemented spatial neoliberal policy — a key element of the global neoliberal paradigm of socio-economic development of countries and their regions. So, in an opinion of most researchers, the indicated practice (intermunicipal cooperation) is one of a possible option for mitigating a consequences of large-scale budget cuts in municipalities in countries of the World — the main provision of neoliberalism implemented in public policy. Main methods used in this work were descriptive and correlation analysis, which allow analyzing the main trends in the dynamics and relationships of a processes and phenomena considered in the study. As a result of the study, it was found that the most common practice of inter-municipal cooperation in Russia is a participation of the Ministry of Defense in inter-municipal non-profit organizations. The practice of creating inter-municipal commercial organizations is much less often used. At the same time, the authors determined that over time (for a period from 2007 to 2020), a use of both practices is gradually decreasing. It was also revealed that there is a mutual, mainly positive, influence of dynamics of a participation of municipalities of subjects of the Federation in a practice of inter-municipal cooperation and a development of social infrastructure (educational organizations, health care institutions, cultural and sports organizations) facilities in them. Based on the results obtained, in a future, it is necessary to expand analysis of the studied processes and phenomena, focusing on, on the one hand, the conditions for the functioning of the created inter-municipal organizations, on the other, on the main circumstances of the reduction of social infrastructure facilities. In addition, according to the authors, a thorough study of determinants that have a differentiated effect on an established relationships are necessary. A theoretical significance of results of the study is to expand a theoretical understanding of process of socio-economic development of local territories, considered in an aspect of an implemented neoliberal policy. In practical terms, findings allow authorities at various levels to assess effectiveness of an implementation of a practice of inter-municipal cooperation in Russian regions.

ОЦЕНКА ПОТЕНЦИАЛА СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА РОССИИ И КИТАЯ В СФЕРЕ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА

The article defines the role of small and medium-sized businesses in ensuring the socio-economic development of countries. The prerequisites for cooperation between China and Russia in the field of small and medium-sized businesses are presented. Based on the analysis of foreign trade relations, the potential and problems of cooperation between China and Russia in the field of small and medium-sized businesses are determined. The main directions of the development of cooperation between China and Russia in the field of small and medium-sized enterprises have been clarified as a condition for realizing the potential in this area.

Анализ и прогнозирование безработицы в оценке сбалансированности социально- экономического развития региона

Цель: проанализировать динамику безработицы как одного из базовых параметров устойчивого социально-экономического развития регионов России, установить возможности ее прогнозирования в регионах с различным уровнем эколого-экономической актив- ности. Обсуждение: в научной литературе проблема безработицы рассматривается как один из важнейших параметров устойчивого социально-экономического развития стран, регионов, иных административно-территориальных образований. Уровень безработицы является также одним из наиболее распространенных показателей в системе стратегического планирования регионов. В то же время прогнозирование уровня безработицы представляет значительную сложность, поскольку изменение значений показателя существенно зависит от множества экономических, социальных, институциональных факторов. Результаты: авторами установлено, что в регионах с «наиболее высоким» уровнем эколого-активности чрезвычайно низким значением безработицы она выступает в ка- честве фактора, препятствующего сбалансированному устойчивому развитию. В регионах «активных» и «очень низкого уровня» активности (большинство регионов страны) безработица не является существенным фактором дестабилизации, различные варианты прогноза не предполагают ее значительных изменений. В ряде промышленных регионов «среднего уровня» активности прогнозируется неустойчивая динамика показателя при его значениях, несколько превышающих нормальный уровень. Наименее благоприятная ситуация с безработицей складывается в регионах «низкого» уровня активности, где фактические и прогнозируемые значения показателя отличаются крайне высокой вариабельностью во времени, что является важным фактором возможного нарушения сбалансированности и устойчивости их развития.

APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN SIMULATION OF CLUSTER-NETWORK RELATIONS IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

Despite the fact that the cluster approach is quite common in scientific works, the issues of the formation, development and evaluation of the effectiveness of cluster-network interactions remain unresolved. The research of the scientific community is based mainly on qualitative methods of cluster analysis (expert analysis, retrospective analysis, comparison method, etc.), however, the need to transform regional development and the transition to neo-economics require the use of economic and mathematical methods of analysis, and their arsenal is relatively small. which necessitates the search for new solutions. An attempt is made in the work to simulate the cluster-network mechanism in the oil and gas industry using neural networks, since the oil sector is one of the key sectors of the Russian economy, which influences the determining rates and paths of the country's socio-economic development, and is subject to the greatest regulation by the government of the country than most other sectors. The most important specific feature of the oil sector is that it is not only able to generate huge monetary resources, but also to accumulate them to solve a large number of socio-economic problems. Based on the results of the trained neural network, using the example of the indicators of the Perm Territory, predicted values of the gross regional product were made and, as a possible core of the oil industry cluster, the profit forecast of the company of the LUKOIL group.

