Competitiveness Of Countries Research Articles

Peran Pemasaran Global dalam Mendorong Kemajuan Ekonomi Indonesia

Global competition requires Indonesian companies to continue to innovate and improve production efficiency. This will help improve the competitiveness of Indonesian products in the domestic and international markets. The purpose of this study is to analyse the role of global marketing in driving Indonesia's economic progress. This research method is descriptive research method. The data source of this research is secondary data. The result of this study is that global marketing has a significant impact on the development of the Indonesian economy. By expanding market coverage, increasing exports, and introducing Indonesian brands to the global market, Indonesia can enjoy benefits such as increased income and transmission of technology and knowledge between international markets. Therefore, businesses in Indonesia should consider global marketing principles to improve the country's competitiveness and economic growth.

Teachers sustainable teaching innovation and graduate students creative thinking: The chain mediating role of playfulness climate and academic self-efficacy

Creative thinking is a core higher-order cognitive abilities in the 21st century, which reflects a country's competitiveness. This study used structural equation modeling and bootstrap method to explore the relationship between teachers' sustainable teaching innovation and graduate students' creative thinking based on a survey of 1210 Chinese graduate students. The study further revealed the mediating mechanism between playfulness climate and academic self-efficacy. The results indicated that (1) Teacher sustainable teaching innovation was positively associated with graduate students' creative thinking; (2) Playfulness climate mediated the significant effect between teachers' sustainable teaching innovations and graduate students' creative thinking, and the mediating effect of playfulness climate is 14.3%; (3) Academic self-efficiency mediators the relationship between sustainable teaching innovation and graduate students' creative thinking is supported, the mediating effect ratio of academic self-efficacy is 50.8%; (4) Playfulness climate and academic self-efficacy play a chain mediating role between the relationship of sustainable teaching innovation and graduate students' creative thinking. The chain mediation accounted for 8.9% of total effect; (5) In terms of gender difference, the playfulness climate had a positive impact on creative thinking in male students, but not significantly in female.

The significance of world oil prices and macroeconomic factors for the global competitiveness of countries

There has been a transition to renewable energy sources and the abandonment of fossil sources worldwide. Although many researchers have studied the influence of various factors on the competitiveness of selected national economies, there is little research on the impact of resource prices. Based on World Economic Forum (WEF) data, this study examined the impact of crude oil prices and macroeconomic indicators on oil exporting and importing countries' global competitiveness index (GCI). Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) to analyze panel data for 103 countries from 2006 to 2019, we found that rising oil prices increase countries' global competitiveness. Moreover, we assessed the impact of oil prices on GCI sub-indices. These effects are stronger for oil-importing countries than for oil-exporting countries. GDP growth, total factor productivity, average labor productivity, unemployment, and fixed broadband subscriptions, on average, had the most significant impact on countries' global competitiveness. The results draw attention to the most effective support areas for countries in the world's competitiveness ranking in the transition to renewable energy sources. In the medium and long term, oil exporting countries should use oil revenues mainly for innovative development and accumulation of human capital to improve positions in the WEF ranking.

Inflation and Energy Crisis under Ukraine Conflict

The Western energy embargo and sanctions against Russia have disrupted the supply and demand structure of the global energy market, which has had a significant impact on it. The process of reorganizing the new market structure will be fraught with uncertainty. The invasion of Ukraine by Russia has disrupted supplies of basic goods worldwide, driven up prices, slowed trade, and reduced incomes. The hardest hurt are developing nations that rely heavily on imported food and energy. Although certain commodity exporters could be able to increase exports to take advantage of rising global prices, they could see a reorganization of their trade patterns, which would lead to a lesser integration into global value chains. Consumers around the world are suffering, with the most negative effects being seen by the most disadvantaged. Since the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the world's economic order has been changed, this paper analyzes the economic indicators of the United States, Europe, and developing countries, describes the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on the energy crisis, inflation, and national industry, and people's living standards caused by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on the United States, Europe, and developing countries, and the geo-strategic competition of major countries politicizes and securitizes energy trade, resulting in disorder in the global energy market and threatening global economic stability.

Development of energy supply civil engineering system in Ukraine

The current state of energy supply of civil engineering systems in Ukraine and resources that can be developed and used to increase energy efficiency and energy independence are investigated in the work based on a systemic approach, analysis and synthesis of important questions on the research topic, as well as the method of observation, measurement, formalization and generalization countries in the conditions of the globalization of the world economy, as well as the integration of artificial intelligence systems and neural networks in all spheres of life. The relevance of the research lies in Ukraine's desire for energy independence and energy efficiency of existing systems, modernization of energy supply systems, which are already outdated and have low efficiency and efficiency. Further ways of improving and optimizing the energy supply of civil engineering systems in Ukraine are being researched, and their feasibility is proven. It is concluded that understanding the importance of these issues will lead to energy independence and energy security of the country as a whole, as well as an increase in the volume of civil construction and energy renovation of civil buildings. Special attention is paid to RES, which are already used in Ukraine, are quite energy-efficient and preserve the environment, which increases the country's competitiveness in the world energy supply market, as well as the production of many goods and services that are relevant today. Leading experts in the field of civil engineering and energy consider the development of renewable energy sources (RES) as one of the most important ways to energy independence of Ukraine and the development of civil engineering systems, the needs of which are growing along with the construction of new consumer facilities. The further development of this work consists in the targeted monitoring of problematic links of the modern energy supply system and the implementation of the latest developments of domestic and foreign specialists, which are already available today and allow to significantly reduce the percentage of energy costs in all areas of energy supply stem of civil engineering.

Analysis of Indonesian Palm Oil Competitiveness in the Main Export Destination Countries

Indonesia is the largest palm oil producing country in the world with a production volume of nearly 43 million tons/year. The high production of Indonesian palm oil is a new opportunity that needs to be developed in this globalization era to compete with its main competitors. Therefore, an analysis is needed in order to discover the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil commodity in the main export destination countries. Export is an activity conducted by a country by selling its products abroad using the payment system, quality, quantity, and other sales terms that have been agreed upon by the exporting and importing countries. This study aims to analyze the level of competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil exports in the Asian and European markets represented by six countries: India, Malaysia, Singapore, the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain. The analytical method used is Revealed Competitive Advantage (RCA) to see the comparative advantage and to determine whether the performance of Indonesian palm oil products in the main export destination countries increases or decreases by using the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA Index) calculation. The data used are secondary data in the form of time series during the period of 2014 to 2020 and cross sections of the main export destination countries of Indonesian palm oil. The results of the calculation of the RCA value show that in the period 2014 to 2020 the RCA value of Indonesian palm oil products in the main export destination countries is higher than one (> 1). Thus, Indonesian palm oil products have a comparative advantage in the main exports of destination countries from year to year. In contrast to the RCA index calculation results in this study, Indonesian palm oil products are still able to show a positive trend every year. This is proven by certain years’ RCA index of the main export destination countries: India, Malaysia, Singapore, the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain is still less than one (<1) even though the average RCA index value for each country is higher than one (>1). Hence, it can be said that the performance of Indonesian palm oil products increases or decreases frequently every year in each of the main export destination countries.

Quantitative Analysis of Economic Complexity and Industrial Competitiveness of Asian Countries

This paper mainly quantifies the economic development situation and industrial competitiveness of Asian countries by measuring the Generalized Economic Complexity Index (GECI) and statistical indicators. The measurement results reveal that it can reflect the real and effective national economic industrial competitiveness more accurately than traditional macro-economic indicators promptly. Another new finding is the GECI of economies, which shows clear geographical differences, with relatively the highest in the East Asia. Besides, we compare the potential of industrial upgrading and conclude that China, Turkey and India have stronger industrial upgrading, while Qatar and Kuwait are obviously weaker.