О ПРОБЛЕМЕ БЕДНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

Reducing the level of poverty is one of the national aims of any state. The level of poverty is an indicator of a country's socio-economic development. In the article the factors that affect the level of poverty in Russia are identified, the documents that define the strategy for combating poverty are analysed. Besides the authors identify the reasons that prevent the effective solution of the problem of poverty in modern Russia.

A Inconstitucionalidade do Artigo 40, Parágrafo Único, da Lei de Propriedade Industrial sob uma Perspectiva Comparada

The research discusses the constitutional aspects of Article 40, sole paragraph, of the Brazilian Industrial Property Law (LPI, from its acronym in Portuguese). This institute establishes a minimum protection period for invention patents, and the Brazilian Supreme Court is now examining its constitutionality in Direct Action for the Declaration of Unconstitutionality no. 5529. The research aims to understand where this Brazilian provision is within the international landscape. For this purpose, the study compares Brazilian law and data on granting pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical invention patents for the period between 2010 and 2019 to intellectual property laws and patent granting in twenty-nine jurisdictions. In a nutshell, the research shows no match for Article 40, sole paragraph, of LPI in any other jurisdiction. Although a minority of the nations studied have mechanisms for additional patent protection, these are restricted to specific cases (e.g., for pharmaceutical products) and are guided by a diverse legal-economic rationale of reduced application, which is subject to certain exceptions and limitations. Therefore, one cannot correctly compare these provisions to the Brazilian one. These conclusions are corroborated by the empirical research results, which show that the minimum term institute is responsible for distortions that extend the duration of patents registered in Brazil beyond the deadlines established by the TRIPS Agreement or by the practices adopted by the international community. Finally, the research provides the Brazilian Supreme Court factual and robust material to decide for the unconstitutionality of Article 40, sole paragraph, of LPI. This decision could be an adequate measure to stimulate Brazilian scientific-technological production, amplify access to healthcare by Brazilians, and, consequently, promote the country's socio-economic development.

Statistical analysis of the social and economic development of Ukrainian regions

The issue of the country's socio-economic development and analysis of its dynamics arises within the context of the transition to a market economy. The aim of the research is to consider the state of socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine on the basis of the generalized multicriteria indicator, cluster analysis, as well as the multidimensional nonlinear regression model. To trace the presence of differentiation in the socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine is especially important. The analysis implemented in the Thesis covers the widest range of indicators of the socio-economic condition of the regions of the country. An integral indicator of the socio-economic condition of the subjects of Ukraine has been offered as the main characteristic. The state statistical data have been used to construct a generalizing indicator. Ranking, as well as clustering of the country regions according to the selected indicators, makes it possible to more accurately determine which of them are the most developed. A multidimensional nonlinear model for forecasting the level of income of the Ukrainian population has been constructed on the basis of correlation and regression analysis. Conducting a comparative assessment of the socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions using integral indicator methods and cluster analysis, made it possible to identify a group of regions of Ukraine with a similar combination of feature values, as well as to determine the place and role of each of them in the national economy. This is of great importance for the development of the most crucial target programs for the economy, investment directions, and state support of lagging regions. The correlation regression model constructed has made it possible to identify the factors of the greatest impact on the change of population income levels, to determine the absolute and relative influence of the factors on the output indicators, and also to provide a reliable estimate of the future level of the output indicator, taking into account various conditions of the country's socio-economic development.

A VECM Analysis of the Relations the CPI, PPI, GDP Per Capita, Exchange Rate in the Republic of Azerbaijan