Assessing the role of institutional reform in enhancing Balkan sustainable competitiveness: An Entropy-MARCOS perspective

This research paper aims to assess the sustainable competitiveness of Balkan countries. Sustainable competitiveness was measured based on the indicators in The Sustainable Competitiveness Report from 2022, published by Solability. According to this report, sustainable competitiveness is evaluated using six grouped criteria. In this paper, the competitiveness of the Balkan countries was assessed through the application of the multicriteria analysis methods Entropy and MARCOS (Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution). The weight of each criterion was determined using the Entropy method. The results highlighted that the most significant criteria were Natural Capital and Resource Efficiency & Intensity, which carried the highest weight, whereas the Social Cohesion criterion was of lesser importance, represented by the lowest weight. Using the MARCOS method, the Balkan countries were ranked, with Greece securing the top position, closely followed by Albania, while North Macedonia exhibited the weakest performance. Sensitivity analysis further substantiated these findings. The outcomes of this study significantly contribute to the academic understanding of sustainable competitiveness and provide valuable practical insights for policymakers and stakeholders interested in advancing sustainable development efforts in the Balkan region.

Current problems and prospects for the development of the mineral fertilizer market in Russia

Subject. This article discusses the strengthening of Russia's position as a major exporter of agricultural products. Objectives. The article aims to determine the role of the production of mineral fertilizers in the development of the agricultural sector of Russia and strengthening the country's competitiveness in the world market. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of strategic analysis. Results. The article finds that the production of mineral fertilizers is susceptible to digitalization processes, which make it possible to create additional competitive advantages. The development of the mineral fertilizer market is influenced by fluctuations in grain prices. Relevance. The results of the study can be used when designing comprehensive programmes for the development of agriculture in the regions of Russia.

New priority of the state scientific policy of Azerbaijan: Development of scientific activity in universities

Aim. To study new challenges and priority tasks facing universities within the framework of the new priority of the state scientific policy of Azerbaijan, as well as to identify problems related to scientific activity in universities of the republic in the context of world experience, and to make proposals on issues related to their solution.Tasks. To determine approaches and priorities for ensuring the effectiveness of scientific and pedagogical activity in modern universities, opportunities to develop new strategies of activity.Methods. In developing the conceptual provisions of the study within the framework of dialectical and systemic approaches used such methods of general scientific knowledge as historical and logical, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, the unity of objective and subjective in the development of economic processes. Economic and statistical, factor, functional and comparative methods of analysis were widely used. The methodological basis of the study also served as a systematic approach to the disclosure of institutional development of the state science policy of Azerbaijan. The author applied methods of scientific analysis, in particular, statistical; methods of comparative, fundamental and functional analysis. The article reflects the ideas stated in the scientific works of scientists-economists devoted to the problems of institutional development of the state science policy of Azerbaijan.Results. The triad “education — science — innovation” in universities forms the basis of their activity. Therefore, there is a need to rid scientific activity from its formal character and abstract content, as well as to change the traditional approach to the management of scientific activity in universities. Recommendations and proposals for improving educational-research-innovation efficiency in higher education in accordance with the requirements of the modern period, adequate to the peculiarities of the national economy development, have been developed.Conclusions. It is expected that by 2030 Azerbaijan will become an economically more developed and competitive country. Achievement of this goal depends on the presence of national scientific-innovative universities that ensure the use, assimilation and dissemination of new knowledge and technologies in Azerbaijan.

On the significance of Modern social and behavioral ontologies

As challenges and uncertainties and risks are forming, the competition of countries for a better future is intensifying, and the number of studies and publications of multimillion global scientific community is growing, the role and importance of adequate description, accessibility and practical use of global knowledge is continuously increasing. Ontologies are becoming a tool for organizing both scientific and practical activities. As the world develops and becomes more complex, the importance and role of human beings grows — accordingly, the significance of ontologies in the social and behavioral sciences and the possibilities of their application for the purposeful creation of a better future grows significantly. Mastering modern digital approaches to creating dynamic ontologies and their application becomes the key to the development of a globally significant unique national project to create a better future for Russia and competitive strategic management of its sustainability.

Asymmetry and convergence in the development of digital technologies in the EU countries

Research background: Digitalization in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated significantly across Europe, including in regions that are at the stage of catch-up development. However, as innovative technologies are intensively integrated into everyday life, the digital gap between the EU countries is increasing. The widening digital gap is becoming a serious threat to achieving the EU's sustainable development goals and building a sustainable European society. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article was to empirically substantiate the inclusiveness and convergence of the digital strategy in the EU countries. Methods: Using the method of fuzzy sets, the level of asymmetry in access to transactional (e-commerce), information (cloud computing), operational (artificial intelligence) technologies in the EU countries was assessed. The negative impact of the digital gap within the countries (the gap between small, medium, large companies) and the global digital gap (the gap between EU countries) on the competitiveness of countries was established, for which correlation analysis and the Granger causality test were used. Findings & value added: The findings of this study contribute to the literature of digital transformation and digital gap of European countries. The impact of the digital gap in transactional, information, operational technologies on the competitiveness of countries is differentiated depending on the level of digitalization of the country. Cluster groups of countries are determined by the convergence of digitalization and ways to ensure long-term competitiveness. The directions for reducing the digital gap in the EU countries are substantiated by changing the priorities of spending on innovation and increasing productivity, diversifying the digital technologies used. The empirical results obtained can serve as a basis for improving the effectiveness of the digitalization policy in the EU countries in accordance with individual convergence goals. The main added value of the paper is related to the presented research procedure, which can be used in analyses of digital technologies development also for other countries. The results provide valuable insights into evaluating the digital technologies in European countries.

Development of a knowledge economy model based on the application of digital technologies in the republic of Kazakhstan

Object: the purpose of the study is to develop a model of the knowledge economy based on the use of digital technologies in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research methods — questioning, survey, extrapolation, comparison.Methods: the study was carried out in three stages. At the initial stage, primary data were collected, 6 questionnaires were developed, 147 people were interviewed.Findings: the purpose of the study is to develop a model of the knowledge economy based on the use of digital technologies in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research methods — questioning, survey, extrapolation, comparison. The main results of the study: the existing models of the development of the knowledge economy were studied, the main indicators of the knowledge economy in Kazakhstan and abroad were considered, it was revealed due to which measures taken foreign countries are leading in terms of knowledge economy indicators, forecast calculations of the main indicators of the knowledge economy were given, a model for the development of the knowledge economy was developed using digital technologies, which will increase the country's competitiveness and move to a new level of development and will contribute to the entry of the Republic of Kazakhstan into the top 30 most developed countries in the world.Conclusions: without knowledge, the development of a post-industrial society is impossible. In this regard, a new knowledge-based economy stands out. The developed countries of the world have moved to a new development model — to the knowledge economy. To increase the competitiveness of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is also necessary to move to a new stage of development — the knowledge economy. According to a number of indicators, the Republic of Kazakhstan lags behind other countries.

METHODOLOGICAL ESSENCE OF THE COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGIES IN THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of factors that determine the competitiveness of individual enterprises and countries in the conditions of a market economy. The change of priorities in different periods of economic development is analyzed. At the stage of the industrial economy, the priority in achieving competitive advantages was the main factors of production: labor and natural resources, capital. The next stage of market competition is related to investment. Attracting foreign and domestic investments provided companies and states with competitive advantages. The main task was to create favorable conditions for investments. In the modern economy, the role of the main factors of production, as well as investments, remains an important criterion of competitiveness. At the same time, there is a transition to fundamentally new technologies based on information as the most important resource. A new branch of the economy is emerging, associated with digital technologies for receiving, transmitting and processing information. The transition to digital technologies is accompanied by changes in the business environment. The competitiveness of companies in the digital economy depends on competitiveness in the global market. The workforce structure is changing. The competitiveness of companies is affected by the quality of workers employed in production. There is a struggle for highly qualified personnel. At the current stage, innovations are becoming the main factor in the competitiveness of both individual enterprises and countries as a whole. Ukrainian industrial enterprises, faced with crisis phenomena and problems of introducing innovations and innovative technologies into their production, are forced to independently search for new ways of innovative development of the enterprise, creating new production clusters of "production complexes" to solve the most basic problem of complete modernization of their production, and therefore the regularity of such a phenomenon , as the formation of "production complexes", require its comprehensiveness. Research. This paper formulates the main regularities of the formation of "production complexes", where innovation is a link, as a special factor of increasing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises, but as part of the "production complex". An analysis of scientific research in the innovative sphere of the economy was carried out in the part of studying the patterns of formation of "production complexes", conclusions were drawn about the lack of a concept of innovative development of "production complexes", a concept of innovative development of "production complexes" in our country was proposed.