Aims: The study focuses on an empirical analysis of a macroeconomic indicators system, that reflect the level and pace of a country's socio-economic development, such as CPI, PPI, GDP per capita, exchange rate, taking into account the consequences of the COVID19 pandemic and oil prices on the example Republic of Azerbaijan.
 Study Design: The study consists of four sections. It includes Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Discussion and Conclusion.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted for 4 months of 2020 in the department of "Mathematical support of economic research" of the Institute of Economics of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.
 Methodology: Within the dynamic VEC model, taking into account the COVID19 pandemic and oil prices, the long-run and short-run effects of macro indicators system on each other were studied by means of causality, impulse responses and variance decomposition on the monthly statistics covering the period 2015M01-2020M07 for the Republic of Azerbaijan.
 Results: Calculations based on the established stable VEC (5) model revealed that there is a long-term causal relationship from the triad (CPI, PPI, Ex_Rate) to all endogenous variables. There are a short-term bi-directional causal relationship between CPI and GDP_Per_Capita and between PPI and Ex_Rate. From PPI and Ex_Rate to GDP_Per_Capita; from Ex_Rate to CPI, there are a unidirectional short-term causal relationship.
 Conclusion: Summarizing the results, we can write the following long-term expressions: the change a) in the GDP_per_Cap is influenced by the PPI and CPI variables negatively, and Ex_Rate – positively; b) in the CPI is influenced by the GDP_per_Cap and PPI variables negatively, and Ex_Rate – positively; c) in the PPI is influenced by the Ex_Rate and CPI variables negatively, and GDP_per_Cap – positively, so that the negative influence of the CPI is greater; d) in the Ex_Rate is influenced by the PPI and CPI variables negatively, and GDP_per_Cap – positively. Has been also identified that the indicator PPI has a more negative effect on changes in GDP_per_Cap, CPI and Ex_Rate.

Risk factors affecting maternal health outcomes in Rivers State of Nigeria: Towards the PRISMA model.

Existing research suggests that Nigeria accounts for about 23% of the world's maternal mortality ratio, with negative impacts on women's wellbeing and the country's socio-economic development. The underlying risk factors can be categorized into political influences, poor access to healthcare, inadequate utilization of health facilities, poor family planning support and complex pregnancy-related illness. Yet, the complex interrelations amongst the factors makes it difficult to ascertain the riskiest ones that affect women's reproduction and child death, with the existing intervening strategies failing to address the problem. This study identifies maternal health risk factors and prioritizes their management in Rivers State of Nigeria, using the Prevention and Recovery Information System for Monitoring and Analysis (PRISMA) model. Taking a quantitative turn, we applied exploratory factor analysis to analyze 174 returned questionnaires from healthcare professionals working in Rivers State and used the results to establish relationships between maternal health risk factors, prioritizing the riskiest factors. The outcomes indicate that the PRISMA model provides an effective framework for identifying and managing maternal mortality risks that can enable healthcare experts and managers to address the avoidable risk factors and mitigate the unavoidable patient-related risk factors in Nigeria. The implications for theory, practice and policy are discussed.

Measuring the incidence of social factors on scientific research: A socio-scientometrics analysis of strategic countries

En la literatura científica algunos estudios han examinado el impacto positivo que tiene la investigación en la sociedad. Sin embargo, este trabajo analiza cómo los factores sociales pueden influir en los resultados científicos. La muestra de investigación estudia a México y sus socios estratégicos en ciencia y tecnología. Los resultados se dividen en tres partes, la primera muestra la relación entre población, inversión pública en educación superior, gasto interno bruto en I+D (GERD) (como porcentaje del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB)), número de investigadores y los resultados científicos (producción científica y citas recibidas). La segunda parte se centra en la relación entre la movilidad del investigador (sedentario o migratorio (flujos de entrada y salida, estancias transitorias)) y la producción en colaboración. La tercera parte analiza si las preferencias en investigación de los países tienen una repercusión en el conjunto total de la producción científica. Este estudio facilita una mejor comprensión de las contribuciones sociales al desarrollo científico y socioeconómico de los países y es útil para que los gobiernos y los responsables políticos tengan en cuenta la importancia de estas variables sociales y, como resultado, conducir a los países hacia la excelencia en ciencia.

COVID-SCORE: A global survey to assess public perceptions of government responses to COVID-19 (COVID-SCORE-10).

BackgroundUnderstanding public perceptions of government responses to COVID-19 may foster improved public cooperation. Trust in government and population risk of exposure may influence public perception of the response. Other population-level characteristics, such as country socio-economic development, COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, and degree of democratic government, may influence perception.Methods and findingsWe developed a novel ten-item instrument that asks respondents to rate key aspects of their government’s response to the pandemic (COVID-SCORE). We examined whether the results varied by gender, age group, education level, and monthly income. We also examined the internal and external validity of the index using appropriate predefined variables. To test for dimensionality of the results, we used a principal component analysis (PCA) for the ten survey items. We found that Cronbach’s alpha was 0.92 and that the first component of the PCA explained 60% of variance with the remaining factors having eigenvalues below 1, strongly indicating that the tool is both reliable and unidimensional. Based on responses from 13,426 people randomly selected from the general population in 19 countries, the mean national scores ranged from 35.76 (Ecuador) to 80.48 (China) out of a maximum of 100 points. Heterogeneity in responses was observed across age, gender, education and income with the greatest amount of heterogeneity observed between countries. National scores correlated with respondents’ reported levels of trust in government and with country-level COVID-19 mortality rates.ConclusionsThe COVID-SCORE survey instrument demonstrated satisfactory validity. It may help governments more effectively engage constituents in current and future efforts to control COVID-19. Additional country-specific assessment should be undertaken to measure trends over time and the public perceptions of key aspects of government responses in other countries.