Economic Efficiency of Public Administration in the Field of Digital Development

"In the article, based on the analysis of the essential characteristics of digitalization, it is proposed to consider the concept of efficiency in relation to the activities of public authorities as a generalized and interconnected series of such concepts as economy, qualimetricity, and effectiveness. The efficiency of public administration, including economic efficiency, is considered as the implementation of management, during which the set goals are achieved (solving a certain socially significant problem, satisfying the interests of the population, maintaining digital competitiveness of region and country) while minimizing costs and observing the current standards of digital maturity. It is proposed to understand the assessment of the effectiveness of public administration as a set of methods for measuring actual indicators that reflect the results of the public authorities’ activities within the framework of the strategies, programs, and projects being implemented in accordance with the criteria laid down in them, and in this case the assessment is seen as the direct result of such a measurement, which serves to compare the activities of public administration subjects, compare this activity with the declared goals, the results of past periods. The proposed leading and signal indicators can be used in planning and forecasting the level of digital development of regional socio-economic systems."

What drives global competitiveness in the European Union countries?

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of factors of national competitiveness measured by the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). It aims to identify the key factors that determine GCI of the European Union (EU-28) countries. We observe the composite indicator of GCI and the 12 factors of competitiveness in the period of 2008–2019 focusing on the links between the GCI and the factors of institutions, infrastructure, macroeconomic environment and its stability and market size. The GCI is determined using correlation and regression analyses and Structural Equation Model. A significantly positive relationship with the GCI is confirmed for institutions, infrastructure, macroeconomic environment and stability, labour market efficiency, market size, technological readiness in terms of information and communication technologies, and business sophistication and dynamism, but not for higher education and training and financial market development. The quality institutions are confirmed as a fundamental positive factor for the GCI together with macroeconomic environment and stability and market size. The study contributes with an empirical analysis that confirms the relationship between the selected factors of competitiveness and the GCI in the EU-28 countries.

TÜRKİYE’NİN LOJİSTİK PERFORMANS ENDEKSİNİN STRATEJİK BAKIŞ AÇISIYLA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Logistics plays a vital role in ensuring the competitiveness of countries in the international arena. The Logistics Performance Index, which reflects countries' international competitiveness, shows a country's efficiency in trade. However, the Logistics Performance Index determines the countries' on-the-ground efficiency of trade supply chains or logistics services from the view of worldwide logistics firms' managers. As a result, the robustness of the underlying data is related to individual logistics firms' factors; moreover, in the common literature, the effects of the Logistics Performance Index on countries' individual logistics firms' logistics performance have yet to be researched. This paper aims to analyze the effects of Logistics Performance Index and its subdimensions on the logistics firms' logistics performance. The data is gathered from the World Bank database between 2007-2018 and the International Association of Forwarding and Logistics Service Providers sectoral databank. Variance-based structural equation modeling with regression analyses is used for measurements. Contrary to the joint logistics and supply chain literature, the results show that infrastructure and tracking sub-dimensions of Logistics Performance Index negatively relate to firms' logistics performance in Turkey.

Main Directions of Sustainable Development in Education

Objective: One of the important vectors of the strategic development of the EAEU countries (Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union) is the construction of a digital economy and digital education - the formation of a common market for educational services with norms that level the competitiveness of countries in the field of education, aimed at improving the quality of human capital. It should be noted that education was not included in the service sectors for which the EAEU common market is being formed. Only in relation to the common labor market, the EAEU countries agreed on the mutual recognition of documents on education without going through the procedure for recognizing diplomas (with the exception of papers on education in pedagogical, legal, medical, and pharmaceutical profiles), as well as on the right to receive education by children from families working in the country (Articles 97 and 98 of the Treaty on the EAEU). But five years before the creation of the EAEU, on December 11, 2009, the EAEU countries signed an agreement on cooperation in the field of education, according to which the parties «carry out coordinated measures to consistently expand the EAEU aimed at creating a common educational space». Research in the field of concerted action of the member countries of the EAEU, as a rule, is located in the area of higher education, and we do not find research in the field of general education in the public domain. Theoretical framework: This study aims to identify the main directions of sustainable development in education in modern conditions. The choice of the topic is due to the importance of understanding the differences in the potential for digitalization of school education in the post-Soviet republics within the framework of the Eurasian Union and the hypothetical request of the Azerbaijani and Russian education systems to develop a resource matrix for the digital educational environment, as signaled by the roadmaps of the National Projects of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation in the field of education and economy in general. Method: To compare the preparedness of schools in different countries for the digitalization of education for subsequent testing in the educational system of Azerbaijan, an analysis of the state of affairs was carried out according to the criteria: (1) material and technical equipment; (2) preparedness of teaching staff; (3) opportunities for the formation of a digital educational environment and an analysis of digital practices in the projects of schools in the EAEU member countries. The logic of the empirical part includes identifying the respondents' ideas about the possibilities of digitalizing school education in the EAEU countries. The result of the practical part will be the formed matrix of the «potential of school digitalization» in the context of the EAEU countries. Results: The effect of the global digitalization of general education, triggered by the pandemic (COVID 19), is the reason for the emergence of research interest in the problem in the EAEU countries and the comparison of approaches and processes that accompany the phenomenon of digitalization of education. Moreover, advanced practices in digitalizing education have been identified among these countries, which can become the basis for further sustainable development. Originality/value: The digitalization of education is a multifaceted phenomenon covering all human activity spheres. A phenomenon that needs to be comprehended, developed, and actively applied in practice is its consequences and advanced learning technologies to fit into the new, emerging digital world system. With a broad interpretation of the concept of «digitalization of education», it can be noted that the authors are unanimous that digitalization forms an educational environment that ensures the «delivery» of information to participants in the educational process using digital technologies and tools (software + multimedia equipment).

Entrepreneurship Education in Engineering Courses: Critical Success Factors

The teaching of entrepreneurship in engineering study programs is an understudied area of research.. In an ever-changing economy where continuous innovation (much of it originating from engineering) is a prerequisite for a country's competitiveness and business growth, a purely technical education for engineers appears insufficient to provide organizations with a comprehensive contribution. The growing recognition of this contribution has led higher education institutions (HEIs) offering engineering study programs, which did not previously include entrepreneurship modules in their curricula, to introduce curricular units (CU) to fill this gap and encourage their students to explore the commercial potential of their research/technologies.

Assessing Asian Countries' Competitiveness: Two-Stage Dea Analysis of Global Innovation Index and Logistics Performance Index Integration

Competitiveness has emerged as a crucial economic characteristic in policy and academia. It refers to the combination of institutions, policies, and factors that determine a country's level of productivity by assessing different aspects of competitiveness. This paper aims to assess the competitiveness of Asian countries by combining Global Innovation Index (GII) and Logistics Performance Index (LPI). The authors implement an integrated model called the Data Envelopment Analysis Super Slack-Based Measure Model (DEA–Super SBM) and the Malmquist Model (DEA–Malmquist) to assess competitiveness from 2012 to 2018. The study begins by validating seven critical factors from the GII and the LPI that impact competitiveness. Subsequently, the Super-SBM model evaluates the competitiveness efficiency for 30 Asian countries during the specified time frame. The DEA–Malmquist model is then employed to analyze the overall change in countries' competitiveness productivity across Asia. This research suggests that most Asian countries have achieved competitiveness efficiency, with countries such as China, Pakistan, and Kuwait demonstrating high indicators. However, a few countries still exhibit relatively low competitiveness indicators, and there has been some variation in competitiveness efficiency over the years. The study's implications can provide valuable insights to governments and policymakers, aiding in developing effective strategies to strengthen competitiveness and foster economic development. Keywords: efficiency; inefficiency; competitiveness; GII; LPI; Data Envelopment Analysis; Malmquist; Super Slack-Based Measure; Asia