The role of science in the socio-economic development of countries with different scientific potential

The article is devoted to determining the role of science in the socio-economic development of countries with different scientific potential. The review of the literature shows the most important aspects for further study, namely the contribution of science to the socio-economic and technological development of the country as a whole and to the assessment of the relationship between the indicators of science and socio-economic development in particular. The analysis revealed that in countries with high and medium scientific potential, science contributes to the effective use of knowledge by the country for its economic and social development, while in countries with low scientific potential, there is a weak link between science and the development of the knowledge economy. Science is a key element in the formation and development of post-industrial society, knowledge-based and innovative economy, which confirms the experience of countries-technological leaders, where research and development, technology and innovation are the core of development of economy and society. It is shown that investments in R&D have a significant impact on economic growth, labor productivity and competitiveness. Science is one of the sources of economic growth. In the context of the fourth industrial revolution, the country's scientific potential is a key factor in the formation of a knowledge-based economy. The formation and effective functioning of the knowledge economy depends on the creation, dissemination and use of knowledge, research and development results.

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE DEFINITION OF «QUALITY» IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC SERVICES DELIVERY

This article examines the basics of the definition of «quality» in the area of public services delivery, and its role in the public administration system as a whole. The article examines the evolution of the definition of «quality» in relation to the public services delivery and its modern meaning. This topic is relevant, since public services are one of the main indicators of the country's socio-economic development. At the same time, the level of quality of public services directly reflects the standard of living of the population.

Economic and energy efficiency of agriculture

Article concerns economic and energy efficiency of agriculture in European Union countries. The study period concerned 2016. For analysis and presentation of materials, descriptive, tabular and graphic methods and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method – CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) model focused on input-oriented minimisation were used. An assessment of the socio-economic development of the EU countries was made using the following measures: Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (USD per inhabitant). Modern agriculture depends on industrial energy sources and as the socio-economic development changes into more and more energy-intensive production technologies. After presenting the introduction and review of the literature, the economic and energy efficiency of agriculture in the EU countries in 2016 was examined, which was at a high level – the DEA reached 0.67. Then, the correlation between the socio-economic development of countries and their economic and energy efficiency was analysed. It was also found that along with socio-economic development in the EU countries, the economic and energy efficiency of agriculture is increasing.

Outlines of a New World Order

The article discusses the transformations of the world order in the context of the development of socio-economic relations and scientific and technological progress. It is shown that in the course of scientific and technological development, which is the main factor of global transformations, there are the changes of social and economic relations, forms of statehood, and management systems. It is noted that since the beginning of the New Age, the philosophical basis of the world order began to be determined by market relations, which stimulated intensive scientific and technological progress and the development of the financial and credit system. Capital itself was originally seen as a service. As capitalism evolves, the function of money changes fundamentally, turning from a resource into a mean of management. This led to an increase in the differentiation of the socio-economic development of countries as well as to the stratification of society. An attempt to build a unipolar world as a result of economic globalization gave the opposite result. Exhaustion of the possibilities of capitalism models to provide socio-economic development in spite of scientific and technological progress, led to a cascade of economic, political, and military crises. The observed trends prove Daniel Bell’s forecast about the transition to a postindustrial society, that is, to a society where the priority is to improve the quality of life based on new technologies. Therefore, defining the contours of a new world order is on the agenda. The new (post-industrial) world’s way of life will be formed as a result of the humanitarian and technological revolution, the essence of which is the synchronous development of science, technology, and culture, focused on meeting human needs. The basis of the post-industrial technological paradigm will be convergent technologies. Moreover, the directions and trajectory of human development will be determined by the level of interaction between society, business, and government. However, as historical experience shows, there are currently no mechanisms for effective control of government and business by society. Therefore, it is concluded that at this stage, a consensus is needed, which at least will ensure a balance and global security, and ideally will give a new impetus to the development of mankind.

Natural and personal-human factors of increasing the national wealth of Uzbekistan

This article describes national wealth, its components and how to use them effectively to accelerate the country's socio-economic development. Scientific recommendations and practical recommendations are also being developed on the national wealth of the Republic of Uzbekistan, its development priorities, the role of natural and personal factors in their achievement and their effective use.